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1 Tribune o f Po litica l Science a nd Law Vol. 28, No. 1 Jan :,,,,, ;,,,, : ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ),,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,,, 3 ( : 08AJY037) :

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2 4 2010,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 13 : 12,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ),, [ 1 ] ( P138-39), 4 13, [ 2 ] ( P129), 4,,,,,,,,? 20, ;, 13,,,,??,?,,,,,?,, :, ;, ; Impact A ssessment Guidlines SEC ( 2009) 92,

3 1 : 5 12,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 3 : ; ;,,,,,,?,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , 25-27,,,, :, ,,, 57, :,

4 6 2010,,,,,,,?,,,, [ 3 ],,, ( ),,, ( ) 1999, ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21,,,,,,, :, Einer Elhauge, W hy Above - Cost Price Cuts To D rive Out Entrants A re Not Predatory and the Imp lications for Defining Costs and Market Power, THE YALE LAW JOURNAL, 2003, Vol. 112, No. 4. Einer Elhauge,?, Landes and Posner, ;, 90%, 60-64%, 33% Einer Elhauge, Defining Better Monopolization Standards, STANFORD LAW REV IEW, 2003, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp ,,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,, :, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,

Cuts To D rive Out Entrants A re Not Predatory and the Imp lications for Defining Costs and Market Power, THE YALE LAW JOURNAL,

5 1 : 7,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 4 ] ( P115),, [ 5 ] ( P ),,,,,, 2004,?????,,, :,, 60, 30, , ,,,,,,,,,,, 33%, 40%, 60%,,,,,, ,,,,, GDP 10%, 22%,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( 1) (2) (3) ( 4), :, ( ),,,,,, :,

????,,, :,, 60, 30, 1992 2004 12, 2002 7,,,,,,,,,,, 33%,

6 8 2010,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, [ 6 ] ( P ) :,, 2005 :, 42 : 142 :, :,,,,,,, ,, :, 1999,, [ 7 ] ( P152-53), W TO,,, [ 8 ] ( P145-47), ,,,,,, Schwarcz, Steven L,, Sys2 tem ic R isk, CDS A B, B,, A B,,,, Schwarcz, Steven L., System ic R isk, THE GEORGETOWN LAW JOURNAL, 2008, Vol. 97, No. 8, pp

2000 2,,,,,, Schwarcz, Steven L,, Sys2 tem ic R isk, CDS A B, B,, A B,,,,

7 1 : 9,,,,,,, 2003,, 21, 2004 ( ),,,,,,,,,, ,, , 70%,,,, 500, ,,,,?,???,?, , Glass - Steagall Act ( ),, 1999 Gramm - Leach - B liley Act of 1999 ( ),, 66, ,,,,,,,, ;,,,, :, ,,, :, ,,,,, ;,,, ;,, 1999 : 66,

70%,,,, 500, 2008 4,,,,?,???,?, 1929 1932, Glass - Steagall Act ( ),,

8 ,,,,, ( ),,, (market failure),, ;,, ;, ;,,, ( OECD ) (Cost - benefit analysis),, (R ichard H. Pildes) (Cass Sunstein) (Matthew Adlert) ( Eric A. Posner),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (Cost - effectiveness analysis),,,,,, U len, Thomas S,,, U len, Thomas S, A No2 bel Prize in Legal Science: Theory, Emp irical Work, and the Scientific Method in the Study of Law, University of Illinois Law Review, VOL. 2002, No. 4, pp Executive O rder 12291: Task Force on Regulatory Relief,, ; 1993 Executive O rder 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review,, Federal Register, Vol. 58, No. 190, October 4, 1993; 12866, 2007 Executive O rder 13422: Further Amendment to Executive O rder on Regulatory Planning and Review, Federal Register, Presidential Documents, Vol. 72, No. 14, January 23, 2007; , : Regulatory Review, Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies,,, (OMB), Federal Register, Presidential Documents, The President, Memorandum of January 30, 2009, Vol. 74, No. 21, February 3, 200,,, 2005, 2006, Impact A ssessment Guidelines, European Comm ission, SEC ( 2009) 92 ( OECD ),, OECD, OECD1997 Regulatory Impact Analysis, Best Practice in OECD Countries, Paris, 1997; OECD 2008 Building an Institutional Framework for Regulatory Im2 pact Analysis (R IA) : Guidance for PolicyMakers Version 1. 1, Paris, R ichard H. Pildes and Cass R. Sunstein, Reinventing The Regulatory State, University of Chicago Law Review, 1995, Vol. 62, No1, pp ; Adlert, Matthew D. and Posner Eric A., Rethinking Cost - Benefit Analysis, THE YALE LAW JOURNAL, 1999, Vol. 109, No. 2, pp

Law, University of Illinois Law Review, VOL. 2002, No. 4, pp875-896.

