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1 ISSN , CODEN RUXUEW Journal of Software, Vol.17, No.3, March 2006, pp DOI: /jos Tel/Fax: by Journal of Software. All rights reserved. +,, (, ) Component-Based Distributed Virtual Reality Application System DUAN Zuo-Yi +, WU Wei, ZHAO Qin-Ping (School of Computer Science and Engineering, BeiHang University, Beijing , China) + Corresponding author: Phn: ext 805, Fax: , duanzy@vrlab.buaa.edu.cn Duan ZY, Wu W, Zhao QP. Component-Based distributed virtual reality application system. Journal of Software, 2006,17(3): Abstract: This paper presents an approach of constructing the application system in Distributed Virtual Reality. Based on a component model of application system in which three types of the basic components are discussed, this paper first focuses on the semantic interoperability among components, and presents a Primitive-Semantic component constructing method through a semantic model to deal with the semantic interoperability while the communication protocol among components doesn t exist. It then presents a composable Distributed Virtual Reality Component-Based Architecture, including its key mechanism and algorithms. Finally the experimental result demonstrates the usability of this architecture. Key words: distributed virtual reality; component; architecture; composability; interoperability :,. 3 ;,, -, ;.. : ;;;; : TP393 : A,,, [1]. (distributed virtual environment, DVE)(distributed interactive simulation, DIS) (remote immersion, RI).,, 3D 3D /; Supported by the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No.2002CB ( (973)) Received ; Accepted

2 : 547 (runtime infrastructure),,,hla/rti(high level architecture/runtime infrastructure).,. [2 6,8].,(composable) [2],(composability).,,(interoperability),.,. [2]:. [3] :(1).,;(2).;(3). [3]. 9 [2],, :,, [2] Federate, ;,[2] Module,.[4] ModISE,, ;[5,6];[7] HLA, LP, LP, HLA,;OneSAF [8],, HLA/RTI ;Simulation Component Model(SCM) [9] OMG CCM(CORBA component model),. [4 9],.:(1) ;(2).,,, 3 ;,,-;, DVR-CA (distributed virtual reality component-based architecture).,-.,,. 1, 3. 2,,-. 3 DVR-CA,. 4 DVR-CA ,,,,.. 1. : o={a 1,a 2,,a n }. t

3 548 Journal of Software Vol.17, No.3, March 2006 t So() t = { va 1(), t va2(),..., t van()} t. 2. :, W = { o1, o2,..., o n }.:Ω={a o W a o} l,w W,l= Ω., W 3. : t Sw() t = { So 1(), t So2(),..., t Son()} t,. 4. :ϕ:i Γ, I,Γ.. 5. :σ: Γ.. 6. :ψ: 2 Ω.., 3 :, ()., :(). /,,/,.ψ,.,.,,.3, 1. World Construct construct Influence Influence Interoperability architecture Architecture Expression Fig.1 Component model 1 2.[10], [11].,,.,,.,,,., [5],, :,.

4 : ::c= f select,g,i,o, f select, f select :I G;G c, g G, g c ; I ; O., 1,,,,,,,,. 9. : c= f select c,g c,i c,o c R s ={ x,y x I c,y I c,f select c (x)= f select c (y)}. 1. c R s I c. :.,: 10. : c X Ic/ Rs[ x ] Rs, Ic/ Rs c. 11. : c x( x I ( select c g g Gc g = fc ( x))), c. c, g( g G ( select c x x Ic g = fc ( x))), c. 2. c, Ic / Rs = Gc. : x(x I c g(g G c g=f select c (x))), [x] Rs ([x] Rs I c /R s g(g G c g=f select c (x))), R={ [x] Rs, g [x] Rs I c /R s,g G c g=f select c (x)}, [ y] Rs [ x] Rs, [ x] Rs Rg, [ y] Rs Rg, g g. R, g = g, [ y] Rs = [ x] Rs.R Ic/ Rs G c.. 2,,,, (IDL), DCOM,CORBA.,. : A IA,IA o, o ; B, A.IA o, o, : B (), B o?,,,, Pos, Position. B,, B, B. HLA, FOM [12].,.,-, : c p= action,a c, action,,a,action A A, p Empty = Empty,φ,. c P c,p Empty P c, P c =n,n 1.,g g= p i,p j,,p k,, g=p i,p j,,p k. 13. : P, p P, P = n, n 1, P +. Empty : 1. P P + c.

