A60-A

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1 ISSN SARS 29

2 SARS SARS SARS SARS 1 (049) (049) submit@ .rad.gov.tw Frequently Asked Questions on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS SARS (04)

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13 (competence) McClelland 1973 American Psychologist (Testing for competence rather than for intelligence) (competency)(intelligence) Spencer & Spencer 1993 (Competence at work) Job 11

14 Competence Assessment Method, JCAM Spencer & Spencer(1993) (competence at work) ( ) Spencer & Spencer(1993) ( )(knowledge) (skill) ( )(motive) (trait) (self-concept) ( )... Spencer & Spencer(1993) 1. thinks about wants drive direct select 2. (situation) (information) : 12

15 3. (self confidence) McClelland(1973) McLagan(1996) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )? Spencer & Spencer 13

16 (1993) (Behavioral Event Interview, BEI) (Job Competence Assessment Method, JCAM) Expert Panels, EP (Observation)... JCAM BEI EP ( ) JCAM McClelland JCAM JCAM ( )BEI BEI ( ) EP : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 14

17 A Z 1~26 (knowledge) 96(hardwork) 98 (attitude) 100 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z AttitudeA 1t 20t 20i 9t 20u 21d 4e Gaynor(2002) 3M (knowledge) (skills) (characteristics) (attitudes) ( ) (knowledge) (Skills) ( ) (Characteristics): 15

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19 1. McClelland, D.C. (1973), "Testing for Competence rather than for Intelligence", American Psychologist, 28(1), pp Spencer, L.M., & Spencer, S.M.(1993). Competence at Work: Models for superior performance, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3. McLagan, P.A. (1996), "Competency models: Great ideas revisited", Training & Development, 50(1), pp (2002) : 17

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40 Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done Honeywell International Larry Bossidy Ram Charan social software 38

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44 University of Applied Administrative Studies In German this is called "Fachhochschule" Kehl Baden-Wurttemberg Baden-Wurttemberg 770 Baden-Wurttemberg 42

45 Kehl University The European Network of Training Organizations ENTO 43

46 Frequently Asked Questions on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Q1 What is SARS? A1 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was revised the name of Atypical Pneumonia by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 15 March, The main symptoms of SARS are high fever (> 38 Celsius), dry cough, shortness of breath or breathing difficulties. Changes in chest X-rays indicative of pneumonia also occur. SARS may be associated with other symptoms, including headache, muscular stiffness, loss of appetite, malaise, confusion, rash and diarrhoea. SARS? 38 X SARS Q2 How contagious is SARS? A2 Based on currently available evidence, close contact with an infected person is needed for the infective agent to spread from one person to another. Close contact appears to be required. Close contact with aerosolized droplets and bodily secretions from an infected person appears to be important. To date, the majority of cases have occurred in hospital workers who have cared for SARS patients and the close family members of these patients. 44

47 SARS? SARS Q3 How should SARS patients be managed? A3 Patients should be placed in an isolation unit. Strict respiratory and mucusol barrier nursing are recommended. It is very important that suspected cases are separated from other patients and placed in their own hospital room. Health care workers and visitors should wear efficient filter masks, goggles, aprons, head covers, and gloves when in close contact with the patient. SARS? Q4 What is the treatment for SARS? A4 While some medicines have been tried, no drug can, at this time, be recommended for prophylaxis or treatment. Antibiotics do not appear to be effective. Symptoms should be treated by adequately protected health professionals. As a result of good supportive care, some patients in Hanoi have been transferred from critical care wards to regular wards. SARS? SARS SARS Q5 How fast does SARS spread? A5 The incubation period is believed to be short, around 3-6 days. However, the speed of international travel creates a risk that cases can rapidly spread around the world. SARS? 45

48 SARSSARS Q6 Where and when was the first case of SARS reported? A6 On 26 February, a man was admitted to hospital in Hanoi with high fever, dry cough, myalgia (muscle soreness) and mild sore throat. Over the next four days he developed increasing breathing difficulties, severe thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) and signs of adult respiratory distress syndrome requiring ventilator support. SARS Q7 How many cases of SARS have been reported to date? A7 From 1 February to 18 March, 219 cases including four deaths have been reported. In the early stages the symptoms are similar to those of many diseases including influenza. Heightened awareness about the disease, and the vigilance of health authorities around the world, have resulted in a close watch for suspected cases and rapid and thorough reporting. Not all of these suspected cases may prove to be SARS. There are many reports and rumours coming in from around the world, but quite a few of these will turn out to be normal wintertime activity of diseases like influenza whose early symptoms are similar. The cumulative number of cases and deaths is continuously updated on the WHO web site. SARS 219SARS SARS SARS (WHO web site) Q8 How many countries report cases of SARS? 46

49 A8 As of 18 March, cases had been reported from nine countries. Of these, four countries have only imported cases with no documented local transmission, indicating that the disease is not spreading in these countries and residents are not at risk. SARS Q9 Does SARS cause severe complication and high fatality? A9 This illness can be severe and, due to global travel, has spread to several countries in a relatively short period of time. Therefore, there is cause for concern. However, SARS is not highly contagious when protective measures are used, and the percentage of cases that have been fatal is low. More than 90% of the cases as of 15 March are in health workers who can protect themselves through barrier nursing techniques. Around 10% of cases to date are close contacts of hospital workers and patients. (Close contact means having cared for, lived with or having had direct contact with respiratory secretions and body fluids of a person with SARS.) SARS SARS SARS SARS SARS Q10 Is it safe to travel? A10 WHO has not recommended restricting travel to any destination in the world. However, all travelers should be aware of the main symptoms and signs of SARS, as given above. People who have these symptoms and have been in close contact with a person who has been diagnosed with SARS, or have a recent history of travel to areas where cases of SARS have been spreading, should seek medical attention and inform health care staff of recent travel. Travelers who develop these symptoms are advised not to undertake further travel until fully recovered. 47

50 ? SARS SARSSARS Q11 How to protect yourself? A11 To avoid travel to areas where cases of SARS have been spreading and reported by WHO. If your travel is absolutely necessary, please avoid visit to crowed areas, hospitals and avoid contact animals. During your recent travel, you may have been exposed to cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome. You should monitor your health for at least 7 days. If you become ill with fever accompanied by cough or difficult in breathing, you should consult a physician. To help your physician make a diagnosis, tell him or her about your recent travel history and whether you were in contact with someone who had these symptoms. SARS SARS SARS Vocabulary Focus ( ) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) contagious [] a. incubation [] j n. http// 48

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