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1 Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology 檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻 * ** *** Schistocerca gregaria Locusta migratoria An overview of locust pheromones LI Jia ** ZHANG Long *** Department of Entomology College of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing China Abstract Locusts have been regarded as serious agricultural pests since ancient times. Although pheromones play an important role in locust biology to date studies of locust pheromones have been mainly focused on the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria and the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. To provide a reference for further research on locust pheromones we here outline the principal findings of previous studies. Improving our understanding of locust pheromones is not only of theoretical significance but may also allow us to make use of these compounds to artificially mediate the behavior or other biological characteristics of locusts. Key words migratory locusts desert locust pheromones behavioral control IPM and Hassanali 2010 releaser 2003 Schistocerca gregaria Locusta migratoria Magor et al Simpson and primer Ferenz and Seidelmann Sword Ferenz and Seidelmann 2003 Bashir * ** teacher135@ sina. cn *** locust@ cau. edu. cn

2 Mahamat et al Ferenz and Seidelmann 2003 Luber et al Torto et al Pener and Yerushalmi 1998 Seidelmann et al Mahamat et al Schmidt and Albütz 2002 Assad 1997 Torto et al Pener and Yerushalmi 1998 Ferenz and Seidelmann 2003 Bashir and Hassanali 2010 Ferenz and Seidelmann 2003 Pener and Yerushalmi 1998 Ferenz and 1. 3 Seidelmann 2003 Anton et al Bashir and Hassanali 2010 Torto et al Pener and Yerushalmi 1998 Ferenz Inayatullah et al E Z - and Seidelmann 2003 Bashir and Hassanali Torto et al Seidelmann and Warnstorff 2001 Ferenz and Pener and Yerushalmi Seidelmann Ferenz and Seidelmann 2003 Pener and Yerushalmi 1998 Dillon Comstock-Kellog 2000 Njagi and Torto 2002 Ferenz and Seidelmann Seidelmann Loher and Ferenz 2002 Ferenz and Seidelmann 2003

3 1048 Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology 48 Fig. 1 1 Components of body volatiles of gregarious Schistocerca gregaria adults a anisole b veratrole c phenol d guaiacol e benzaldehyde f phenylacetonitrile Torto et al phenylacetonitrile veratrole Seidelmann et al Fig. 2 Color-coded maps of gregarious Schistocerca gregaria adult mature male showing the relative contribution of the body parts to the total emission of phenylacetonitrile and veratrole respectively Seidelmann et al Seidelmann et al Norris Seidelmann and Ferenz 2002 Ferenz and Seidelmann Saini Rono et al et al Rai et al Ferenz and

4 Seidelmann 2003 Niassy et al Niassy Pener and Yerushalmi 1998 Yu 2007 Norris et al L. m. manilensis L. m. migratorioides β - 3 Hassanali et al Fig. 3 3 Compounds with electrophysiological activity in fecal volatiles of Locusta migratoria manilensis a hexenal b dimethyl pyrazine c cyclohexanol d hexanal e benzaldehyde f benzyl alcohol g nonanal h trimethylcyclohex en dione i β - β - lonone Yu et al References Anton S Dufour MC Gadenne C Plasticity of

