Ichizo Hattori1851 ~ 1929 John Milne1850 ~ ~ Herbert-Gustar et al Milne ~

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Ichizo Hattori1851 ~ 1929 John Milne1850 ~ ~ Herbert-Gustar et al Milne ~"

望费莫
7 years ago
Views:

1 ~ EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH IN CHINA Vol. 29 No. 2 Jun ~ P315 A ~ ~ fr97214@ sina. com

2 Ichizo Hattori1851 ~ 1929 John Milne1850 ~ ~ Herbert-Gustar et al Milne ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

3 Claudius Ptolemaeus 90 ~ ~

4 ~ km Ⅲ

5 ~ 5 7 ~

6 a 502 ~ ~ ~ km ~ 6 5 ~ ~ km 1 Ⅲ + ~ Ⅳ

7 /.. 1 / ** 6 2 / > 240 km ~ 6 > 280 km ~ 5 > 230 km ~ 5 > 200 km > 130 km ~ 5 > 200 km ~ 6 > 280 km > 250 km ~ 5 > 200 km ~ ~ 5 > 200 km ~ 5 > 200 km > 250 km > 250 km ~ 300km / ~ ~ ~ ~ 300km ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ 320 km ~ 280 km / ** 6 / ~ 7 / / ** 6 **

8 ~

9 m 1. 9m cm 3. 5g ~ ~ km1 Ⅲ + ~ Ⅳ

10 km 350km 600km 1703 J. de la Haute Feuille 4 a Von Lasaulx 8 4 b 8 Sleeswyk

11 Sleeswyk 1983 a 1703 b

12 John Milne Herbert-Gustar 1980 Alarm Seismoscope Milne a 2006b 2006c Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅱ ~ 500km 6 Ⅲ 134

13 2 191 Ⅲ a b c d e f g 6 a 6 b f

14 a b 2010 Milne Salsano Dewey a 6 ~ 8mm 1gal 58 ~

15 QZY Milne

16 kg 200g ~ 2mm a b

17 a 2006b 2006c ~ a ~ b 1 ~ c ~ ~ 98

18 ~ A 300 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Dewey J Byerly P1969 The early history of seismometry to 1900 Bull Seism Soc Amer ~ 227. Herbert-Gustar L K Nott P A 1980 John Milne Father of Modern Seismology. Tenterden Kent Paul Norbury Publications Ltd 1 ~ 90. Sleeswyk A W and Sivin V 1983Dragons and toads the Chinese seismoscope of A. D. 132 Chinese Science 6 1 ~ 19. Milne J Earthquakes and Other Earth MovementsLondon Kegan Paul TrenchTrubner and Co. Ltd ~ 449

19 2 197 The birth of Zhang Heng's seismoscope Feng Rui Wu Yuxia China Earthquake Networks CenterBeijing China Abstract The first seismometer in the world was invented in 132 AD by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the birth of this instrument had strongly social and historical background. For Zhang Heng's scientific ideathe present authors would like to discuss its forming process and material basis. Zhang Heng lived in a highly developing period of culture and science in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The original pursue of studying and designing such instrument in ancientness was just a quite simple desire to observe nature anomalies for future prediction. The authors in this paper review briefly the social background at that timethe academic course of Zhang Heng and the historical process of the instrument creation. The paper also analyses the seismic activities in early Eastern Han Dynastyancient ideas for earthquakeas well as scientific activities carried in the ancient observatory Ling Tai. It appears that corresponding study work of the instrument started in about 128 AD. Based on his experience Zhang Heng came to two simple and unsophisticated concepts of earthquakei. e. the quake position could be judged according to its orientation and the earthquake should be distinguished seriously from landslip. Such perceptual knowledge was very significant and made the innovation following clearly after technical requirements. The general principle of Zhang Heng's making is to imitate the objective world as much as possible. The principle of his seismoscope includes the imitated response of hanging object to earthquakethe detecting technique of triggering bolter mechanismand the recording system realized by dragons spitting a ball. Successful settlements of above three key problems in science and technique made Zhang Heng's innovation completed. The birth of Zhang Heng's seismoscope indicated the first successful use of material inertia by mankindand had positive social effects in history. Key words The birth of seismoscope Zhang Heng Ancient idea for earthquake Seismic activities in early Eastern Han Dynasty Hanging object Trigger mechanism

~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ 33 4 2014 467 478 Studies in the History of Natural Sciences Vol. 33 No. 4 2014 030006 20 20 N092 O6-092 A 1000-1224 2014 04-0467-12 200 13 Roger Bacon 1214 ~ 1292 14 Berthold Schwarz 20 Luther Carrington