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1 疾控媒体快讯 GDCDC M eed ia i Moni tto rr ing i 疾控媒体快讯是广东省疾病预防控制中心开展媒体监测工作定期发行的内部参考资料通过对广东省主要报刊专业杂志网络传媒等公共卫生相关信息的持续监测, 快速掌握媒体上对我省及国内其它省份传染病暴发疫情或其它突发公共卫生事件的报道, 及时收集整理, 并对重大事件和热点问题进行跟踪欢迎各界同仁共同参与, 及时向我们提供您的发现和建议! CMM 主要内容 CMM 1. 强降雨给广东造成严重损失已开展抗灾救灾工作河源山体滑坡 4 死者已安置卫生部将制定不合格食品召回办法召回食品分 3 类医疗器械可疑不良事件北京报告增三成国际食品添加剂法典委员会会议召开免疫规划进入新时代天津职业病发病尘肺占九成胡锦涛强调做好农业标准化和食品安全工作优之良品卷入砷超标风波专家称与原材料有关布基纳法索的脑膜炎球菌病最新简报炭疽 : 人和家畜 - 蒙古东非裂谷热 (29): 坦桑尼亚 : 免疫链球菌肺炎 : 非疫苗保护株 ( 细菌 ) 出现 - USA (ALASKA) 极度抗药性结核南非 (08): WESTERN CAPE 李氏杆菌病 : 未经巴氏消毒的奶酪美国 ( 印第安纳 ) 口蹄疫越南 (07)...12 强降雨给广东造成严重损失已开展抗灾救灾工作中央政府门户网站年 04 月 26 日来源 : 新华社新华社广州 4 月 25 日电 ( 徐清扬粤水婷 ) 连续几天强降雨给广东造成严重损失, 至广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 1 -

2 25 日下午时止, 广东全省 21 万人受灾, 死亡 4 人广东省三防办 25 日发布最新灾情, 连日来的强降雨过程造成广东全省部分地区不同程度受灾, 河源梅州惠州韶关肇庆广州共 6 个市 15 个县 ( 市区 ) 75 个乡镇万人先后受灾, 死亡 4 人据广东省水文局水雨情实时记录,23 日 8 时至 24 日中午, 广东大部分地区持续出现强降水现象, 此间工有 47 个市县超过 50 毫米以上的暴雨, 其中连山龙川大埔和平龙门德庆河源日超 100 毫米特大量级的暴雨袭击, 河源上陵中学自动站录得全省最大过程雨量毫米 ; 强降雨伴随闪电狂风而至, 全省 16 个市出现了 8 至 9 级的短时雷雨大风天气灾情发生后, 广东省委省政府高度重视, 灾区主要负责人深入抗灾一线, 靠前指挥, 开展抗灾救灾工作根据省委书记张德江和省长黄华华的指示, 广东省政府迅速派出由水利厅民政厅和农业厅领导组成的工作组, 赶赴河源灾区, 察看灾情, 指导抗灾救灾工作据广东省气象部门预测, 广东省的降水从 25 日开始减弱,25 日南部有中雨, 局部暴雨, 其余市县有阵雨或雷阵雨 ;26 日北部有中雨, 其余市县有阵雨广东省防总要求各级三防部门密切注视各地雨情水情的变化, 继续把防御暴雨的各项措施落到实处河源山体滑坡 4 死者已安置金羊网 :45:34 该市 2 万多人被迫转移, 部分学校停课新快报讯 ( 记者魏凯尹政军 ) 河源市和平县长塘镇前日因暴雨发生多宗山体滑坡事故, 目前共造成 4 人死亡 1 人受伤事故发生后当地政府迅速组织抢救善后工作, 昨日下午死者遗体已得到妥善处理, 伤者目前伤势稳定一家 3 口被埋丧命在山体滑坡中丧命的一家 3 口分别为长塘镇黄沙村村民刘文浩及儿子儿媳妇, 他的孙女则在事故中逃过一劫据长塘镇朱镇长介绍, 前日上午 7 时许, 因天气影响全镇忽然突降暴雨, 导致全镇多处发生山体滑坡其中居住在黄沙村一山脚下的刘文浩一家被山上滚下的大量泥石流掩埋事发后, 当地政府干部和群众 80 多人迅速赶到现场组织救援, 自己也在其中当时大雨倾盆, 死者刘文浩的房屋已经埋在泥土之中, 通过核实得知可能有 8 人被埋, 数十人手持锄头小心翼翼地展开挖土救人的工作, 由于工具简陋加上当时仍在下着暴雨, 救援只能缓慢进行二十分钟后, 抢救人员终于挖出 1 个被埋者, 她是刘文浩的孙女她当时还有呼吸, 手指还能动, 我们马上把她送往医院抢救朱镇长说, 救援工作一直持续到下午五时许, 一共挖出 5 人, 其中 3 人送医院抢救后不治身亡 3 名死者身份分别是刘文浩及其儿子儿媳妇另外 3 人没有被埋, 自行脱险当天同一时间, 该镇园径自然村也发生一宗山体滑坡事故, 该自然村村民徐某在山体滑坡倒塌的房中被活埋而不幸身亡事故发生后, 镇政府已经按照相关规定将死伤情况报上级部门, 并将死者遗体火化处理 3500 被困灾民安全转移广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 2 -

3 河源市政府新闻办提供的情况显示, 至 23 日 16 时止, 河源市和平县下车镇 3 个村大部分房屋受浸, 上陵长塘等镇大面积受淹,2 万多名群众被迫转移, 部分学校停课 ; 龙川县铁场镇街道水浸达 10 多厘米灾情发生后, 河源市委市政府高度重视, 组织干部群众抗洪救灾至 23 日 20 时, 和平县下车镇雪一石含兴隆村被山洪围困的 3500 多名群众已全部安全转移和平龙川两县灾情已得到有效控制, 抢险救灾工作正紧张有序地进行一线探访 : 公路遍布大坑积水深达 2 米记者昨日一路驱车赶往长塘镇, 沿路看见山体滑坡严重, 公路上到处都是倾泻的泥土沿着崎岖的山路到了长塘镇, 发现许多街道仍水浸严重, 在该镇公路入口处的积水最深处达 2 米多, 足以浸没小孩的头顶记者原本试图赶往发生塌方事故的黄沙村, 但很快发现该镇唯一通往黄沙村的公路塌方更为严重, 整条公路几乎是三步一个小坑五步一个大坑, 汽车行驶了一段之后再也无法通行经过询问沿路的村民得知, 在连日暴雨的冲刷下去往黄沙村的近十余公里公路几近毁损, 你只能走着去了! 记者无奈只能在镇上留守一夜, 但在镇上的多条街道上, 记者仍发现多处有很深的积水尤其是在通往镇政府的公路上, 一处长约十余米的积水河竟然深达两米由于积水导致道路无法通行, 镇上居民只能绕行卫生部将制定不合格食品召回办法召回食品分 3 类中央政府门户网站年 04 月 26 日来源 : 人民日报从卫生部获悉我国将借鉴发达国家经验, 制定不合格食品召回管理办法, 目前正在起草阶段参与起草不合格食品召回管理办法的湖北省卫生厅卫生监督局局长杨明亮介绍说, 我国的食品卫生法有责令召回出售食品的条款他透露即将出台的办法中规定被召回的食品主要分为三类, 一类召回是不安全可能造成较严重健康损害或死亡的食品 ; 二类召回是存在安全隐患造成健康损害可能性较小的食品 ; 三类召回是指不会造成健康损害但不适合消费的食品生产标识不正确的食品 ( 王君平 ) 医疗器械可疑不良事件北京报告增三成版编辑 : 陈炬作者 : 薛原本报讯记者薛原从昨天召开的北京市药品安全性监测大会获悉,2006 年北京药品不良反应监测中心收集可疑医疗器械不良事件报告 