5 550 Journal of Software Vol.17, No.3, March 2006 g=p i P j P k P Empty. :(1) P., P,;(2). : 1. p=g.first; //p 1 2. while p p Empty do do p; // p p=g.next; //p end 14. c P c g( g Gc g P + c ), c P c c, Pc set c. 3. c= f select,g,i,o P c set c, c = f select,p c,i,o, f select :I P c,p c P + c, select I =P c {P Empty }, f p Empty, c c. :: 1 P c c, c. c [] x /, select Rs I Rs g= f ([] x Rs), g = pp i j... pk (), pp i j... pk pempty c, 1, c pp i j... p k, c c [ x] Rs. P c set c, p m P c,m=i,j,,k : 3 c = f select,p c,i,o c, c p., cp. 1. 3,.,, ;,,,.,,. 16. : c [ x] Rs c = f select,g,i,o, I/ Rs = 1, G =1, + select O Pc { pempty}, O = 1, Pc set c, f ([ x] Rs) = g, g G.,. c C s. : 2. c [ x] Rs c s. c s, [ x] Rs,, cs [ x] Rs c. 2 c. Registry Inquire[x] Rs Rs Register[x] Rs Rs Cs Cs Inputx] Input[x] Rs Rs C p [x] Rs Rs <p p 1 1,p 2,,p n,p Empty Empty > Cs Cs [x] Rs [x] Rs Fig.2 Relationship between primitive component and semantic component 2 c c s C s,, c p,, c p,c p.,.-,

6 : 551.,,,., 3, P={ Draw,{m,px,py,pz,rx,ry,rz} },: ((px,py,pz))((rx,ry,rz))(draw)(m). 3 DVR-CA.,,.,.,,. 3.1 (meta-data)(meta-info) DVR-CA. DVR-CA, 3 :., 3.,DVR-CA XML, XML. Influence Components Expression Components 3D Graphics Mata-Data Manager World Construct Customized Component Multi-Model Input Primitive Semantic Semantic Semantic 3D Sound Channel Channel Component Channel Component Channel Component Network Input/Output Network Input/Output Distributed Infrastructure Runtime Fig.3 The overview of DVR-CA 3 DVR-CA DVR-CA.,.,. DVR-CA. DVR-CA, DVR-CA.. DVR-CA.:., ;.DVR-CA IV(interest value),.

7 552 Journal of Software Vol.17, No.3, March 2006 DVR-CA. (,,IV,) (,,,/,).,. 3.2 DVR-CA.: (1) IV IVTable.IVTable f IV : Set Identifier Set IV, Set Identifier,Set IV IV, f IV ; (2) ITable ={ id,i id id,i }. DVR_COM_REGISTER/DVR_COM_REGRES ; DVR_COM_UNREG/DVR_COM_ UNREGRES ; (3). i= I_descriptor,Info,I_descriptor= I_SCOPE, I_IV ; (4). c i I_descriptor c 1. i.i_descriptor.i_scope=c.i_scope; 2. i.i_descriptor.i_iv=f IV (i.info.identifier); c, Input.I_descriptor 1. if Input.I_descriptor.I_SCOPE=c.I_SCOPE then i.i_descriptor=input.i_descriptor; else i.i_descriptor.i_scope=c.i_scope; i.i_descriptor.i_iv=f IV (); end. (5) i. I _ SCOPE = I. I _ SCOPE i. I _ IV I. I _ IV _ SET i M I,i,I, im I i I. (6),. i, for t ITable do if i.i_descriptor M t.i then add t.id into DesSet; end 2. if DesSet is empty, i,; 3. for d DesSet id do i d; end.

8 : DVR-CA,, 3.2.,,,.,,, (/)., (Set,Get), Set, Get,,Get.,,, ,,,, 4, ,.,,., , , ,.., DVR-CA ;,, //(Record/Transform/Replay), DVR-CA., 4. /,,/ [13],.,,,.,,,./, DVR-CA 4 : (1),;,(Set,Get)., 3 /. DVR-CA ; (2) ;

9 554 Journal of Software Vol.17, No.3, March DMSO RTI Gateway Customized (R/T/P) DIS Gateway Customized (R/T/P) Network INput Network Output Network Input DMSO RTI Network Output Network Input DIS Network Output DMSO RTI DIS Fig.4 Channel and gateway 4 (3), DVR-CA ; (4) DVR-CA, DVR-CA DVR-CA, XML.,-.,,. DVR-CA, DVR_SYS_COMPOSE., DVR_SYS_COMPOSE,,DVR-CA,. 4,,,,,, 2.0 DMSO RTI 1.3v6 /., 4,; 1,,; 1,,. DVR-CA, 3 :,;,,I_SCOPE ;,. DVR-CA : 1.,; 2.,,,; 3.,; 4. I_SCOPE, I_SCOPE ; 5.,,/; 6.,/, HLA FOM; 7.,; 8..

