南華大學數位論文

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1 Understanding the Meanings of Terminal Patients Use of Religious Symbols: A Hermeneutic-Phenomenological Study

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6 Understanding the Meanings of Terminal Patients Use of Religious Symbols: A Hermeneutic-Phenomenological Study Abstract The aim of the thesis is to apply hermeneutic-phenomenological method into the research of the various meanings reflective of terminal patients use of religious symbols. The main process of this research includes presencing, hermeneutic circling, structure forming and meaning inducing. Based on the phenomenological reflections of the care experience of four patients, we conclude the three aspects of meaning involved: 1 secular meanings, such as, to improve physical symptoms, to reduce mental stress, to feel much better, and so on.2substitutive meanings, such as, religious symbols acted as therapeutic objects, ethical/ feeling objects, mediate objects.3ultimate meanings that come from transcending of the world as a whole, such as, symbols in relation to personal encounter with the holy. The research outcomes may supplement some new perspectives for clinical caregivers in face of various situations. It also makes us to reappraise of the timing to use the faith therapy in terminal care. Key word: Terminal patient, Religious symbol, Holistic palliative care, Hermeneutic phenomenology

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11 Reed, 1992 mortality non-being 2001a 2001

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14 5 Terminal Patient Symbols Religious Symbols Brain Morris 1887

15 Meaning 2001a 2001b 160 6

16 Kasterernbaum Aisenberg1972 Ladislaus Boros Death is a Fundamental Modality of Living Concrete Existence 1997Lair1996 Carson will emotionintellect moral sense spirit

17 Kubler Ross 2000 / Sorensen Luckmann Lair

18 Raleigh Wass Neimeyer O Brien

19 Burkhardt unfolding mystery harmonious interconnectedness inner strength spiritual well-being spiritual pain

20 11 becoming ego reality whole conscious

21 12 self-surrender 2001 near-death experience Ring parapsychology extra-sensory perceptionesp apparitions out-of-body experiences reincarnation

22 13 experiences paranormal phenomenon mental map world view transpersonal psychology 2001a 2001b Maslow

23 14 paranormal consciousness everyday consciousness Jung archetype synchronicity a reality Morris, B., 1887 psyche is image

24 15 Jung,C.G., symbol symbol symb lle n ambiguity symptom-hiding truth-proclaimingslipper

25 Tremmel, W. C., Morris, B., 1887 Tremmel, W. C., Hick, J local symbol archetypal symbol real symbol 16

26 order of splendor Hick, J., 1991 Nathan Soderblom Durkheim James Otto the Holy

27 Durkheim exegetical 2 operational 3 positional Morris, B Eliade Jung

28 Eliade, M., 2000 Jung, C.G., Sphinx

29 Jung, C.G., Eliade, M., Jung, C.G., Eliade, M., 2000Jung, C.G., Jung, C.G.,

30 21 care look after caring care about care of 2001 nursing 2000c b reality 2001

31 Lutzen Nordin 2000b 2000a 2001 Lair1996Counseling the Terminally Ill: Sharing the Journey Holistic palliative care 2 interdisciplinary model 22

32 23 healing b

33 24 rite of passage Eliade, M., Weisman Wass & Neimeyer,1995Kastenbaum1991

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37 28 Neuman, W. L., 2000

38 29 Husserl Sartre Heidegger Ricoeur 2001a 2001Eliade, M., description 2. reduction epoche bracketing existence meaning 2001b 205

39 3. essence type or genus 4. intentionality 5. lived world empathy what how hermeneutics Hermes hermeneutic theosophy expression interpretationtranslation 30

40 31 Neuman, W. L., Reeder hermeneutic cycle Schleiermacher Delthey Heidegger Gadamer Ricocur grammatical psychological text empathy life-in-the world horizon

41 being Hermeneutic Phenomenology 2001 Phaenomenologie des Daseins Hermeneutik des Daseins dasein Dasein Dasein sein Dasein dasein darlegen a 32

42 verstehen auslegung 2001a

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94 unconscious preconscious unexpressed conscious expressed conscious intimate society and culture operative society and culture wider society and culture outer world

96 being knowing doing 1994

97 sense-data immediate given

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106 Roberto Assagioli

107 98 Tremmel, W. C.,

108 Fromm

109 100 William James 1997 something more Tremmel, W. C.,

110 101 being 2003 Great Nest of Being reality Ken Wilber,

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112 103 Tremmel, W. C., Rudolf Otto The numinous.