439 例, 比 2005 年增长 34.3% 其中, 来自医疗机构的报告为 400 例, 占 91.1% 2006 年北京市医疗器械可疑不良事件涉及 18 个品种, 比 2005 年增加 5 种, 其中心血管内支架骨科植入物人工心脏起搏器人工心脏瓣膜聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶 5 类重点监测品种报告 395 例, 占 90.80% 注射穿刺器械人工血管缝线弹簧圈 ELAD 细胞生物反应器导尿包冠状动脉成形术球囊一次性灌肠包人工晶体痔上黏膜环切吻合器血液净化装置的体外循环系统及血管内导管等, 为新增可疑不良事件品种可疑不良事件临床表现为 : 冠状动脉介入诊治常用器械共 225 例, 其中 204 例为植入支架后支架内再狭窄 ; 骨科植入物共收到 84 例不良事件报告, 为 2005 年收到报告数量的 3.36 倍, 骨科植入物涉及的器械产品主要有人工关节假体钢板螺钉髓内针接骨板髌骨张力带骨水泥等, 临床表现为断裂松动感染脱位疼痛活动受限功能障碍等 ; 人工心脏起搏器收到不良事件报告 52 例, 临床表现为电池提前耗竭电极脱位起搏器功能异常及囊袋破溃感染等广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 3 -

4 国际食品添加剂法典委员会会议召开版编辑 : 陈炬作者 : 钱峰本报讯 ( 记者钱峰 ) 第 39 届国际食品添加剂法典委员会会议于 4 月 24 日在北京召开, 国际食品添加剂法典委员会主席中国工程院院士陈君石主持会议这是我国 2006 年成为国际食品添加剂法典委员会主持国后首次组织该委员会会议此次会议议题包括食品添加剂法典通用标准香料使用准则草案加工助剂食品添加剂国际编码系统食品添加剂质量规格标准等问题会议研究结果将对国际食品标准, 特别是对食品添加剂法规标准制定食品添加剂使用管理以及食品安全保障体系的建设具有重要意义免疫规划进入新时代版编辑 : 陈炬作者 : 孟庆普 4 月 25 日是全国儿童预防接种日记者从有关方面获悉, 近年来, 我国各级政府加大了对儿童免疫规划工作的投入, 先后出台一系列政策法规, 推动促进和保证了免疫规划工作的可持续发展, 免疫规划工作开始步入新时代从计划免疫跨入免疫规划云南泸西的小笼桥村, 是一个藏在大山深处的彝族村寨过去, 这里连车都不通, 更不用说打预防针了而从去年开始, 县里的疫苗接种车几乎每个月都来一趟, 小笼桥村的孩子同样可以免费接种疫苗更让人高兴的是, 当地孩子的免疫接种证上今年又新增了预防流脑和乙脑两种免费疫苗我国实施儿童计划免疫已有 20 多年的历史, 很多人已经习惯了计划免疫的提法这两年, 免疫规划开始步入人们的视野据中国疾控中心免疫规划中心专家介绍,1974 年, 世界卫生组织提出在全球开展扩大免疫规划, 包含两方面内容, 一是要提高接种率, 扩大免疫接种的人群 ; 二是要逐步推广使用安全有效的新疫苗, 扩大使用疫苗种类为适应我国预防接种工作发展需求, 并与国际接轨, 我国引入了免疫规划的概念 2004 年 12 月, 新修订的中华人民共和国传染病防治法规定 : 我国实行有计划的预防接种制度和对儿童实行预防接种证制度, 国家免疫规划项目的预防接种实行免费 2005 年 6 月 1 日, 疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例正式实施, 对疫苗流通疫苗接种保障措施预防接种异常反应处理等作出了明确规定 ; 确定了政府对预防接种工作的保障机制 ; 明确了卫生行政部门以及医疗机构的职责, 规范了疫苗接种单位的接种行为为更好实施条例, 卫生药监教育等部门还配套下发了预防接种工作规范疫苗储存和运输规范入托入学儿童预防接种证查验工作等文件在财政保障政策方面, 据卫生部疾控局有关官员介绍, 地方政府根据中央制定的补助地方公共卫生专项资金项目管理方案, 制定了免疫规划项目管理实施方案省级财政卫生部门下发了经费分配使用管理等文件, 同时制定了免疫规划疫苗接种所需经费和冷链费用的补助政策各级政府按照各自职责, 制定了财政负担免疫规划项目经费范围标准的政策其中, 所有省级财政对购买国家免疫规划疫苗均予以保障适龄儿童平均疫苗经费 16 元近几年, 各级政府对免疫规划投入大幅度增加中央财政对中西部省区, 特别是对少数民族地区和贫困地区的预防接种费用给予专项补助 2004 年度补助 1.12 亿元,2005 年度比 2004 年度增长了 1.04 亿元,2006 年度比 2005 年度又增长了 0.58 亿元这些经费主要用于对国家免疫规划 5 种疫苗 15 针 ( 剂 ) 次进行补助, 其中对国家扶贫县少数民族县边境广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 4 -

5 县儿童按照 2 元 / 次的标准补助, 其他县的适龄儿童按照 1 元 / 次的标准补助据统计,2005 年全国省级财政提供免疫规划经费超过 3.7 亿元 2005 年, 省级财政投入疫苗经费每省平均为 772 万元, 每名适龄儿童平均疫苗经费元其中, 北京市将乙脑疫苗 A 群流脑疫苗腮腺炎无细胞百白破联合疫苗等均纳入国家免疫规划, 每名适龄儿童平均疫苗经费达元流动儿童享有同等免疫服务浙江省宁波市北仑区制造业发达, 外来人口众多, 两年前该区实行为流动儿童现场建卡的管理方法, 一旦发现适龄儿童, 马上穷追不舍该区规定, 流动儿童预防保健是乡村医生的主要工作, 对工作不合格的乡医一票否决, 不予年检这套被有关专家形象地称为粘胶水的管理模式, 使该区 10 个月以上儿童的五苗全程接种率超过 85% 截至 2006 年底, 全国已有北京广东四川等 25 个省市出台了保证流动儿童预防接种的相应政策, 正在建设中的儿童预防接种信息化管理系统, 将使上述公平政策变得更具有操作性这个系统将为每个儿童建立免疫服务电子档案, 建立分级管理的儿童预防接种信息管理数据库, 实现接种信息动态统计监测分析, 系统收集和评价接种情况 ; 逐步实现儿童预防接种资料联网与异地信息共享根据卫生部要求, 东中西部省区将分别于 2008 年 2009 年 2010 年底前实现 90% 以上的县 80% 以上的乡完成儿童预防接种信息管理系统建设, 实现接种信息的个案管理此外, 依法建立儿童入托入学查验预防接种证制度, 是保证漏种儿童得到补种提高儿童免疫水平的关键环节 2006 年 9 月, 各地在新学年开始之际, 开展了大规模儿童入托入学查验接种证工作其中,28 个省级卫生教育部门联合下发了查验接种证实施方案, 25 个省 84.5% 的学校托幼机构开展了查验工作天津职业病发病尘肺占九成版编辑 : 陈炬作者 : 刘道安本报讯记者刘道安日前从天津市卫生局获悉, 尘肺是天津市职业病发病的主要病种近 3 年来的统计表明, 尘肺病占该市职业病发病人数的 91% 