a 圖二胡瓜萎凋病 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) 於田間造成下位葉黃化失水萎凋的病徵 (a), 罹病株則顯現維管束褐化壞死 ( 箭頭指示處 )(), 莖腐病徵會自根部向莖部蔓延, 終至莖蔓表現半側褐化莖腐的外部病徵 (c), 且會於莖節處

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "a 圖二胡瓜萎凋病 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) 於田間造成下位葉黃化失水萎凋的病徵 (a), 罹病株則顯現維管束褐化壞死 ( 箭頭指示處 )(), 莖腐病徵會自根部向莖部蔓延, 終至莖蔓表現半側褐化莖腐的外部病徵 (c), 且會於莖節處"

匙示充
7 years ago
Views:

1 c a d 圖一絲瓜萎凋病 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. luffae) 的田間病徵 (a), 會造成莖部褐化半側萎凋葉片黃化 () 葉緣皺縮的情形 (c), 若絲瓜在苗期受到病原菌的感染, 則會造成葉片伸展不開, 新葉抽芽受阻, 產生矮化的病徵 (d, 右邊 ), 發病末期可至莖蔓表現半側褐化並產生蔓割病徵 (e) Fig. 1. Fusarium wilt of loofah infected y Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. luffae caused poor loofah stands in a field (a), lateral wilt and stem surface discoloration (), leaf curl (c), and seedling stunt (right side) (d). The mature plants showed longitudinal split on stem in late stage of disease development (e). e

2 a 圖二胡瓜萎凋病 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) 於田間造成下位葉黃化失水萎凋的病徵 (a), 罹病株則顯現維管束褐化壞死 ( 箭頭指示處 )(), 莖腐病徵會自根部向莖部蔓延, 終至莖蔓表現半側褐化莖腐的外部病徵 (c), 且會於莖節處並出現粉紅色黴狀物 ( 孢子叢 )(d) Fig. 2. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium caused wilt and yellowing of leaves (a), vascular discoloration of stem (), and stem rot in mature plants (c). The infected plants died eventurally, and the macrospores of the pathogen were produced on stalk with pink color (d). c d

3 c a 圖三苦瓜萎凋病 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae) 初期易於正午時間出現葉片失水病徵 ( 暫時性萎凋 )(a), 後期會造成下位葉黃化半側萎凋的病徵 (), 罹病株葉片有葉脈透化 (c), 莖部 (d) 與根部 (e) 皆呈現維管束褐化壞死病徵 Fig. 3. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae caused temporary wilt of itter gourd leaves at noon (a), lateral wilt (), vein clearing (c), and vascular discoloration on stem (d) and root (e). d e

4 圖四田間利用絲瓜砧防治苦瓜 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae) 和絲瓜 (F. oxysporum f. sp. luffae) 萎凋病, 已在田間推廣, 被農民稱為三品苦瓜 (a) 和四腳菜瓜 () 農民以割裂靠接的方式嫁接絲瓜砧 (c), 在防治絲瓜萎凋病時, 嫁接成功後必須將母株莖部切斷 ( 手持處 ), 避免病原菌隨後侵入, 喪失防治效果 (d) d Fig. 4. Using loofah rootstock to control Fusarium wilt of itter gourd (San Pin ittergourd) (a) and loofah (Four Feet loofah)(). The cleft inarching grafting method was used (c), and the root system and asal stem of scion (susceptile cultivar of loofah) needed to e cut off for preventing the invasion of pathogen within one month after transplanting in the field (d). c

5 c 圖五苦瓜漏脂症 (resinosis) 接穗嫁接不親和所引起, 主要發生在嫁接苦瓜的成株上, 於嫁接處產生流汁冒泡的病徵, 嚴重時從裂口處流漏出膠狀物質 (a, ), 當苦瓜進入開花期, 絲瓜砧會腐敗死亡 (c), 進而造成地上部出現萎凋的病徵 (d) Fig. 5. Symptoms of grafting incompatiility of itter gourd-loofah graft showed sap shedding from graft union (a), rot at graft union at early stage (), shrunk and rot of loofah rootstock (c), wilt and dead of graft at late stage (d). d

6 圖六蔓枯病 (Didymella ryoniae) 會在支蔓上造成蔓枯, 嚴重時會在莖冠部造成潰瘍腐爛病徵 (a) 病斑在潮濕環境患部會有橘紅色的流膠 () ( 蘇俊峰提供 ) Fig. 6. Didymella ryonae caused stem light of muskmelon plant (a), and produced gummy gel with pink color at humid environment ().

