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1 Ξ : 100? (Pragmatism) pragma (Daniel Kahneman ) (Amos Tversky ) Ξ : : ( ) : :

2 (1971) : (1972) : (1973) : (1979) (1986) (1992) 2001 (Mathew Rabin) ;2002 ( 1996 ) 19 (Vilfredo Pareto ) 1776 : 3 : ; ; 3 (Richard Posner) : : 11 (Framing Effect) ( Pseudocertainty effect) [ ]Sendhi mulainathan Richard H. Thaler : http :/ / jrxy. znufe. edu. cn/ kycg/ w12. doc : ( ) [ ] : ( ) See Richard A. Posner Rational Choice Behavioral Economics and the Law In 50(1998) Stanford Law Review p

3 600 : (1) 200 ; (2) 1/ / 3 : (3) 400 ; (4) 1/ 3 2/ (1) (3) (2) (4) (1) (4) 21 ( Psychological Account) 1985 ( Richard. H. Thaler) (Representativeness heuristic) ; 41 (Hyperbolic discounting) (Status quo bias) 61 (Loss aversion) 71 (Availability heuristic) (Anecdote - driven) See Pseudocertainty effect http :/ / encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/ pseudocertainty + effect : : : : : :

4 81 (Hindsight bias) 91 (Sunk cost fallacy) 40 : 40 ; ( Endowment effect) (WTP) (WTA) 1981 (Reverse Mortgages) ; See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics In 50(1998) Stanford Law Re2 view p : : See sunk cost http :/ / encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/ sunk %20costs See Endowment effect http :/ / encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/ Endowment %20effect See Steffen Huck Georg Kirchsteiger Learning to Like What You Have - Explaining the Endowment Effect http :/ / ideas. repec. org/ a/ ecj/ econjl/ v115y2005i505p html http :/ / encyclopedia. thefreedictionary. com/ list + of + cognitive + biases

5 (Cognitive faculties) (Rules of thumb) : (1) ; ; (2) (Cravings) - ; : ; (3) (Multiple Selves) ; ( Gary S. Becker 1930 ) ; ( Ithaca) : ; See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler Theories and Tropes : A Reply to Posner and Kelman In 50 (1998) Stanford Law Review p [ ]Sendhi Mulainathan Richard H. Thaler : http :/ / jrxy. znufe. edu. cn/ kycg/ w12. doc See Eric A. Posner New Perspectives and Legal Implications : the Jurisprudence of Greed In 151 (2003) University of Pennsylvania Law Review p See Richard A. Posner Rational Choice Behavioral Economics and the Law In 50(1998) Stanford Law Review p : : See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics In 50(1998) Stanford Law Re2 view p See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics In 50(1998) Stanford Law Re2 view p

6 % 211 % 4717 % 4. 2 (Ultimatum game) ; ; ; (Christine M. Jolls) (Cass R. Sunstein) 50 (A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics) (Behav2 ioral Law and Economics) (Real People) 3 ( ) : ( Positive Analyze) ; ( Prescriptive Analyze) 8 See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics In 50(1998) Stanford Law Re2 view p : : http :/ / / santafe/ showthread. php? p = See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics In 50 (1998) Stanford Law Review pp. 1476ss. : : : :

7 ; (Normative Analyze) (Rational Choice Behavioral Economics and the Law) : ; ; ; ; 3 ; ; See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics In 50 (1998) Stanford Law Review p See Richard A. Posner Rational Choice Behavioral Economics and the Law In 50(1998) Stanford Law Review pp. 1551ss. [ ] : See Richard A. Posner Rational Choice Behavioral Economics and the Law In 50(1998) Stanford Law Review p : http :/ / neuro - economics. org/ what/ cn