资料显示, 天津市职业病发病情况有 3 个特点一是尘肺病依然突出在各类尘肺病例中, 矽肺石棉肺水泥尘肺铸工尘肺和滑石尘肺仍为主要病种, 共占 93.9%, 主要发生在建材冶金机械 3 大行业二是慢性职业中毒形势严峻有机溶剂中毒突出, 约占职业中毒的 70% 三是急性职业中毒事故时有发生天津市相关部门规定, 职业病相关企业应为从业者建立健康档案从业人员首次上岗和离岗都应进行职业健康检查, 工作期间还应定期接受职业体检目前, 天津市职业健康检查率为 73% 未建立健康档案的企业, 职工可以向有关部门投诉胡锦涛强调做好农业标准化和食品安全工作日期 : :31 来源 : 新华网作者 : 中共中央政治局 4 月 23 日下午进行第四十一次集体学习, 中共中央总书记胡锦涛主持他强调, 实施农业标准化, 保障食品安全, 是关系人民群众切身利益关系我国社会主义现代化建设全局的重大任务我们要从贯彻落实科学发展观构建社会主义和谐社会的战略高度, 以对人民群众高度负责的精神, 提高对实施农业标准化和保障食品安全重大意义的认识, 扎扎实实做好工作, 切实实现好维护好发展好最广大人民的根本利益广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 5 -

6 中共中央政治局这次集体学习安排的内容是我国农业标准化和食品安全问题研究中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院罗云波教授中国农业科学研究院质量标准与检测技术研究所叶志华研究员就这个问题进行了讲解, 并谈了对实施农业标准化和保障食品安全的意见和建议中共中央政治局各位同志认真听取了他们的讲解, 并就有关问题进行了讨论胡锦涛在主持学习时发表了讲话他指出, 解决好 13 亿人口的吃饭问题, 促进农业增效农民增收, 必须加快实施农业标准化实施农业标准化是建设现代农业的重要抓手, 是增强我国农业市场竞争力的重要举措, 是保障食品安全的基础条件只有把农业产前产中产后全过程纳入标准化轨道, 才能加快农业从粗放经营向集约经营转变, 才能提高农业科技含量和经营水平, 才能完善适应现代农业要求的管理体系和服务体系食品安全关系广大人民群众身体健康和生命安全实施农业标准化, 实现从农田到餐桌全程质量控制, 对保障食品安全至关重要胡锦涛强调, 没有农业标准化, 就没有农业现代化, 就没有食品安全保障要坚持政府大力推动市场有效引导龙头企业带动农民积极实施, 以提高农产品质量和市场竞争力为重点, 推进农产品清洁生产节约生产安全生产, 加快推进农业标准化, 全面加强食品安全工作要进一步形成科学统一权威的农业标准化体系, 努力使生产经营每个环节都有标准可依有规范可循, 提高我国农业标准的科学性先进性适用性要进一步推广农业标准化生产, 广泛普及农业标准化知识, 积极推进农业标准化生产示范区建设, 把推进农业标准化与发展农业产业化结合起来, 加快发展无公害农产品绿色食品有机食品, 促进优质农产品生产发展要进一步净化农产品产地环境, 加大农产品产地环境监测力度, 加强农产品产地环境保护, 发展循环农业生态农业, 促进农业可持续发展要进一步严格农业投入品管理, 健全农业投入品质量监测体系, 普及农业投入品安全使用知识, 引导农民合理施肥科学用药胡锦涛强调, 保障食品安全, 必须树立全程监管理念, 坚持预防为主源头治理的工作思路要切实抓好食品安全专项整治, 继续推进无公害食品行动计划三绿工程食品药品放心工程, 提高整治成效要切实加强食品安全制度建设, 努力建立健全保障食品安全的长效机制, 严格实施食品质量市场准入制度, 全面落实食品质量市场检验检测制度要切实加强食品安全法制建设, 完善食品安全法律法规, 严格执法监督, 把食品安全法律法规落到实处要切实完善食品安全监管体制和支撑体系, 搞好食品监测基础设施建设, 完善检验技术手段, 加强食品安全宣传, 完善食品安全信息发布机制, 提高群众食品安全意识, 形成全社会关心理解支持食品安全工作的良好氛围胡锦涛强调, 各级党委和政府要增强责任感, 切实把实施农业标准化和保障食品安全作为一件大事, 纳入经济社会发展总体规划, 列入重要议事日程, 加大对农业标准化和食品安全的投入, 加强农业标准化技术推广队伍和食品安全监管队伍建设各级领导干部要努力学习农业标准化和食品安全知识, 加强调查研究, 及时研究解决实践中出现的新情况新问题, 不断开创农业标准化和食品安全工作新局面, 造福广大人民群众优之良品卷入砷超标风波专家称与原材料有关金羊网 :03:41 新快报记者林晨邱春燕 4 月 17 日, 香港大公报报道的一则新闻让爱吃鱿鱼丝的朋友们大吃一惊香港消费者委员会对香港市面上 65 款鱿鱼丝和鱼干产品进行了检查, 发现所有鱿鱼丝广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 6 -

7 都含有致癌重金属砷, 其中台湾广良兴食品辣味鱿鱼丝同心泰国杂货 ( 鱿鱼片 ) 林真香老铺 ( 鱿鱼片 ) 美珍香风琴鱿鱼丝时兴隆金龟唛鱿鱼丝优之良品辣味鱿鱼丝等 8 款鱿鱼丝的砷含量更是超过安全标准消委会食安中心各执一词根据香港食物搀杂 ( 金属杂质含量 ) 规例, 鱿鱼和鱼类产品的砷含量上限分别是 10 毫克 / 公斤和 6 毫克 / 公斤在本次检出的砷超标鱿鱼丝中, 最严重一款是越南某品牌的鱿鱼片, 它超标 2 倍, 人每周吃 3 包就有中毒危险其余超标的还包括时兴隆金龟唛优之良品林真香等品牌的产品, 它们多来自越南和泰国此外, 林真香朱仔鱼柳的含砷量也超出了法定标准不过, 香港食物安全中心对检验结果有不同看法他们表示, 鱼经过干制后, 水分大幅减少, 金属杂质比例会比新鲜时增加因此在评估重金属含量时, 应参考国际惯例如果照此计算, 这 9 种鱼类产品均未超出法定标准中国科学研究院海洋研究所的王存信教授对外表示, 鱿鱼丝鱼片等含砷超标可能是原材料所致, 这与海产品的生长环境有关如日本海以北南美的海域污染较少, 鱼类含砷量一般也偏低同时他也指出, 由于海域附近现代工业活动太多, 目前大部分海产品都会含有一定程度的砷, 但只要不超过安全标准, 对人体基本无害质检总局 : 港含砷鱿鱼丝未入内地针对优之良品时兴隆和美珍香等鱿鱼丝产品被检出砷含量超标一事, 国家质检总局近日已向香港卫生福利与食物局核实经港方证实, 本次调查检出砷的鱿鱼丝产品没有涉及内地输港产品虽然国家质检总局做出了澄清, 但是近一周的砷超标风波, 仍对优之良品等 8 个涉嫌品牌造成了很大的负面影响布基纳法索的脑膜炎球菌病最新简报年 4 月 17 日 2007 年 1 月 1 日到 4 月 8 日, 布基纳法索卫生部报告了例疑似病例, 包括 1490 例死亡 ( 病死率 7%) 34 个县目前已超过流行阈值通过乳胶试验和 / 或培养, 对从所有受感染地区采集的脑脊液样本检测脑膜炎奈瑟菌血清组 A 呈阳性迄今为止, 已在 15 个县中完成预防接种运动, 普及到 270 万目标人口的 100% 这包括首都瓦加杜古的 100 万人预防接种运动在另外 6 个县仍在进行已从为控制流行性脑膜炎提供疫苗国际协调小组以及布基纳法索卫生部持有的安全储备那里获得二价疫苗最近为预防接种运动发出的财政支持呼吁已受到国际社会的积极对待即将获得欧洲委员会人道主义援助司 Medicos del Mundo 无国界医生组织 Plan Burkina 瑞典国际发展合作署联合国儿童基金会联合国中央应急基金以及美国国际开发署的捐款, 这将使布基纳法索能资助所有必要的预防接种运动炭疽 : 人和家畜 - 蒙古 Date: 25 Apr 2007 Source: People's Daily [edited] < Human Anthrax Cases Found in Mongolia 广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 7 -

