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2 目次 2015 年 12 月 15 日 / 第 12 期 / 总 318 期 ( 第 39 卷终 ) HAI YANG KE XUE 1977 ( 月刊 ) 第 39 卷第 12 期国内外公开发行中国标准刊号 ISSN CN /P 国内邮发代号国外发行代号 M6666 主管 : 中国科学院主办 : 中国科学院海洋研究所主编 : 李铁刚出版 : 印刷 : 北京中科印刷有限公司总发行 : 北京报刊发行局订购处 : 全国各地邮局国外总发行 : 中国国际图书贸易总公司 ( 399, ) 本期责任编辑 : 张培新 1/ 两种微藻对中华哲水蚤繁殖的影响基于饵料生化组成分析刘梦坛, 金鑫, 李超伦 8/ 杂色鲍血细胞分类结构和免疫功能的流式细胞术分析冼健安, 钱坤, 郭慧, 王冬梅, 张秀霞, 苗玉涛, 潘训彬, 王安利 15/ 琼枝麒麟菜多糖抗呼吸道病毒活性研究邹沐平, 董栋, 王怀玲, 王巧利, 蒲含林, 王一飞 21/ 海水中臭氧总残留氧化物三种检测方法的比较研究王兴国, 张延青, 李贤, 孙国祥, 王顺奎, 于凯松, 刘鹰 28/ 主要营养素源组合对暗纹东方鲀生长消化吸收和水环境的效应王晓晨, 李勇, 张静, 赵宁宁, 秦巍仑, 秦桂祥, 高婷婷 39/ 温度胁迫对掌状海带幼苗生长抗氧化系统及叶绿素荧光的影响凌晶宇, 梁洲瑞, 王飞久, 孙修涛, 汪文俊, 刘福利, 姚海芹 46/ 湛江湾浮游动物群落结构特征及其周年变化龚玉艳, 张才学, 陈作志, 叶丽娣, 陈伟杰, 王伟荣, 孙省利 56/2012 年 6 月份桑沟湾褐潮期间浮游植物和浮游纤毛虫群落结构特征郭术津, 丰美萍, 张瑞峰, 于莹, 张武昌, 肖天, 孙军 65/ 不同盐度对施氏獭蛤浮游期幼虫存活与生长的影响刘超, 彭张明, 黄佳, 刘志刚 70/10 个半滑舌鳎家系 MHC IIB 基因多态性初步研究牛宝珍, 杜民, 陈松林 77/ 基于 R- 藻红蛋白及硫酸多糖提取的次等紫菜综合利用技术冯建华, 牛建峰, 黄爱优, 王广策 86/ 高等海洋植物海神草营养器官的组织学特点王林桂, 赵博, 黄勃 91/2013 年夏秋季黄渤海悬浮颗粒物粒径分布特征吴昊, 丘仲锋, 张艳萍, 孙德勇, 王胜强 100/ 基于非均匀海水固有光学性质的透明度计算方法陈希, 于斌, 何君姮, 孔凡龙, 李宗叶 106/ 海洋沉积物含水率对部分碱金属及碱土金属元素含量的影响及意义林学辉, 辛文彩, 徐磊 112/ 禁用后有机农药六六六在胶州湾海域的含量年份变化陈豫, 艾鸿, 赵慧娟, 杨丹枫, 杨东方 118/ 斜坡堤典型胸墙波浪力的影响因素李雪艳, 付聪, 范庆来, 王岗 130/ 利用多代卫星测高数据计算中国近海及邻域重力异常刘善伟, 李家军, 万剑华, 杨俊钢 135/ 利用南海石油平台的卫星雷达高度计定标与检验叶小敏, 林明森, 宋庆君, 兰志刚 143/ 黄河口挑河河口悬沙分布与输移特征研究权永峥, 边淑华, 刘建强, 冯秀丽, 王景川编辑部地址 : 青岛南海路 7 号, 电话 : , , 传真 : hykxbjb@163.com 150/ 波面位移非线性特征数值研究韩晓鹏, 宋金宝 157/ 基于影像纹理特征和外部风向的星载 SAR 海面风场反演研究程玉鑫, 艾未华, 孔毅, 赵现斌 165/ 基于空间自回归和空间聚类的渔情预报模型袁红春, 谭明星, 顾怡婷, 陈新军每月 15 日出版定价 : 元 173/ 口足目系统分类学研究进展 I/2015 年海洋科学总目次程娇, 王永良, 沙忠利海洋科学编辑部 CONTENTS