9 1 : 11, (W illing to Pay), (Accep ted to Pay),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( Frank),,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Sunstein, Cass R, L ives, L ife - Years, and W illingness to Pay, COLUMB IA LAW REV IEW, 2004, Vol. 104, No. 1, pp Frank, Robert H. and Sunstein, Cass R ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ), Frank, Robert H. and Sunstein, Cass R, Cost - Benefit Analysis and Relative Position, THE UN IVERSITY OF CH ICAGO LAW REV IEW, 2001, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp

REV IEW, 2004, Vol. 104, No. 1, pp. 205-252. Frank, Robert H. and Sunstein, Cass R ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ), Frank, Robert H.

10 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, (,, 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Sunstein Cass R., and A rden Rowell, On D iscounting Regulatory Benefits: R isk, Money, and Intergenerational Equity, THE UN IVER2 SITY OF CH ICAGO LAW REV IEW, 2007, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp Sunstein, Cass R 104,,,,,, -, ( ),, Sunstein, Cass R, Congress, Constitutional Mo2 ments, and the Cost - benefit State, STANFORD LAW REV IEW, 1996, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp

IVER2 SITY OF CH ICAGO LAW REV IEW, 2007, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 171-208.

11 1 : 13,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Posner, Eric A,,,,,, Posner, Eric A, Controlling Agencies with Cost - Benefit Analysis: A Positive Political Theory Perspective, THE UN IVERSITY OF CH ICAGO LAW REV IEW, 2001, Vol. 68, No. 4, pp Posner, Eric A., 2002, U sing Net Benefit Accounts to D iscip line Agencies: A Thought Experiment, UN IVERSITY OF PENNSYLVA2 N IA LAW REV IEW, 2002, Vol. 150, No. 5, pp Hahn, RobertW., and Sunstein, Cass R, O IRA,, Hahn, RobertW., and Sun2 stein, Cass R, A New Executive O rder for Imp roving Federal Regulation? Deeper and W ider Cost Benefit Analysis, UN IVERSITY OF PENNSYL2 VAN IA LAW REV IEW, 2002, Vol. 150, No. 5, pp

, 2002, U sing Net Benefit Accounts to D iscip line Agencies: A Thought Experiment, UN IVERSITY OF PENNSYLVA2 N IA LAW REV IEW, 2002, Vol. 150, No. 5, pp. 1473-1488. Hahn, RobertW.

12 ,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, :,

13 1 : 15,,,,,,, ( ),, 17,,, 2005,,,,,,,,, ; 22,,,,, ,,, , 1979, ; , 1988, ( ) 2005,, 20,,, 24,,, 19 :, 2008, Coffee, JR, John C, Law and the Market: The Impact of Enforcement, UN IVERSITY OF PENNSYLVAN IA LAW REV IEW, 2007, Vol. 156, No. 2, pp , :,, 22 :,, , ;,

Market: The Impact of Enforcement, UN IVERSITY OF PENNSYLVAN IA LAW REV IEW, 2007,

14 ,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

15 1 : 17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;,, ( ),,,, :, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, M ichael H issam, The Impact of Executive O rder on Presidential Oversight of Agency Adm inistration, THE GEORGE WASH ING2 TON LAW REV IEW, 2008, Vol. 76 No. 5. RobertW. Hahn, Robert E. L itan, RobertW. Hahn, Robert E. L itan, Counting Regulatory Costs and Benefits: Lessons for the U. S. and Europe, JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOM ICS LAW, 2005, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp OECD, Regulatory Impact Analysis: Best Practices in OECD Countries, OECD, Paris, 1997; Building an Institutional Framework for Regulatory Impact Analysis (R IA) : Guidance for PolicyMakers, OECD, Paris, 2008.

L itan, RobertW. Hahn, Robert E. L itan, Counting Regulatory Costs and Benefits: Lessons for the U. S. and Europe, JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOM ICS LAW, 2005, Vol. 8, No.

16 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, : [ 1 ] :, [ 2 ] :, [ 3 ], [ 4 ] :, [ 5 ] :, [ 6 ] : , [ 7 ] :, [ 8 ] :, ( ) Matthew C. Stephenson, Legislative A llocation of Delegated Power: Uncertainty, R isk, and The Choice Between Agencies and Courts, HARVARD LAW REV IEW, 2006, Vol. 119, No. 4, pp , : :,

22 政法论坛 ( 一 ) 制约社会保险法的三个重要约束条件 B

22 政法论坛 ( 一 ) 制约社会保险法的三个重要约束条件 B 31 1 2013 01 政法论坛 Tribune of Political Science and Law Vol. 31 No. 1 Jan. 2013 * 席涛 10 51. 8% 1 2008 2 1997 26 2005 38 2009 32 1997 26 2005 38 作者简介 : 席涛, 中国政法大学法和经济学研究中心教授, 博士