8 According to local media, 4 cases of human anthrax were found recently in Mongolia's Arhangay Aymag and Hovd Aymag [counties or rayons], which border China. The patients have been isolated in hospital for treatment, and their conditions have somewhat improved. In addition, anthrax occurred in the livestock of a herding family in Tomorbulag Soum of Hovsgol Aymag. In response, the county head imposed a quarantine in the affected area on 14 Apr 2007 and adopted disinfection measures. [Byline: Wen Huo] -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail Rapporteur Dan Silver [Background is being sought from Ulaanbaatar. There seems to be a pattern of March and April reports in Mongolia, which is unusually early for other countries on a similar latitude. So far, the explanation eludes us. The proximity of both outbreaks to mountainous country suggests that these outbreaks may be the result of feeding contaminated hay. The location of Hovd can be seen at: < and that of Tomorbulag at: < Neither are close to the southern border of Mongolia. - Mod.MHJ] 1_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,37181 东非裂谷热 (29): 坦桑尼亚 : 免疫 Date: Wed 25 Apr 2007 Source: Daily News - Tanzania [edited] < Simanjiro vaccinates cows for RVF More than livestock in Simanjaro District, Manyara Region have been vaccinated against the dreaded Rift Valley Fever (RVF). A statement issued by the district livestock department said that cattle, goats and sheep from Terrat, Engonongoi, Loswaki, Emboreet and Loiborsoit were vaccinated in 2 phases. Simanjiro District received vaccination doses. An NGO called VETAID supported the exercise by donating 5 refrigerators for storing the vaccines. The NGO has also been assisting in repairing the dips as well as supplying some livestock drugs. The government has been striving to eradicate RVF, which originated from Kenya and spread over several regions in the country killing a number of people and livestock. The Prime Minister, Mr. Edward Lowassa, told the Parliament on Friday [20 Apr 2007] that 89 people died of RVF, 59 of them from Dodoma. He said the government has stepped up efforts to vaccinate livestock in all suspected regions. The government ordered 2 million vaccination doses from South Africa, and 1.6 million have already been distributed. 广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 8 -