3 2012 年 6 月份桑沟湾褐潮期间浮游植物和浮游纤毛虫群落结构特征郭术津 1, 丰美萍 2, 张瑞峰 3, 于莹 4, 张武昌 2, 肖天 2 1, 孙军 (1., ; 2.,,,, ; 3., ; 4., ) 摘要 : 报道了 2012 年 6 月份桑沟湾藻华期间的浮游植物和纤毛虫群落结构, 并对环境因子进行了初步分析研究发现, 藻华原因种为一种直径为 2 μm 左右的小球型藻类, 细胞形态和粒径均与近年来在中国秦皇岛近岸海域频繁引发水华的超微型浮游植物相似藻华发生期间, 调查区海水中藻华原因物种细胞丰度高达 10 9 个 /L, 高于 2011 年同期调查区该物种藻华期间的细胞丰度 (10 8 个 /L) 除藻华原因种外, 其他浮游植物共鉴定 38 种, 隶属 3 门 23 属, 以硅藻和甲藻为主, 优势种为 : 具槽帕拉藻 (Paralia sulcata) 裸甲藻 (Gymnodinium sp.) 圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.) 长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima) 和太平洋海链藻 (Thalassiosira pacifica) 等纤毛虫共鉴定 3 属 5 种, 以砂壳纤毛虫为主, 优势种为百乐拟铃虫 (Tintinnopsis beroidea) 细胞丰度分布方面, 藻华原因种从湾内向湾外逐渐降低 ; 硅藻细胞丰度在位于湾口处的 6 号站位最高, 并向湾内和湾外递减 ; 甲藻和纤毛虫细胞丰度均从湾内向湾外降低, 这分别由优势种裸甲藻和百乐拟铃虫的分布决定分析发现, 调查区藻华原因物种细胞丰度与海水温度和层化系数呈良好的正相关性, 与盐度呈负相关性 ; 与裸甲藻和百乐拟铃虫细胞丰度呈良好的正相关性, 这两种异养微型浮游生物对藻华原因种的摄食能力值得探索与历史资料的对比发现, 调查区藻华期间浮游植物群落多样性下降, 群落稳定性降低关键词 : 褐潮 ; 浮游植物 ; 纤毛虫 ; 群落结构 ; 夏季 ; 桑沟湾中图分类号 : Q948.1 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (2015) doi: /hykx , CO 2 [1], [2],,, [3],,,, [4] km 2,,, [5] 20 60,, [6], [7],, ; [8] 1983~2004, ; [9] 2003~2005 : ; : : ( , ); (12JCZDJC30100); (2011CB409804) : (1986-),,,, ; (1973-),,,,,, wuchangzhang@qdio.ac.cn 56 / 2015 / 39 / 12

4 ,,, 30,,,, [8-10], [11],,, ,, 3, [6], 2 μm, 10 9 /L [12],, [13] [12], (Pelagophytes) (Haptophytes) (Silicoflagellate),,, (Aureococcus anophagefferens) [14] ,,,, 1 材料与方法 1.1 样品采集和分析 , 6 (37 02 N~37 06 N, E~122º37 E) ( 1), SeaBird SBE-25, 1 L, Lugol ( 1%) Fig.1 1 Study area and sampling stations, 24~48 h 100 ml, Utermöhl [15] : 25 ml, 12~24 h Olympus IX71 ( ), [16-18] 1.2 数据处理 - Pielou, [19] (Y) : ni Y = fi N, n i i ; N ; f i Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 12 /