10 : DVR-CA, HLA/RTI. HOST = HOST1 I_SCOPE = 1 Federate1 Tank1 HOST = HOST2 I_SCOPE = 1 Federate2 Tank1 World Construct Multi-Model Input Customized Tank Simulation 3D Graphics Primitive Semantic Component Processing Tank Object Class Semantic Component Processing Fire Interaction Class Network Input Network Output Network Input HOST = HOST3 I_SCOPE =5 Federate3 Tank2 Network Input Network Output World Construct Multi-Model Input Customized Tank Simulation 3D Graphics Primitive Semantic Component Processing Tank Object Class Semantic Component Processing Fire Interaction Class Fig.5 Typical information stream in DVR-CA 5 DVR-CA :... FOM TANK FIRE, DVR_INFO, SCOPE I_SCOPE, MESSAGE, XML. 1 2 : (1) F, Fire,; (2~3), fire, ADD fire, ; (4~5),;, ; (6) :, Federate1,,, DVR_INFO, ;, TANK FIRE ; (7) DVR_INFO Federate2, Federate2 DVR_INFO, DDM SCOPE=1; TANK FIRE Federate3; (8) Federate2 DVR_INFO (); (9) ;

11 556 Journal of Software Vol.17, No.3, March 2006 (10~17),:(x,y,z) (x,y,z ); (8 ~21 ) (10~17), Federate3. 5 : 128~4 096, , QueryPerformanceCounter(). Fig. 6 Communication experimental data in channel 6 6,, µs,, Windows XP,Pentium IV 1.7GHz,512M.,,,,,., DVR-CA,/, 0.241ms 0.247ms., 10, 2.4ms. 6 DVR-CA, 1. Table 1 Comparison among architectures 1 DVR-CA ModISE OneSAF SCM Composability in process YES YES(IE) YES NO Composability in distribution YES YES (IE) YES NO Extensibility YES YES YES YES HLA/RTI YES YES YES YES Other runtime YES YES NO YES Mixed runtime YES YES NO YES,DVR-CA (),,ModISE (IE);,DVR-CA,,OneSAF HLA/RTI;,OneSAF ;SCM,.

12 : ,-, ;,-.,DVR-CA 10 0, 10 0,. DVR-CA Grid,. DVR-CA,/, FTP,, VNC [14].,. References: [1] Zhao QP, Shen XK, Xia CH, Wang ZQ. Dvenet: A distributed virtual environment. Journal of Computer Research & Development, 1998,35(12): (in Chinese with English abstract). [2] Petty MD, Weisel EW. A composability lexicon. In: Proc. of the Spring 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop S-SIW-023. [3] Pollack RH, Baldwin R. Requirements for composing simulations: A use-case approach. In: Proc. of the Spring 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop S-SIW-013. [4] Biddle M, Perry C. An architecture for composable interoperability. In: Proc. of the Fall 2000 Simulation Interoperability Workshop F-SIW-073. [5] Petty MD, Weisel EW. A formal basis for a theory of semantic composability. In: Proc. of the Spring 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop S-SIW-054. [6] Weisel EW, Petty MD, Mielke RR. Validity of models and classes of models in semantic composability. In: Proc. of the Fall 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop F-SIW-073. [7] Huang JY. Design of plug and play simulator over distributed environment. In: Proc. of the Fall 1997 Simulation Interoperability Workshop F-SIW-014. [8] Franceschini DJ, Hawkes KR, Graffuis S. System composition in OneSAF. In: Proc. of the Spring 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop S-SIW-052. [9] Parr S, Keith-Magee R. The next stepapplying the model driven architecture to HLA. In: Proc. of the Spring 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop S-SIW-123. [10] Brown AW, Short K. On components and objects: The foundations of component based development. In: Proc. of the 5th Int l Symp. Assessment of Software Tools and Technologies. Los Alamitos: IEEE CS Press, [11] Friedrich LF, Stankovic J, Humphrey M, Marley M, Jr Haskins J. A survey of configurable, component-based operating systems for embedded applications. Micro: IEEE, 2001,21(3): [12] IEEE std , IEEE standard for modeling and simulation (M&S) high level architecture (HLA). Object Model Template (OMT) Specification [13] Duan ZY, Wu W. Research on distributed-interactive-simulation-oriented application framework. Journal of System Simulation, 2003,15(Supp.): (in Chinese with English abstract). [14] Richardson T, Stafford-Fraser Q, Wood KR, Hopper A. Virtual network computing. IEEE Internet Computing, 1998,2(1):33 38.

13 558 Journal of Software Vol.17, No.3, March 2006 : [1],,,.DVENET:.,1998,35(12): [13],..,2003,15(): (1974),,,,. (1948 ),,,,CCF,,,. (1961 ),,,,,CCF,, , The 10th China Conference on Machine Learning October 13-15, 2006, Haikou 10 CCML2006 Agent :

,,.,, : 1),,,,, 2),,,,, 3),,,,,,,,,, [6].,,, ( ),, [9], : 1), 2),,,,, 3),,, 2.,, [10].,,,,,,,,, [11]. 2.1,, [12],, ;, ; Fig. 1 1 Granular hier

,,.,, : 1),,,,, 2),,,,, 3),,,,,,,,,, [6].,,, ( ),, [9], : 1), 2),,,,, 3),,, 2.,, [10].,,,,,,,,, [11]. 2.1,, [12],, ;, ; Fig. 1 1 Granular hier 36 7 Vol. 36, No. 7 2010 7 ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA July, 2010 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2,,,,,,, DOI,,, 10.3724/SP.J.1004.2010.00923 Distributed Simulation System Hierarchical Design Model Based on Quotient Space