9 -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail Rapporteur Joseph Dudley [Subscribers are referred to Dr. Glyn Davies's comprehensive explanatory commentary on the Tanzanian RVF situation in animals, included in archived ProMED-mail post One of his main remarks addressed the vaccination of exposed livestock during the peak of an outbreak, a procedure regarded by him to be highly contraindicated. - Mod.AS] 1_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,37188 链球菌肺炎 : 非疫苗保护株 ( 细菌 ) 出现 - USA (ALASKA) Date: Wed 25 Apr 2007 Source: Chicago Tribune [edited] < While a new vaccine has all but eradicated common causes of pneumonia, meningitis, and ear infections in children, new strains of bacteria not covered by the vaccine have emerged, US researchers said yesterday, 24 Apr Since the introduction of Wyeth's wildly successful vaccine Prevnar in 2000, doctors have been waiting and watching for the arrival of replacement bacteria that could undo its progress. Now they may have found them. Researchers from the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have noted an increase in the rates of bacterial infections not covered by the current pneumococcal vaccine among native children in Alaska. "People are on top of it. It is not unexpected, but it is important," Dr. Katherine Poehling of Brenner Children's Hospital at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, N.C., said in a telephone interview. The vaccine, also called heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, or PCV7, is marketed as Prevnar in the USA and Canada and as Prevenar elsewhere in the world. Given initially at ages 2, 4, and 6 months, it protects children from bacteria that often cause ear infections and drug-resistant pneumonia. "Because of the surveillance, we are seeing it, and we can act in a timely manner and maintain the benefits that we've seen," said Poehling, who wrote a commentary on the study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The CDC's Dr. Rosalyn Singleton and colleagues studied pneumococcal infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, or blood infections known as bacteremia that occurred from 1995 to They found that in the 3 years after the introduction of Prevnar, from 2001 through 2003, these diseases fell by 67 percent among native Alaskan children younger than age 2 and 61 percent in non-native children. Between and , these infection rates remained stable in non-native Alaskan children younger than 2 but jumped 82 percent among Alaska native children, who are more prone to the infections. Since 2004, diseases caused by strains of bacteria not covered by the vaccine have risen by 140 percent compared with the pre-vaccine period. During the same period, diseases caused by the vaccine-covered strains fell by 96 percent. 广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制 - 9 -