5 CTD 剖面资料显示站位间存在明显的水体垂直游植物相似 [14] 其他浮游植物共鉴定 3 门 23 属 38 种, 混合程度差异: 18 号 15 号和 10 号站位存在温度跃其中硅藻门 16 属 29 种, 甲藻门 6 属 7 种, 金藻门 1 层, 而 6 号 4 号和 1 号站位则表底层垂直混合均属 2 种浮游植物物种以微小型浮游植物为主, 其匀考虑到水体稳定度可能对藻华形成具有影响, 文中硅藻中物种数较多的为圆筛藻属(Coscinodiscus) 中引入水体层化系数来进行分析层化系数计算方菱形藻属(Nitzschia)和曲舟藻属(Pleurosigma); 甲藻法为: 先通过温度盐度和压强计算出水体密度, 然中物种数较多的为裸甲藻属(Gymnodinium)和原多甲后表底层水体密度差除以水深即为层化系数 [20] 藻属(Protoperidinium) 大多数物种为温带近岸型和层化系数越高, 说明水体越稳定; 层化系数越低, 说广布型对除去藻华原因种后的其他浮游植物物种明水体垂直混合越强烈进行了优势度分析(表 1), 可以看出, 具槽帕拉藻 (Paralia sulcata)和裸甲藻(gymnodinium sp.)优势度结果明显高于其他物种, 剩余优势物种以硅藻为主环境特征各站位表层的温度和盐度见图 2 温度从湾内向湾外逐渐降低, 最高值出现于 18 号站, 最低值出现于 1 号站站位之间较大的温度差异, 可能跟各站位在一天内的不同时段进行调查有关站位 1 于上午 9 点左右进行调查, 其他站位的调查时间依次推延, 站位 18 于下午 3 点左右完成调查受阳光辐射的变化影响, 调查站位从站位 1 到站位 18 的水温逐渐升高盐度呈现相反的变化规律, 从湾内向湾外逐渐升高, 最高值出现于 4 号站, 最低值出现于 18 号站相较温度, 盐度在各站位间的差异较小图年 6 月份桑沟湾藻华原因种细胞光学显微镜图片 Fig.3 Photograph of the species causing an algal bloom in the survey area 白色小点为藻华原因种细胞 ABCS, white dots in the photo 调查区藻华原因种细胞丰度分布见表 2 可以看出, 湾内侧的 18 号 15 号 10 号和 6 号站位的细胞丰度均超过了 109 个/L, 湾外侧的 4 和 1 号站位细胞丰度较低, 但仍高于 106 个/L 总体来看, 藻华原因 Fig 图 2 调查站位表层温度(A)和盐度(B) Sea-surface temperature (A) and salinity (B) at the sampling stations 种的细胞丰度从湾内向湾口和湾外逐渐降低其他浮游植物细胞丰度则从湾内向湾外呈先增加后减少的趋势, 最高值出现于湾口位置的 6 号站位; 硅藻细胞丰度分布趋势与浮游植物一致; 甲藻细胞丰度则浮游植物从湾内向湾外呈逐渐降低的趋势(图 4) 硅藻中的具经镜检发现, 一种直径约 2 μm 的金色小球型藻类槽帕拉藻很大程度上刻画了浮游植物总体(藻华原因细胞丰度很高, 在部分站位细胞丰度已超过 109 个/L 种除外)的细胞丰度分布, 而裸甲藻则刻画了甲藻的 (图 3) 由于光学镜检无法对其鉴定到种, 在此暂将细胞丰度分布该物种称为藻华原因种(Algae bloom causative species, ABCS) 无论是细胞形态还是尺寸, 该物种均与近年来在中国秦皇岛海域频繁引发藻华的超微型浮纤毛虫共发现砂壳纤毛虫 3 属 5 种(表 3), 断面外侧 4 海洋科学 / 2015 年 / 第 39 卷 / 第 12 期

6 表 1 调查区优势度排名前 10 的物种 Tab.1 Top 10 dominant phytoplankton species in the survey area (%) Y Paralia sulcata Gymnodinium sp Coscinodiscus sp Nitzschia longissima Thalassiosira pacifica Donkinia recta Nitzschia sp Navicula sp Prorocentrum minimum Pleurosigma angulatum : 表 2 调查区各站位藻华原因种细胞丰度 Tab.2 ABCS cell abundance at the sampling stations ( 10 3 /L) Fig.4 Distribution of phytoplankton cell abundance in the survey area surface waters A. ( ); B. ; C. ; D. ; E. A. Phytoplankton (not including ABCS); B. Diatom; C. Dinoflagellate; D. Paralia sulcata; E. Gymnodinium sp., 4 ; ; 1, (Tintinnopsis beroidea),, ; (Tintinnopsis brasiliensis) (Codonellopsis mobilis) ; (Tintinnopsis tocantinensis) (Tintinnidium mucicola) 289~9917 /L, 289~9917 /L, 37.58%~ 100%; 0~1469 /L ( 5),, /L; /L, 1, /L, 表 3 调查区砂壳纤毛虫物种 Tab.3 Tintinnid ciliate species in the survey area (%) Y Tintinnopsis beroidea Codonellopsis mobilis Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Tintinnopsis tocantinensis <0.001 Tintinnidium mucicola <0.001 Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 12 /

