C i i SO 2 4 (mg L -1 ) Q i i (mm) n 2 6 硫沉降量 / gs hm = [ ( Ci 1 Vi ) / A] 1 C i SO 4 2 mg L -1 V i L A (.31 4 m 2 ) [15] 3 cm 3 cm 8 c

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1 28, 17(5): Ecology and Environment * Calamagrostis angutifolia S 113 mg m -2 a -1 H 2 S COS H 2 S COS S.34 μg m -2 h μg m -2 h -1 H 2 S S 1.42 mg m -2 COS S 1.83 mg m mg m -2 a -1 X142 A SO 2 SO 4 2 [1] [2] [3],, (H 2 S) (COS) (DMS) (CS 2 )(MeSH) (DMDS) [4-7] H 2 S [8] [5-14] Calamagrostis angutifolia 34.45% N E 1 hm mm C. angustifolia C. lasiocarpa (C. pseudocuraica) (C. meyeriana) 1 5 HCl 7 d 6 Milli-Q cm 1 mm 1 mm ph SO 4 2 SO 4 2 i i i i = 1 i = 1 KZCX2-YW CB * xinhuali_28@163.com C = n C Q / n Q

2 C i i SO 2 4 (mg L -1 ) Q i i (mm) n 2 6 硫沉降量 / gs hm = [ ( Ci 1 Vi ) / A] 1 C i SO 4 2 mg L -1 V i L A (.31 4 m 2 ) [15] 3 cm 3 cm 8 cm, 2 min 3 1 L [16] Chromsorb G 8 ml Chromsorb G 13 4 min FPD 789II GS GasPro 3 m.53 mm1.5 μm ml min -1 A7 ml min -1 B185 ml min ml min -1 MPTo dc F= VoPoT H dt Fμg m -2 h -1 M H 2 S COSM P T V hpa K L mol -1 HP T dc dt 1 SO ~.376 mg L SO mg L -1 SO mg L SO 4 2- V mg L -1 SO SO 4 2- SO 4 2- SO 4 2- SO SO ρ(so4?(so 2-4 )/(mg L 2-)/(mg 稬 -1 ) SO 2-4 Fig. 1 The change of month concentration of sulfate

3 1745 降雨量 /mm SO SO kg hm kg hm kg hm -2 S 113 mg m -2 SO4 2- /(kg hm -2 ) 月沉降量 /(kg hm -2 ) Fig 研究时段月降雨量降雨频次 Fig. 2 2 The changes of month precipitation amount and frequency The change of month deposition amounts of sulfur 降雨频次 H 2 S COS 4 H 2 S S.~1.18 μg m -2 h μg m -2 h μg m -2 h -1 7 [17-18] 9 7 COS S -2.18~.92 μg m -2 h μg m -2 h COS μg m -2 h -1 COS [19] COS [2] 9 COS COS COS H 2 S 4 r=-.83 P<.5 COS H 2 S COS CO 2 H 2 S [2] H2S ( S )/(μg m -2 h -1 ) H H 2 S COS 日期 ( 月 - 日 ) 4 H 2 S COS Fig. 6 Seasonal variation of H 2 S and COS emission fluxes H 2 S S 1.42 mg m -2,COS S mg m mg m COS ( S )/(μg m -2 h -1 )