10 [Byline: Julie Steenhuysen] -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail Rapporteur Brent Barrett [The serotypes of _Streptococcus pneumoniae_ contained in the heptavalent conjugated polysaccharide vaccine are 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F. Conjugation of the pneumococcal polysaccharide capsular serotypes to a protein backbone, as done in this pediatric vaccine, produces an antigen that is T cell dependent to which young children less than 24 months of age can respond. These antigens produce immunologic memory so that boosting is possible with serial doses. The current adult pneumococcal vaccine, which contains 23 different unconjugated polysaccharide serotypes, does not produce immunologic memory, and young children do not respond to it. This important study in a population of Native Americans (1) has found "serotype replacement," a changing prevalence of pneumococcal serotypes in invasive disease including 3, 6A, 7F and especially 19A. Not all of these are even contained in the 23-valent vaccine. Why Alaska native children have a 2-3 times higher prevalence of pneumococcal disease as compared to other American children is not clear. Although the 7-valent vaccine's efficacy is still high, as pointed out in an accompanying editorial (2), a 13-valent conjugated vaccine which contains serotype 19A is under development to adapt the vaccine to this "moving target." The authors suggest that continued serotype replacement or expansion of serotypes in the vaccine may be periodically needed. 1. Singleton RJ, Hennessy TW, Bulkow LR, et al: Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes among Alaska native children with high levels of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. JAMA 2007;297: Peters TR, Poehling KA: Invasive pneumococcal disease. The target is moving. JAMA 2007;297: Mod.LL] 1_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,37184 极度抗药性结核南非 (08): WESTERN CAPE Date: Tue 24 Apr 2007 Source: Independent Online [edited] < 288> The number of patients needing treatment for extreme drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) in the Western Cape has risen from 21 to 22 as of Mon 23 Apr 2007, on top of 3 deaths in the past month. An 18th patient was admitted to the XDR TB isolation unit at Brooklyn Chest TB Hospital in Milnerton on Mon 23 Apr 2007, the only unit of its kind in the Western Cape, provincial health department spokesperson Miranda Anthony said. Six men and 12 women are being treated at the hospital. The youngest patient is an 11-month-old girl, while the rest are between the ages of 18 and 58. The latest patient is an adult female. Four other patients are being treated for XDR TB in special isolation hospital wards at 3 广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制