8 : ; ( Karl Popper) ; ; (Mark Kelman) : (Behavioral Economics as Part of a Rhetorical Duet :A Response to Jolls Sunstein and Thaler) : ; ; ; : ( Theories and Tropes : A Re2 ply to Posner and Kelman) 3 (Sufficiency bias) :? See Richard A. Posner Rational Choice Behavioral Economics and the Law In 50(1998) Stanford Law Review p See Richard A. Posner Rational Choice Behavioral Economics and the Law In 50(1998) Stanford Law Review p See Mark Kelman Behavioral Economics as Part of a Rhetorical Duet :A Response to Jolls Sunstein and Thaler In 50(1998) Stan2 ford Law Review p See Mark Kelman Behavioral Economics as Part of a Rhetorical Duet :A Response to Jolls Sunstein and Thaler In 50(1998) Stan2 ford Law Review pp. 1580s. 10

9 17 17 ( Gustav Radbruch ) ; ; ; ( ) ( ) See Christine Jolls Cass R. Sunstein Richard Thaler Theories and Tropes : A Reply to Posner and Kelman In 50 (1998) Stanford Law Review pp [ ] : : [ ] : http :/ / www. gongfa. com/ ladebuluhefalvshangren. htm [ ] : : ( 8 )

10 (John Stuart Mill ) ; ( ) : ( ) ; ( 3 3 ) (Asymmetric paternalism) [ ] :

11 (Paternalism) (Legal paternalism) ; ( Gerald Dworkin) 16 : (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; (6) ( ) ; (7) ; (8) ; (9) ; (10) ; (11) ; (12) ( ) ; (13) ; (14) ; (15) ; (16) ( Eyal Zamir) % % ; 16 See Colin Camerer Samuel Issacharoff George Loewenstein Ted OπDonoghue and Matthew Rabin Regulation for Conservatives : Behavioral Economics and the Case for Asymmetric Paternalism In 151(2003) University of Pennsylvania Law Review p [ ] : ( ) : http :/ / www. cmuh. org. tw/ HTML/ dept/ 1r00-1/ recognize/ recignize-p3. htm : See Eyal Zamir The Efficiency of Paternalism In 84(1998) Virginia Law Review p : :

12 ;19 80 (Bill of sale) ; ( ) 5 [ ] : (Rolf Kn tel) (Alejandro Guzman Brito) See PS. Atiyah The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract Oxford University Press 1979 p. 66. See PS. Atiyah The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract Oxford University Press 1979 p See Eyal Zamir The Efficiency of Paternalism In 84(1998) Virginia Law Review p : http :/ / www. jus. cn/ include/ shownews. asp? newsid = : [ ] : ( 1 )

13 (Caveat emptor) : Chandelor Lopus 100 Chandelor Lopus : ;? ; ; (Asymmetric paternalism for conservatives) : ; (Heavy - handed paternalism) : ( 5 ) 2006 See PS. Atiyah The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract Oxford University Press 1979 p See Patrick Atiyah The Rise and Down of the Freedom of Contract Oxford University Press 1979 p : [ ] : ( ) See Colin Camerer Samuel Issacharoff George Loewenstein Ted OπDonoghue and Matthew Rabin Regulation for Conservatives : Behavioral Economics and the Case for Asymmetric Paternalism In 151(2003) University of Pennsylvania Law Review pp

14 ? ; ( ) : (Leon Wal2 ras ) ; (John R. Hicks ) (Paul A. Samuelson ) ; ( Kenneth J. Ar2 row ) ( Gerard Debreu ) ; X (1779 ) : ( )

15 ; : ; : :

Microsoft Word - 试评卡尼曼经济心理学研究及其影响.docx

Microsoft Word - 试评卡尼曼经济心理学研究及其影响.docx 文章引用地址 : 本文已经在公共刊物或者安人公司内部发表, 如果作为参考文献引用, 请使用以下文献地址 : 阳志平, 时勘, 王薇, 试评觊尼曼经济心理学研究及其影响, 心理科学,2003(04),P150-152 试评卡尼曼经济心理学研究及其影响