论儒学与藏传佛教在藏汉两地之间的互动传播与相互影响_刘俊哲

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1 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 2014 /02 22 DOI / j. issn 儒学与藏传佛教曾长期在藏汉两地之间进行互动传播, 彼此影响这既有政治经济宗教婚姻交通人口迁徙以及儒学和藏传佛教各自的特质等方面的根据, 又有着多种实现方式二者之间的互动传播与彼此影响不仅表现在外在的形式上, 更体现于思想文化的内容上, 且形成一种以形式为载体, 以内容为核心的互动传播和影响的结构模式其实际效用是多方面的 : 拓展了藏区藏民族和汉地各民族的思想文化视野, 丰富发展了汉地和藏区的思想文化内涵 ; 促进了藏区和汉地社会秩序的稳定 ; 增强了两地各民族之间的团结儒学 ; 藏传佛教 ; 互动传播 ; 汉藏两地 B222 A SC11A

者之间的互动传播与彼此影响不仅表现在外在的形式上, 更体现于思想文化的内容上, 且形成一种以形式为载体, 以内容为核心的互动传播和影响的结构模式其实际效用是多方面的

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9 2014 /02 22 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY A Discussion on the Spread and Influence of Confucianism and Tibetan Buddhism on Each Other in Tibetan and Han Areas LIU Junzhe Southwest University for Nationalities ChengduSichuan610041China JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGYVOL. 5NO CN /C in Chinese DOI /j. issn Abstract 1. The BasisPath and Form of the spread of Confucianism into Tibetan Areas There is a specific historical background and intrinsic necessity regarding the spread of Confucianism into Tibetan areas. 1 During the Tubo period 7th century to 877 the military and political power of the Tubo were very strong. However the development of their ideology and scientific culture was relatively weak 2 The extensive and profound ideological and cultural system contained in Confucianism was very attractive to the Tibetans 3 The similarities found in both Confucianism and Tibetan ideology was the basis for the a- doption of Confucianism by Tibetans. Through communication and exchange over a long timeconfucianism developed various ways and methods to spread into Tibetan areas and influenced the areas in various ways. As a resulta smooth path on which the Tibetans accepted the Confucianism or the Confucianism influenced the Tibetans was constructed. 2. The Content of the Confucianism that Spread into the Tibetan Areas and Its Influences In discussing the spread of the Confucianism classics into Tibetan areaswe should note that Princess Wenchengand Princess Jincheng brought many Confucianism classics into the Tibetan areas when they were married to the King of Tibet. In additionwe should mention the Tibetan translations of Confucianist classics found in the sutra cave at Dunhuang. It is worth of noting here that the influence of Confucianism on the Tibetans was basically reflected in secular politicsphilosophical conceptsethics and morality as well as in daily life. 3. The Legality of the Spread of Tibetan Ideology and its influence in Han areas and Methods through which this was Realized The relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism was one of mutual interactionthat is while the Confucianism spread to and influenced the TibetansTibetan Buddhism also spread and influenced the Han and other nationalities. Tibetan Buddhism s spread to and influence on the Han area was realized through various methods. For instance the Tibetan monks who had official positions in the central court spread Tibetan ideology and in doing soinfluenced Han officials as well as the general public. Some Han monks learned Tibetanand translated some Tibetan Buddhist classics into Chinese. Some famous Buddhist temples were built in the capital of the imperial court and in doing so spread knowledge of Tibetan Buddhism. The above mentioned policies or actions made many officials on various levelsand a lot of ordinary peopleconvert to Tibetan Buddhism. Thus the spread of Tibetan Buddhism into the Han areas was large - scale and had a wide influence. 4. The Main Content of the Tibetan Buddhism which Spread into the Han Areas and Its function The content of the Tibetan Buddhism which spread into the Han areas was very rich. The influence of Tibetan Buddhism in Han areas was like a double - edge sword. On one handit brought a positive influence for instance it was good for the communication and interaction between Tibetan Buddhism and Chinese BuddhismConfucianism 115

The BasisPath and Form of the spread of Confucianism into Tibetan Areas There is a specific historical background and intrinsic necessity regarding the spread of Confucianism into Tibetan areas.