7 ,,, ( 7) 3 讨论 5 Fig.5 Distribution of ciliate abundance in the survey area surface waters A. ; B. ; C. ; D. A. Total ciliates; B. Tintinnids; C. Aloricate ciliates; D. Tintinnopsis beroidea 2.4 藻华原因种与环境因子的关系 6 6, ; ; 3.1 藻华原因种,, [8-10] , [6], 2009, 5 6, [21], [14] Fig.6 6 Scatter plot of temperature, salinity, and the stratification index with ABCS cell abundance at the sampling stations 7 (B, ind L 1 ) ( 10 3 cells L 1 ) Fig.7 Scatter plot of Gymnodinium sp. and T. beroidea cell abundance with ABCS cell abundance at the sampling stations 60 / 2015 / 39 / 12

8 , [22-23], (Brown tide), [24] 2009, ; 2011,,, (~2 μm) (>10 8 /L) ( 4),, 表 4 本次藻华与世界范围内抑食金球藻藻华特征比较 Tab.4 Global comparisons of algal blooms and A. anophagefferens blooms [12] [14] [23, 25] [22] (μm) ~2 ~2 ~2 2~3 ~2 ( /L) ~ ( ) 17~20 21 ~18 15~ ~ ~31.5 But-fuco Fuco Diad Chl a But-fuco Fuco Diad Chl a But-fuco Fuco Diad Chl a (Pelagophytes) (Haptophytes) (A.anophagefferens) (Silicoflagellate) (A. anophagefferens) (A. anophagefferens) Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, Long Island bays :,, ( 6),,, [26], 2011 [6], 18 ( 2), [27] ;, [28],,,,, [6],,,, 15 ( 4), , , , ,, 8.77 mg/m mg/m 3[6], ( 15 ),, Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 12 /

9 , 6,,,, 3.2 藻华对浮游植物和纤毛虫群落的影响 ( 5),,, ( 7) 2011, [12], (Karlodinium veneficum) [31],, 2011 [11],, [32-34],, Oxyrrhis spp. Uronema spp. Euplotes spp. [35],,, 表 5 调查区浮游植物群落数据 ( 不含藻华原因种 ) 与历史同期资料的比较 Tab.5 Historical data comparisons of the phytoplankton community (not including ABCS) in the survey area ( - ) ( ) Paralia sulcata Gymnodinium sp. Coscinodiscus sp. Nitzschia longissima Utermöhl [29] Paralia sulcata Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Thalassiosira pacifica Detonula pumila Utermöhl [30] Pseudo-nitzschia pungens Paralia sulcata Nitzschia paradoxa Skeletonema costatum [9] Skeletonema costatum Pseudo-nitzschia pungens Chaetoceros lorenzianus [10] Skeletonema costatum Paralia sulcata Nitzschia sp. > :, 18 15, 2 ( 5); ,,, ( ), 4 结语 1985, ; 1996, [36], / 2015 / 39 / 12

10 , ,,,,,, : [1] Field C B, Behrenfeld M J, Randerson J T, et al. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components [J]. Science, 1998, 281: [2],,. [J]., 2009, 24(11): [3]. [J]., 1986, 7: [4],. ( )[M]. :, 2002: [5],,,. [J]., 1996, 17(2): [6],,,. [J]., 2012, 36(1): [7],,,. [J]., 2005, 23(3): [8],,,. [J]., 2007, 25(3): [9],,,. [J]., 2009, 30(3): [10],,,. Ⅱ[J]., 2003, 24(3): [11],,,. [J]., 2013, 35(3): [12],,,. [J]., 2012, 31(6): [13].. [ ]. http: // html. [14] Zhang Q C, Qiu L M, Yu R C, et al. Emergence of brown tides caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens Hargraves et Sieburth in China [J]. Harmful Algae, 2012, 19: [15],,. Utermöhl [J]., 2002, 20(2): [16],,. [M]. :, 1965: [17]. 図図 ( )[M]. :, 1979: [18],,,. [M]. :, [19],. [J]., 2004, 26(1): [20] Simpson J, Hunter J. Fronts in the Irish sea [J]. Nature, 1974, 250: [21]. : [N]. [ ]. http: //news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2012/7/ shtm. [22] Bricelj V M, Lonsdale D J. Aureococcus anophagefferens: Causes and ecological consequences of brown tides in U.S. mid-atlantic coastal waters [J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997, 42(5): [23] Probyn T, Pitcher G, Pienaar R, et al. Brown tides and mariculture in Saldanha Bay, South Africa [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2001, 42(5): [24] Bricelj V M, MacQuarrie S P, Schaffner R A. Differential effects of Aureococcus anophagefferens isolates ( brown tide ) in unialgal and mixed suspensions on bivalve feeding [J]. Marine Biology, 2001, 139: [25] Probyn T A, Bernard S, Pitcher G C, et al. Ecophysiological studies on Aureococcus anophagefferens blooms in Saldanha Bay, South Africa [J]. Harmful Algae, 2010, 9: [26] Smayda T J. Harmful algal blooms: Their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea [J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997, 42(5): [27],,,. [J]., 1998, 5(3): [28],,,. [J]., 2010, 31(4): [29] Yuan M L, Zhang C X, Jiang Z J, et al. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton community structure in the Sanggou, Ailian, and Lidao Bays[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2014, 13(6) [30],,,. [J]., 2010, 31(4): 1-8. [31],,. [J]., 2012, 36(4): [32] Jakobsen H H, Hansen P J. Prey size selection, grazing and growth response of the small heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sp. and the ciliate Balanion comatum a comparative study [J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1997, 158: [33],. [J]., 2011, 31(20): [34] Mehran R. Effects of Aureococcus anophagefferens on microzooplankton grazing and growth rates in the Pe- Marine Sciences / Vol. 39, No. 12 /