4 SO 4 2- S.133 g m -2 H 2 S COS H 2 S COS S.34 μg m -2 h μg m -2 h -1 9 H 2 S S 1.42 mg m -2 COS S 1.83 mg m -2 S mg m -2 [1] REYNOLDS B, FOWLER D, SMITH R I. Atmospheric inputs and catchment solute fluxes for major ions in five Welsh upland catchments[j]. Journal of Hydrology, 1997, 194: [2],,. [J]., 23, 23(3): Zhang Ming, Wang Tijian, Zhang Yan. Observational study on atmospheric aulfur deposition to farmland ecosystem[j]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, 23, 23(3): [3],,,. [J]., 22, 22(1): Hu Zhengyi, Xu Chengkai, Zhao Yanwen, et al. Dynamics of atmospheric sulphur deposition on rapeseed/rice rotation in selected area of South China[J]. China Environmental Science, 22, 22(1): [4] ANEJA V P, FARWELL S O, ROBINSON E, et al. Emissionsurvey of biogenic sulfur flux from terrestrial surface[j]. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association,1981,31: [5] COOPER D J, DEMELLO W Z, COOPER W J, et al. Short-term variability in biogenic sulfur emission form a Florida Spartina Alterniflora Marsh[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1987, 21(1): [6] MICHAEL C, MORRISON M E, HINES. The variability of biogenic sulfur flux from a temperate salt marsh on short time and space scales [J]. Atmospheric Environment,199, 24(7): [7] DELAUNE R D, DEVAI I, LINDAU C W. Flux of reduced sulfur gases along a salinity gradient in Louisiana Coastal Marshes[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 22 (54): [8] RODHE H, ISAKSEN I. Global distribution of sulfur compounds in the troposphere estimated in a height/latitude transport models [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 198, 85: [9] ISTVAN D, DELAUNE R D. Formation of volatile sulfur compounds in salt marsh sediment as influenced by soil redox condition[j]. Organic Geochemistry,1995, 23 (4): [1] CASTRO M A, DIERBERG F E. Biogenic hydrogen sulfide emissions from selected Florida wetlands[j]. Water Air Soil Pollution, 1987, 33:1-13. [11] COOPER W J, COOPER D J, SALTZMAN E S, et al. Emissions of biogenic sulphur compounds from several wetland soils in Florida[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1987b, 21: [12] ANEJA V P. Natural sulfur emission into the atmosphere[j]. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association,199,4: [13] Kanda K I, Tsuruta H, Minani K. Emission of dimethyl sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide from paddy fields[j]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1992, 38(4): [14] MORGAN M D. Modeling excess sulfur deposition on wetland soils using stable sulfur isotopes[j]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1995, 79(1-4): [15] KANDA K, MINAMI K. Measurement of dimethyl sulfide emission from lysimeter paddy field[j]. the Ecological Bulletin, 1992, 42: [16],,. [J].,26,25(3): Li Xinhua, Liu Jingshuang, Jia Yiqun. Determination of trace hydrogen sulfide by gryogenic adsorption-thermal desorption gas chromatography[j].journal of Instrumental Analysis, 26, 25(3): [17] GOLDAN P D, KUSTER W C, ALBRITTON D L, et al. The measurement of natural sulfur emissions from soil and vegetation: three site in the eastern united states revisited[j]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1987,5: [18],. [J]., 1996(4): Yang Zhen, Wang Lei. Research and prospect: on the research of emission of volatile sulfur gases[j]. Advances in Environmental science, 1996(4): [19] FALL R, ALBRITTON D L, FEHSENFELD R C, et al. Laboratory studies of some environmental variables controlling sulfur emissions from plants[j].journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 1988,6: [2] BROWN K A, BELL J N B. Vegetation the missing sink in the Global cycle of carbonyl sulfide(cos)[j]. Atmospheric Emvoronment, 1986, 2(3):

5 1747 Dynamics of sulfur inpput and output to the Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland system in Sanjiang Plain Li Xinhua 1, Liu Jingshuang 2, Zhu Zhenlin 1 1. Shan Dong Institute of Agriculture Sustainable Development, Jinan 251, China; 2. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, CAS. Changchun 1312, China Abstract: Using the field observation in situ method, the sulfur output from atmospheric deposition and input were studied in Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain. The results showed that there were significant changes among monthly average SO 2-4 concentrations in atmospheric wet deposition, and the reasons were mainly correlated with human activities, precipitation intensity and frequency, wind direction and geographical location. The changes of sulfur deposition amount were significant. The total sulfur deposition amount to the wetland ecosystem was 113 g S m -2 a -1. The seasonal and diurnal variations of H 2 S and COS emission fluxes were obvious, the mean emission fluxes of H 2 S and COS from the Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland were.34 μg S m -2 h -1 and -.29 μg S m -2 h -1 respectively, and the emission amounts of H 2 S from the Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland ecosystem to the atmosphere were 1.42 mg S m -2, while COS was absorbed by the Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland from the atmosphere and absorption amounts were 1.83 mg S m -2. The difference between sulfur input and output amounts were mg S m -2 a -1, which indicated that sulfur was accumulated in ecosystem and would lead to the wetland acidification in the future. Key words: sulfur; input; output; Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland systerm; Sanjiang Plain; dynamics CN X ISSN () - ( ) 2 21 CAJ-CD HJJS@chinajournal.net.cn (25) http//hjjs.chinajournal.net.cn (25)

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)(

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)( 24 1 Vol.24 No.1 94 2008 1 Transactions of the CSAE Jan. 2008 2008 1 100094 2 100035 3 100081 4 100081 5 100101 GIS ( ) 65.12 16.82 13.74 15.27 11.07 t/(hm 2 a) 10.93% 41.43% 46.93% 65.4%. Bi Jiye, Zhu