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3 1998 Directive of Settlement Finality 1 2

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6 / ISP ASP format) 5

7 / / 6

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11 A B B A 10

12 5 11

13 7 rule 12

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15 14

16 (trilogy) 15

17 1 2 ( ) (ownership) central bank-owned systems) 16

18 RTGS DNS (FSA) 17

19 : / (RTGS)( ) (DNS)( ) ( ) Source: 18

20 (payment float) (debit float) (credit float) (interest-free loan) ( ) (giro) (fund s availability schedule) 19

21 (liquidity policy) (pre-warning signals) CPSS

22 (universal banking) (book entries) ( ) (incomplete 21

23 contract) (default rules) 22

24 GDP GDP Fedwire 1.Currency 1.Fedwire 1.DTCC 2.CHIPS 2.Checks 2.CHIPS 2.NSCC 3.Commercial banks 3.Commercial banks 3.FXNet 3.FRS securities 9 ACH: Automated Clearing 4.Credit Houses card 4.CLS 4.GSCC ATM: Automated Teller 5.ATM/POS Machine 5.Correspondent 5.Clearinghouse for POS: Point of Sale CHIPS: Clearing House Inter-bank Networks Payment System banks Futures exchanges DTCC: Depository Trust 6.ACH and Clearing Corporation 6.Commercial banks NSCC: National Securities Clearing Corporation FRS security: Federal Reserve 7.E-commerce Service Securities system GSCC: Government Securities Clearing Corporation 23

25 ATM POS Fedwire CHIPS DTC NSCC FRS ( ),392 24

26 b. Frd. N.Y. Payment System Course,. NSCC Fedwire CHIPS Fedwire Fedwire RTGS E J UCC2B UCC3 UCC4A UCC8 (BIS) RTGS 25

27 Monetary Control Act, 1980) 1996 BHCs) 26

28 1/3 2/5 ( ) 1996 BHCs ( ) (1) ` (2) (3) (4) =(2)-(3) (5) (6) =(4)-(5) (7) =(1)+(6) : Federal Reserve Bank, New York. ( ) (1) (2) (3) 27

29 (4) (5) (tradeoff) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 28

30 financial (e-bank) (e-bill) (1) ( ) ( ) ( ACH) (2) 29

31 10 11 E J CC UCC UCC2B 1992 UCC4A 12 (choice of law) (conflict of law) (DNS) (RTGS) DNS (hybrid)

32 CHIPS 2001 DNS Hybrid RTGS (intraday finality) DNS (low liquidity demand) 1996 G-10 (Allsopp Reports) 13 (Continuous Linkage System CLS) 1997 CLS 2001 (payment-vs-payment) CLS RTGS Fedwire SWIFT 13 Allsopp Report G-10, 31

33 T+1 (replacement cost) FRS (Delivery-vs-Payment) BIS RTGS T+3 32

34 UCC UCC4A (Funds Transfers) 1990 (deposit accounts) 14 (consumer accounts) 4A-108 (consumer exclusion) (Electronic Funds Transfer Act 1978 EFTA) E UCC4A (credit transfer) (payment order) (sender) (beneficiary) UCC4A UCC3 UCC4A UNCITRAL Model Law,

35 UCC4A UCC4 UCC4A ( ) ( ) 15 ( ) ( ) (book entry) ( Fedwire CHIPS) 15 34

36 ( ) UCC4A (acceptance) (execution) (payment) (creditor process) ( ) UCC4A Fedwire CHIPS SWIFT telex book (automatic clearinghouse) (rules) UCC4A (1) 35

37 (a) ( ) (b) (c) ( ) ( 4A-103, 4A-106) ( ) ( 4A-405,406) ( ) 4A-403) ( 4A-202,302) ( 4A-403) : (2) 36

38 (originator) UCC4A (Credit Transfer) #1 #2 #3 # #1 #2 #1 #1 #2 #3 #2 #3 #4 37

39 (originator s bank) (intermediary bank) (4A-302,403) (beneficiary s bank) (4A-404,405) (4A-406) UCC4A ( ) (4A- 38

40 205,207,208) ( )(4A-303) (4A-210,211) (4A-304) (4A-305) wire transfer) (finality) (closeout) netting) (creditor process) 39

41 ? 16 (open position) 1998 (settlement finality directive)

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43 UCC4A 42

44 ATM POS ( ) NII 43

45 ATM POS (Girovertrag) 21 UCC4A booking) 21 44

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47 1998 Settlement Finality Directive 46

48 Fedwire E J (1) (2) 47

49 (3) (4) (5) (1) (p-v-p) (2) (d-v-p) (3) RTGS (4) 48

50 UCC4A 1998 UCC2B

51 Thomas C. Baxter, Jr. and Stephanie Heller, The ABCs of the UCC, Article 4A : Funds Transfer, American Bar Ass n Joseph H. Somer, A Law of Financial Accounts : Modern Payment and Securities Transfer Law 53, The Business Lawyer Maxwell J. Fry, Isaack Kilato, Sandra Roger and et., Payment System in Global Perspective, Routledge Int l Study in Money and Bank Omotunde E.G. Johnson, Richard K. Abrams and et., Payment System, Monetary Policy, and therole of Central Bank, IMF Bruce J. Summers, The Payment System : Design, Management, and Supervision, IMF CPSS, The Core Principles for Systemically Important Payment System Part 2, The Implementation, BIS Basel

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