11 prisons in the province, Anthony said. Two are being treated at Brandvlei prison in Worcester, one at Voorberg prison in Porterville, and a 4th at Pollsmoor prison in Tokai. Three women, aged 23, 26 and 43, have died in the past month at Brooklyn Chest TB Hospital after brief illnesses. Anthony declined to say where the patients came from, explaining that the health department did not want people to get the impression that XDR TB was more prevalent in one community than another. "We want to emphasize that it can happen to anyone, anywhere. It doesn't matter where you live," she said. Anthony said all cases of XDR TB in the province were referred to Brooklyn Chest, which has 24 beds in a unit designed for the exclusive treatment of drug-resistant TB. By the end of February 2007, the health department announced that it was aware of only 2 cases of XDR TB, including the 11-month-old baby, who is responding to treatment. In February 2007, the department of health also said that 269 cases were reported in South Africa since The 1st 60 cases were reported in KwaZulu-Natal. In total, 184 people died. The latest statistics are not yet available. [Byline: Karen Breytenbach] -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org> [The number of cases of XDR TB continues to grow, especially in South Africa. It is not stated in the posting how many of the total and of those who died were infected with HIV as well. The Western Cape Province of South Africa can be found on a map of the country at: < Most of the country's provinces have had cases of XDR TB. - Mod.LL] 1_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,37185 李氏杆菌病 : 未经巴氏消毒的奶酪美国 ( 印第安纳 ) Date: Wed 25 Apr 2007 Source: The Indy Channel [edited] < Serious health concerns are emerging from recent door-to-door sales in Indianapolis, from which at least one person has become seriously ill. Someone is selling unpasteurized cheese on the city's west side. The Marion County Health Department said it was made aware of the bad, white cheese on Tue 24 Apr Officials are worried that others might buy the product. The cheese was contaminated with a bacteria called _Listeria_. Experts said that it takes at least 3 weeks before someone who eats something contaminated with _Listeria_ to notice symptoms. "If something tastes bad, if it's spoiled, we tend not to eat it. We avoid it," said Dr. Crystal Jones, medical director of acute diseases for the Marion County Health Department. "_Listeria_ can be in something that tastes perfectly good. We just don't know it, and if we're in one of those at-risk populations, it can become a very serious thing." 广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制

12 -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail [Another posting from the litany of diseases associated with unpasteurized dairy products... _Listeria monocytogenes_ has been associated with such foods as raw milk, supposedly pasteurized fluid milk, cheeses (particularly soft-ripened varieties), ice cream, raw vegetables, fermented raw-meat sausages, cold cuts, raw and cooked poultry, raw meats (all types), and raw and smoked fish. Its ability to grow at temperatures as low as 3 C permits multiplication in refrigerated foods. It is particularly associated with intrauterine infection of pregnant women and meningitis in individuals