5 1050 Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology 48 olfactory-guided behaviour and its neurobiological basis lessons from moths and locusts. Entomol. Exp. Appl Assad YOH Hassanali A Torto B Mahamat H Bashir NHH Bashir SE Effects of fifth-instar volatiles on sexual maturation of adult desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. J. Chem. Ecol Bashir MO Hassanali A Novel cross-stage solitarising effect of gregarious-phase adult desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forsk l pheromone on hoppers. J. Insect Physiol Dillon RJ Vennard CT Charnley AK Exploitation of gut bacteria in the locust. Nature Ferenz HJ Seidelmann K 2003 Pheromones in relation to aggregation and reproduction in desert locusts. Physiol. Entomol Hassanali A Njagi PGN Bashir MO Chemical ecology of locusts and related acridids. Annu. Rev. Entomol Inayatullah C Bashir S Hassanali A Sexual behaviour and communication in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria sex pheromone in solitaria. Environ. Entomol Loher W The chemical acceleration of the maturation process and its hormonal control in the male of the desert locust. Proceedings of the Royal Society Luber K Wieting J Zeeck E Ferenz HJ Isolation and characterization of a volatile aromatic infochemical released by sexual maturing gregarious male desert locusts Schistocerca gregaria. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft Magor JI Lecoq M Hunter DM Preventive control and desert locust plagues. Crop Protection Mahamat H Hassanali A Odongo H Torto B El Bashir ES Studies on the maturation accelerating pheromone of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Orthoptera Acrididae. Chemoecology 4 3 / Mahamat H Hassanali A Odongo H The role of different components of the pheromone emission of mature males of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forsk l Orthoptera Acrididae in accelerating maturation of immature adults. Insect Sci. Appl Niassy A Torto B Njagi PGN Hassanali A Obeng-Ofori D Ayertey JN Intra- and interspecific aggregation responses of Locusta migratoria migratorioides and Schistocerca gregaria and a comparison of their pheromone emissions. J. Chem. Ecol Njagi PGN Torto B Evidence for a compound in Comstock-Kellog glands modulating premating behavior in male desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. J. Chem. Ecol Norris MJ Sexual maturation in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forsk l with special reference to the effects of grouping. Anti-locust Bull Norris MJ Aggregation response in ovipositing females of the desert locust with special reference to the chemical factor. J. Insect Physiol Pener MP Yerushalmi Y The physiology of locust phase polymorphism an update. J. Insect Physiol / Rai MM Hassanali A Saini RK Odongo H Kahoro H Identification of components of the oviposition aggregation pheromone of the gregarious desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. J. Insect Physiol Rono E Njagi PGN Bashir MO Hassanali A Concentration-dependent parsimonious releaser roles of gregarious male pheromone of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. J. Insect Physiol Saini RK Rai MM Hassanali A Wawiye J Odongo H Semiochemicals from froth of egg pods attract ovipositing female Schistocerca gregaria. J. Insect Physiol Schmidt GH Albütz R Sexual maturation and yellow coloration of adult males in the gregarious desert locust Schistocerca gregaria in relation to volatile emitted Caelifera Acrididae. Entomol. Gen Seidelmann K Ferenz HJ Courtship inhibition pheromone in desert locusts Schistocerca gregaria. J. Insect Physiol Seidelmann K Warnstorff K Ein kombiniertes Y-T- Olfactometer für Biotests mit gr sseren Insekten. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie Seidelmann K Weinert H Ferenz HJ Wings and legs are production sites for the desert locust courtship-inhibition pheromone phenylacetonitrile. J. Insect Physiol Simpson SJ Sword GA Locusts. Current Biology 18 9 R364 R366. Torto B Njagi PGN Hassanali A Sex pheromone studies in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forsk l

6 Orthoptera Acrididae. Proceedings of XII Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology Santiago. Torto B Njagi PGN Hassanali A Amiani H Aggregation pheromone system of nymphal gregarious desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forsk l. J. Chem. Ecol Torto B Obeng-Ofori D Njagi PGN Hassanali A Amiani H Aggregation pheromone system of adult gregarious desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forsk l. J. Chem. Ecol Yu Y Cui X Jiang Q Jin X Guo Z Zhao X Bi Y Zhang L New isoforms of odorant-binding proteins and potential semiochemicals of locusts. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol

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3 461 DNA lx PDV PDV 2 10% ~ 15% PDV PDV 1 PDV PDV PDV Tagashira PDV d 5 Co Chinese Bulletin of Entomology 2010 47 3 460 ~ 466 檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻檻 * 450002 Parasitic effects on host Plutella xylostella testes by two endoparasitoids. HE Fan BAI Su-Fen LI Xin CHAO Yun-Fei College of