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114 105 VS 1999 VS

115 VS 2002 world time internal time

116 107 the consciousness of internal time 20..

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119 2001 multi-dimensional

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123 the Romantic movement 19 the Symbolist movement Tremmel, W. 114

124 115 C., Morris, B., Morris, B., Morris, B., 1887 Freud Jung libido

125 Morris, B., 1887 alchemy mandala 1999Jung, C.G., Morris, B., 1887 Durkherm Morris, B.,

126 hierophany Morris, B., 1887 Slipper sensuous art 1920 surrealism

127 Jung, C. G.,

128 119 symbols of containment symbols of liberation unification 3.

129 120 the spirit existential value Leach Wills Sperber Turner Morris, B.,

130 121 Eliade,M., 2000 anima animus sensation thinking feeling intuition Jung, C.G., Morris, B., 1887

131 122 1 Eliade,M., 2000Jung, C.G., Morris, B., 1887 Eliade,M., ????

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133 2001Morris, B., 1887 Eliade,M., Eliade, M., Eliade, M., Eliade, M., Jung, C. G., Eliade, M.,

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137 2001Eliade, M., 2000 Jung, C. G., Jung, C. G., Eliade, M.,

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142 b Austin, J. L., 1997 Sense and Sensibilia Brain, M., 1887

143 Eliade, M., The Sacred & The Profane: The Nature of Religion Hegel, G. W., 1978 Hegel, G. W., 1983 Heidegger, M., 1994 Hick, J., 1991 Hopcke, R. H., 1997 A Guided Tour of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung Jung, C.G., 2001 Man and His Symbols Ken Wilber The Marriage of Sense And Soul Neuman, W. L., Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches Sokolowski, R., 2002 Introduction to phenomenology Stein, M., 1999 Jung s Map of the Soul: an introduction Tremmel, W. C., 1997 Religion: What is it Viktor, E. F., 1998 Man s search for meaning: An introduction to 134

144 logotherapy /3/ /8/ /5/ /7/ /7/ /02/ /7/ /02/ /7/

145 /04/ /04/08 ht /12/ /7/ /5/ b /05/ Slipper 2002/7/

146 Kastenbaum, R Death, Society, and Human Experience (4 th ed.). New York: Macmillan. Kastenbaum, R., & Aisenberg, R The Psychology of Death. New York: Springer Publishing Company. Lair, G. S.1996.Counseling the Terminally Ill: Sharing the Journey. America: Taylor & Francis. Reed, P.G An Emerging Paradigm for the Investigation of Spirituality in Nursing. Research in Nursing & Health, 15, Siebold, C The Hospice Movement easing Death s Pains. New York: Twayne publishers. Wass, H., & Neimeyer, R. A Dying: Facing the Facts. 3th.Washington: Taylor & Francis. Wulff, M. D Psychology of Religion Classic and Contemporary. pp american: John Wiley& sons. 137

中國文哲研究集刊第三十二期因為社會自我 (social ego) 的實現其實是建構在泛化的他人之網絡中在人們的集體形塑和規訓下所內化而成的角色認同和扮演如社會心理學家米德 (George H. Mead) 所言這個有組織的共同體或社會群體使該個體的自我獲得統一可以稱它為泛

中國文哲研究集刊第三十二期因為社會自我 (social ego) 的實現其實是建構在泛化的他人之網絡中在人們的集體形塑和規訓下所內化而成的角色認同和扮演如社會心理學家米德 (George H. Mead) 所言這個有組織的共同體或社會群體使該個體的自我獲得統一可以稱它為泛中國文哲研究集刊 00 年月第三十二期頁 0 中央研究院中國文哲研究所桃花源記并詩的神話心理學詮釋陶淵明的道家式樂園新探賴錫三中正大學中國文學系副教授一前言陶淵明詩文中的老靈魂性格與神話傾向陶淵明的性格一言蔽之是典型的老靈魂老靈魂意指一種追求本真的生命階段或存在狀態雖然這和年齡沒有絕對的必然關係但通常會發生在人生的中晚年階段當人步向遲暮之際心靈底層會生發一種帶有超越性