11 conic Bays system, Long Island, NY [M]. State University of New York, Stony Brook, [35] Caron D A, Gobler C J, Lonsdale D J, et al. Microbial herbivory on the brown tide alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens: results from natural ecosystems, mesocosms and laboratory experiments [J]. Harmful Algae, 2003, 3: [36] Gobler C J, Lonsdale D J, Boyer G L. A review of the causes, effects, and potential management of harmful brown tide blooms caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens (Hargraves et Sieburth) [J]. Estuaries, 2005, 28(5): Effects on phytoplankton and ciliate communities during the 2012 picophytoplankton brown tide in Sanggou Bay, China GUO Shu-jin 1, FENG Mei-ping 2, ZHANG Rui-feng 3, YU Ying 4, ZHANG Wu-chang 2, XIAO Tian 2, SUN Jun 1 (1. College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin , China; 2. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao , China; 3. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai , China; 4. Tianjin Bohai Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin , China) Received: Jan., 28, 2015 Key words: Brown tide, Phytoplankton, Ciliate, Community, Summer, Sanggou Bay Abstract: The phytoplankton and ciliate communities in Sanggou Bay during an algae bloom in the summer of 2012 were investigated, and a preliminary analysis of the relationship between algae bloom causing species (ABCS) and environmental factors was performed. The ABCS was a coccoid-like picophytoplankton with a diameter of approximately 2 μm. Its cell abundance in surface waters reached 10 9 cells/l, which was higher than its cell abundance during the 2011 bloom period in Sanggou Bay. This ABCS is quite similar to another picophytoplankton species, which frequently blooms as a brown tide in Qinhuangdao coastal waters. Besides the predominant species, a total of 38 phytoplankton taxa belonging to three phyla and 24 genera were identified as co-existing phytoplankton. The Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta dominated the phytoplankton community, and the dominant species were Paralia sulcata, Gymnodinium sp., Coscinodiscus sp., Nitzschia longissima, and Thalassiosira pacifica. Meanwhile, five planktonic ciliate species in three genera co-existed in the microzooplankton assemblage. The Tintinnids, were dominant and the most common species encountered was Tintinnopsis beroidea. The cell abundance of the ABCS decreased from the inner bay to the outer bay, and the diatoms cell abundance reached a peak at station six. The cell abundance of dinoflagellates and ciliates decreased from the inner bay to the outer bay, which was consistent with the distribution pattern of Gymnodinium sp. and T. beroidea. A correlation analysis revealed that the cell abundance of ABCS was positively correlated with temperature and the stratification index, and negatively with salinity. The cell abundances of Gymnodinium sp. and T. beroidea were positively correlated with ABCS, and the ingestion ability of these two heterotrophic protists on ABCS deserves further research. The phytoplankton species diversity during the bloom period was obviously lower than that in a non-bloom period, indicating that the brown tide had a negative impact on the stability of the phytoplankton community in Sanggou Bay. 64 / 2015 / 39 / 12 ( 本文编辑 : 梁德海 )

Microsoft Word - 1--齐继峰_new_.doc

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