with depression of cellular immunity. Indianapolis is located in Marion County in central Indiana and can be found on a map at: < - Mod.LL] 1_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,37186 口蹄疫越南 (07) Date: Wed 25 Apr 2007 Source: Xinhua via Chinaview [edited] < Foot-and-mouth disease hits North Viet Nam Viet Nam's northern provinces of Thai Nguyen and Quang Ninh have been stricken by foot-and-mouth disease [FMD], according to a local veterinary agency on Wednesday [25 Apr 2007]. The disease has hit Dai Tu district in Thai Nguyen since 12 Apr 2007, affecting 6 bulls and buffaloes and 14 pigs, and also the 2 districts of Ba Che and Tien Yen in Quang Ninh since 5 Apr 2007, affecting 27 bulls and buffaloes and 14 pigs, said the Department of Animal Health under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The provincial Veterinary Bureaus have culled all infected cattle, and [disinfected] affected farms. Now, the disease is hitting 12 communes in 5 provinces, namely, Thai Nguyen and Quang Ninh in the north, and Phu Yen, Gia Lai and Ha Tinh in the central region, said the department. Under a national agriculture development plan approved by the government in 2005, Viet Nam will, by 2010, have million pigs, million bulls and cows and million buffaloes. [Byline: Jiang Yuxia] -- Communicated by: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org> 广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制

13 [According to a posting dated 4 Feb 2007 (archive ), 11 Vietnamese provinces were reportedly affected at that time, namely Cao Bang, Tuyen Quang, Lang Son, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho provinces in the north; Can Tho City, HCMC, Soc Trang, Dong Nai in the south; and Kon Tum province in the central highlands. On 23 Feb 2007, 2 provinces, Quang Binh and Quang Nam were allegedly added to the list (see ); clarification was requested. In the current newswire, Quang Ninh is added, while Thai Nguyen is mentioned as still (or newly?) infected. For an administrative map, see < According to OIE's main web-site, Viet Nam's last reports on its prevailing FMD situation were submitted on 20 and 24 May 2006; see < Additional, more current information from Viet Nam is available at the web-site of the OIE Southeast Asia Regional FMD Coordination Unit (SEAFMD) < The most recent (December 2006) Vietnamese FMD data are presented in a table and a map. The map shows 8 Vietnamese provinces as infected by FMD virus serotype O in December 2006; see < ar=2006>. An official update to OIE's WAHID interface will be helpful in clarifying the actual current FMD situation. - Mod.AS] 1_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1000,37180 广东省疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室编制

蔡氏族譜序 2

蔡氏族譜序 2 1 蔡氏族譜 Highlights with characters are Uncle Mike s corrections. Missing or corrected characters are found on pages 9, 19, 28, 34, 44. 蔡氏族譜序 2 3 福建仙遊赤湖蔡氏宗譜序蔡氏之先出自姬姓周文王第五子