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1 Maximizing Animal Productivity with Sorghum 饲用高粱在实现动物产能最大化中的应用 Rodney Coe

2 So what do you want? 您需要什么? 2 Single cut 单次刈割 Silage, Haylage 青贮半干青贮 Late Flower or PPS 开花期晚或光周期敏感 High Yield: 6-8MT per mu 产量高 :6-8 吨 / 亩 Multi-cut 多次刈割 Sudangrass in their background (sorghum X sudan or sudan x sudan) 高丹草和苏丹草 Grazing, hay, high protein silage 放牧干草高蛋白青贮 Good regrowth, fine leaves and stems 再生性好叶片柔软茎秆较细

3 Forage Sorghum Types Silage 饲用高粱类型青贮 3 Photoperiod Sensitive 光周期敏感型 Traditional Silage Forage Sorghum 传统饲用高粱 BMR 褐色叶中脉型 Brachytic Dwarf 多叶矮壮型

4 Yield and forage quality for forage sorghum hybrids 饲用高粱的产量和品质 Variable Dual Purpose Traditional Silage Photoperiod Sensitive Harvest Moisture Yield 65%) Grain (MT/Ha) Crude Protein (%) 7.4 ± ± ±0.6 ADF (%) 25.9 ± ± ±5.9 NDF (%) 43.4 ± ± ±5.3 Lignin (%) 4.3 ± ± ±0.3 Starch (%) 33.6 ± ± ±1.9 Ash (%) 6.7 ± ± ±0.4 IVTD (%) 77.9 ± ± ±2.9 NE L (Mcal/lb) 0.65 ± ± ±0.07 Source: Bushland Silage Trials, Texas USA ( ) Chromatin internal data collected from different samples.

5 Silage Harvest Timing 青贮高粱收获时间 5 Timing to utilize grain derived starch is critical 收获时间对于籽粒中的淀粉含量非常重要 Forage sorghum bearing grain should be harvested no later than soft dough stage OR grain starch will be severely discounted in the diet (~ 45% available). 含有籽粒的饲用高粱应该在乳熟期收获, 若太晚会导致日粮中的可利用淀粉含量大大降低 Fully mature sorghum kernels are difficult to digest if kernel is not cracked. Lab analyses can be misleading because these samples are finely ground before analyses. 没有破碎过的完熟的高粱籽粒很难被家畜利用实验室结果往往对实际生产产生误导, 因为实验室的样品都是完全粉碎后才进行检测的 Photoperiod sensitive (PPS) hybrids combined with other sources of grain are risk free cost effective rations. 光周期敏感型高粱再与其他粮食混合对家畜来说是非常安全高效的日粮

6 IVTD (%) Harvest Timing and Quality 收获时间与品质的关系 BMR Conventional Boot Milk Soft DoughHard Dough Forage sorghum harvested at three different maturity stages and the effect on DM and Nutritive Value (Bolson, 2004, SE Herd Mgmt. Conf. Proc. Late Milk Late Dough Hard Dough DM % Dry Yield (T/Ha) CP (%) NDF ADF (%) Harvest moisture should be between 60 an 70%

7 Role of Silage in U.S. Cattle Rations 美国如何在养牛业中使用青贮 7 Feedlot 育肥牛 Focus is on high efficiency and performance. 注重饲料的高效和牛的增重表现 Silage is largely functional (rumin ph, etc.). 青贮主要承担了粗饲料的角色 Fiber digestibility and quality is not very important. 纤维消化率和品质并不是非常重要的 If forage sorghum is used, focus is on tonnage and cost. 若使用饲用高粱, 应重点关注其产量及花费 Dairy 奶牛 Focus is on high performance 注重牛的产奶表现 Silage is functional and nutritional (Energy source) 青贮是重要的能量和营养来源 Old system revolved around corn (fiber and starch) 以前的饲养模式采用玉米非常多 Irrigation reductions have changed some to sorghum for fiber and corn grain for starch. 由于全球缺水问题的日趋严重, 很多缺水地区已经改为由饲用高粱提供纤维, 玉米籽粒提供淀粉的饲养模式

8 Corn and Sorghum Silage Comparison 玉米青贮与高粱青贮的比较 8 Variable Chemical Composition Corn Silage BMR Sorghum Silage % Dry Matter Dry Matter Ash Crude Protein Non Protein N Fat (Ether Ext.) NDF ADF NFC Starch Variable Ration Composition Corn Silage BMR Sorghum Silage Kg/hd/day Silage Corn Meal Alfalfa Hay Ryegrass hay Soybean Meal, 44% CP Cotton seed Other meals and minerals Rations balanced to contain (%) 92.3 O.M., 15.4 CP, 4.7 Fat, 31.4 NDF, 21.5 ADF and 24.3 Starch. Source: Brown midrib forage sorghum silage for the dairy cow: nutritive value and comparison with corn silage in the diet Colombini et al., Ital. J. of An. Sci 9: :

9 Corn and Sorghum Silage Comparison: Milk Production 饲喂玉米青贮和高粱青贮奶牛产奶量的比较 9 Variable Corn Silage BMR Sorghum Silage Dry matter intake, kg/d SEM P Value Milk, kg/d Fat corrected milk 4%, Fat, % Fat, g/d Protein, % Protein, g/d Lactose, % Casein, % Urea, mg/dl SCC#, LS/mL Source: Brown midrib forage sorghum silage for the dairy cow: nutritive value and comparison with corn silage in the diet Colombini et al., Ital. J. of An. Sci 9: :

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12 Beef Cattle Fattening Ration Example - Queensland, Australia 12 澳大利亚昆士兰省育肥牛日粮配方 Target final live weight Over 550kg, Intake 8kg/head/day, Weight gain 1.5-2kg/head/day, Feeding for days, included dry pasture grazing

13 Weaner ration supplement to grazing dry frosted pasture Coo-ee Farms, Australia 澳大利亚 Coo-ee 牧场放牧小牛补充日粮配方 Dry Matter Sorghum silage 28.16% Milled wheat grain 20.24% Concentrate (Top Country Beef) 2.40% Urea 0.20% 13 Nutrient Composition Ration DM %: 50.99% Crude Protein % 12.55% Non Protein Nitrogen % 2.74% Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF) % 38.83% Crude Fat % 2.12% Starch % 29.61% Metabolizable Energy MJ/kg Rumensin mg/kg Start 350kg LW, 40 days feeding, Daily intake 8.8kg/hd/day, Gain target 1kg/hd/day

14 Thank you! 14

大豆皮替代饲粮中玉米与小麦麸饲喂产奶牛的营养价值

大豆皮替代饲粮中玉米与小麦麸饲喂产奶牛的营养价值 EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN AND WHEAT BRAN WITH SOYHULLS IN DAIRY COW DIETS ON LACTATION PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIETARY DRY MATTER AND FIBER P. J. McKinnon 1 2 1 42 1 5 3.4 2 5 3.3 3