7 圖七冠腐與基腐病 (Fusarium solani f. sp. cucuritae) 於田間初期出現少數葉片枯萎, 數天內便造成植株全株萎凋死亡 (a) 本病原菌僅能危害植物地際部上下各 2-4 cm 處 ( 自冠部到莖基部 ), 造成明顯壞疽性腐敗 (necrotic rot) 病徵 () ( 蘇俊峰提供 ) Fig. 7. Fusarium solani f. sp. cucuritae caused wilt symptom on muskmelon plant (a), the crown and foot rot lesion asically limited to the asal stem which elow and aove the soil line aout 2 to 4 cm ().

8 c a d 圖八黑點根腐病菌 (Monosporascus cannonallus) 分別在洋香瓜 (a) 和美濃瓜 () 上造成地上部出現突發性的急速萎凋 (sdden wilt), 初期罹病株之根系會產生根腐的情形, 也可觀察到皮層與維管束出現褐化的現象 ( 箭頭指示處 ) (c), 根系上可見到大量散生小型黑色點狀之子囊殼 (d), 末期常會造成全株根系腐敗死亡 (e) ( 蘇俊峰提供 ) Fig. 8. The root rot and vine decline caused y Monosporascus cannonallus showed symptoms of sudden wilt on muskmelon (a) and melon () in fields, cortex discoloration and root rot at early stage (c), perithecia on root surface (d), root rot and dead of plant at late stage (e). e

9 圖九胡瓜疫病 (Phytophthora drechsleri) 於田間, 會造成葉片失水軟垂, 急速萎凋, 青枯的病徵 (a) 罹病株之莖基部莖或葉柄都有水浸狀軟腐, 經日晒後, 患部快速縊縮呈鬼捏狀 ( 箭頭處 )(, c), 然而若遇陰雨綿綿的天氣, 則病斑繼續擴展產生基腐病徵, 終至植株死亡 Fig. 9. Phytophthora drechsleri caused green death and sudden wilt of cucumer leaves in a field (a), water soaking rot and then, shrunk in stem () or asal stem (c). c

10 圖十水耕洋香瓜根腐病 (Pythium myriotylum) 會造成根部腐爛褐變 (a), 喪失正常吸水功能進而萎凋死亡 () Fig. 10. Hydroponic muskmelon infected y Pythium myriotylum showed symptoms of sever root rot (ottom picture) (a), and wilt of leaves ().

11 圖十一立枯病菌 (Rhizoctonia solani) 於瓜苗之莖基處纏據並造成縊縮, 使瓜苗容易倒伏 (a); 於苦瓜 - 絲瓜嫁接苗上, 造成嫁接處呈水浸狀軟腐縊縮 (), 造成苦瓜接穗出現萎凋 (c), 最終乾枯死亡的病徵 Fig. 11. Cucumer seedling inected y Rhizoctonia solani showed symptoms of seedling dampping off (a), water soaked rot (), and wilt of ittergourd-loofah graft (c). c

12 圖十三根瘤線蟲 (Meloidogyne incognita) 會造成受感染根系形成大小不等, 圓形至長梭形小瘤, 腫瘤發育後可相互融合連結成不規則狀 (a), 產生根瘤的根部組織常因土中其他微生物複合感染而造成該部位壞疽褐化 (), 影響水分及養分的吸收 Fig. 13. Meloidogyne incognita caused different forms of tumor on roots with round to shuttle shapes (a), the tumorous tissues showed discolored and necrotised () due to have secondary infection y other microorganisms in soil.

13 c 圖十四其他因素造成田間地上部出現萎凋型病徵風害 : 洋香瓜因強風造成莖基部斷裂而產生地上部萎凋病徵 (a); 蟻害 : 洋香瓜因施用不明肥料 ( 糖蜜 ), 間接導致螞蟻咬食莖基部而造成莖基處腐敗 () 藥害 : 胡瓜因施用不明藥劑, 造成全區植株在 3 天內快速失水萎凋 (c) Fig. 14. The wilt-type symptoms of roken stem and wilt plants incited y wind injury (a), insect (ants) injury () and drug injury (sudden wilt) in cucumer and muskmelon fields.

洋香瓜完稿.indd

洋香瓜完稿.indd 台南區農業改良場技術專刊 98-2 (NO.137) 台南區農業改良場編印 22 Contents 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 1086 95 6,241 14,655 96 4,432 13,467