10 JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY 2014 /02 22 Taoism and other cultures in central China and as such further developed them through interaction and mutual influence. On the other handtibetan Buddhism also brought some negative influences. For instancethe Buddhist negative concept of retrating from the world would eliminate the people s spirit of struggle when they needed to fight for their survival rights in the traditional society. 5. The Tibetan People s InterpretationAdoption and Creative Transformation of Confucianism The influence of Confucianism on Tibetans was reflected in various aspects. Firstly it was reflected in the Tibetan scholars understanding and interpretation of Confucian ideas secondlyit was reflected in the Tibetan people s direct importation and adoption of Confucian ideas into their own philosophical culture thirdlyit was reflected in the fact that the Tibetan people s adoption of the Confucian ideas was based on a selection and creative transformation. The Tibetan people s adoption and innovation of the Confucian view on politics lifeand morality can also be observed in the Sakya Motto written by Sakya Pandita. It is true that the adoption of Confucian morality and the concept of governance as reflected in the Sakya Motto made a positive contribution to the ruling of Tibetan traditional society and social orderas well as to the promotion of the moral level of Tibetans. Key Words Confucianism Tibetan Buddhism spreading influence References Chen LinshuChen Xia. zongjiaoxue yuanli Principle of Religious Studies M. Beijing zongjiao wenhua chubanshe1999. Chen XiangminLiu TaixiangGuo Peiling. wujing sishu quanyi The Translation and Annotation of the Four Books and Five Classics Vol. 1 M. Zhengzhou zhongzhou guji chubanshe2000. Editorial Department of Tibet Studies. xizhao tuluexizang tukao Geography of Tibet M. Lhasa Xizang renmin chubanshe1982. Lai Yonghai. huineng yu zhongguo fojiao de ruxuehua Huineng and the Confucianism of Chinese Buddhism A/ /liuzu zhineng sixiang yanjiu Huineng yu linnan wenhua guoji xueshu yantaohui lunwenji A Collection of Thesis from International Seminor on Huineng and Lingnan Culture M. Guangzhou xueshu yanjiu zazhishe1997. Ou YangxiuSong Qi Song. xin tangshu New Book of the Tang Vol. 19 M. Beijing zhonghua shuju1975. Quan Tangshi Poems in the Tang Period Vol. 21 M. Beijing zhonghua shuju Sakya Pandita. sajia geyan Sakya Motto M. Wang Yaotransl. Beijing dangdai zhongguo chubanshe2012. Wang Qinruoet. al. Northern Song chefu yuangui Vol. 12 M. Beijing zhonghua shuju1960. Wu FengpeiZeng Guoqing. qingdai zhuzang dachen zhuan Ministers in Tibet in the Qing Period M. Lhasa Xizang renmin chubanshe1988. Yu ShilinLiu JunzheLi Yuanguang. rujia lunli sixiang yu zangzu chuantong shehui Confucianist Moral Thought and Tibetan Traditional Society M. Beijing minzu chubanshe2007. Zhao Gaiping. yuanming shiqi zangchuan fojiao zai neidi de fazhan ji yingxiang The Development and Influence of Tibetan Buddhism in Inland China During the Yuan and Ming Periods M Beijing zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe

For instancethe Buddhist negative concept of retrating from the world would eliminate the people s spirit of struggle when they needed to fight for their survival rights in the traditional society. 5.

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~ ~ ~ 36 4 2015 385 ~ 397 The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology Vol. 36 No. 4 2015 1951 ~ 1956 100049 100190 1951 ~ 1966 1951 ~ 1956 N092 P62-092 A 1673-1441 2015 04-0385-13 1951 ~ 1966