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1 PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.44 No.4 文章编号 : (2017) DOI: /PED 聚合物 - 表面活性剂二元驱提高采收率机理实验刘卫东 1, 2, 罗莉涛 2, 3, 廖广志 4, 左罗 5, 魏云云 1, 2, 姜伟 1 (1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 河北廊坊 ;2. 中国科学院渗流流体力学研究所, 河北廊坊 ;3. 清华大学环境学院, 北京 ;4. 中国石油勘探与生产分公司, 北京 ;5. 中国石化石油工程技术研究院, 北京 ) 基金项目 : 国家科技重大专项 (2011ZX ); 中国石油科技攻关项目 (2014B-1203) 摘要 : 针对新疆油田七中区开发现状, 设计聚合物 - 表面活性剂二元驱的填砂管天然岩心及微观模型驱油实验, 研究二元驱提高采收率机理, 为油田现场提供二元驱优化配方二元驱采收率增幅随着水油黏度比增大而增大, 随着界面张力减小而增大毛细管准数反映二元体系溶液黏度和界面张力的协同效应, 应以其为准优化筛选最佳配方新疆油田七中区二元驱溶液临界黏度比 2.5 临界界面张力数量级为 mn/m 临界毛细管准数数量级为 ; 优选出配方为 0.3% KPS mg/l HPAM, 可提高采收率 23.96% 二元驱通过聚合物增黏, 降低驱替相流度, 增加油相流度, 使流度比减小, 克服了注水指进, 增加了吸水厚度, 从而提高波及系数, 进而启动盲端残余油 ; 通过表面活性剂降低界面张力, 降低黏附功, 使残余油乳化剥离拉丝并易于启动, 同时乳状液进一步增加驱替相黏度, 在低界面张力和较高黏度下, 毛细管准数大幅度提高, 从而提高洗油效率, 进而启动岛状柱状及膜状残余油, 最终提高了采收率图 13 表 3 参 16 关键词 : 聚合物 ; 表面活性剂 ; 二元驱 ; 提高采收率 ; 黏度比 ; 界面张力 ; 毛细管准数中图分类号 :TE357 文献标识码 :A Experimental study on the mechanism of enhancing oil recovery by polymer - surfactant binary flooding LIU Weidong 1, 2, LUO Litao 2, 3, LIAO Guangzhi 4, ZUO Luo 5, WEI Yunyun 1, 2, JIANG Wei 1 (1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Langfang , China; 2. Institute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Langfang , China; 3. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing , China; 4. PetroChina Exploration & Production Company, Beijing , China; 5. Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing , China) Abstract: Aiming at the development situation of the Xinjiang oil field, the mechanism of enhancing oil recovery by the Polymer-Surfactant Binary Flooding (SP Flooding) was studied through SP Flooding sand pack, natural core and micro model experiments, and Optimum SP Flooding formula is provided. The results show that the enhanced oil recovery by the SP Flooding increases with the increase of the viscosity ratio between water and oil or the decrease of the interfacial tension. Capillary displacement ratio can reflect the synergetic effect of viscosity and interfacial tension and help screen out the optimum formula of the SP Flooding. For Qizhong block in Xinjiang Oilfield, where the critical viscosity ratio of SP flooding solution is 2.5, the order of magnitude of the critical interfacial tension is mn/m, and the order of magnitude of the critical capillary displacement ratio is , the optimum formula of the SP Flooding composed of 0.3% KPS mg/l HPAM can enhance the oil recovery by 23.96%. The polymer in the SP Flooding system increases the viscosity of the displacement fluid, accordingly the fluidity of the aqueous phase reduces and that of the oil phase increases, and the resulting decrease of the mobility ratio can control waterflood fingering, make water absorption thickness increase, enhance sweep efficiency and thus activate the residual oil trapped in dead ends. The surfactant decreases interfacial tension, and the resulting decrease of adhesion work makes residual oil emulsified, stripped, wiredrawn and easy to move. In addition, the emulsion liquid further increases the viscosity of the aqueous phase, and with interaction of lower interfacial tension and high viscosity of the emulsion liquid, the capillary displacement ratio is greatly enhanced, which in turn improves the oil displacement efficiency by displacing isolated-island, columnar and membranous residual oil, and consequently a higher oil recovery. Key words: polymer; surfactant; binary flooding; enhanced oil recovery; viscosity ratio; interfacial tension; capillary displacement ratio 引用 :,,,. - [J]., 2017, 44(4): LIU Weidong, LUO Litao, LIAO Guangzhi, et al. Experimental study on the mechanism of enhancing oil recovery by polymer - surfactant binary flooding[j]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(4): [1-2] [3-6] -

2017 8-601 [7] [8] 20 60 - [9-12] 20 3 2 40 6.0 mpa s 3.4~61.0 μm 60~4 000 80 表 1 新疆油田七中区注入水及地层水参数 [13-14] /(mg L 1 ) / ph 2008 - HCO 3 Cl 2 SO 4 Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Na + +K + (mg L 1 ) 6.27 145.15 39.10 93.

2 [7] [8] [9-12] mpa s 3.4~61.0 μm 60~ 表 1 新疆油田七中区注入水及地层水参数 [13-14] /(mg L 1 ) / ph HCO 3 Cl 2 SO 4 Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Na + +K + (mg L 1 ) [15-16] km m Brookfield DV-II +DIN m t SVT20N YP %~50% ISCO 0.1~ 7~20 mm 2.4%~27.0% 14.7% MPa 0.1 ml ~ μm ml Fastcam SA1 STEREO μm MPa Discovery-V MPa g/cm mpa s mg/l 实验材料及仪器图 1 实验装置示意图 g/cm mpa s LAyL 476 KPS-1 KPS 填砂管模型驱油实验 - HPAM cm 20 cm cm 7 cm mm 62.0 mm 3.0 mm μm mm 32 mm 0.1~100.0 µm 表 2 填砂管模型驱油实验方案 /% /10 3 μm 2 /% /% /(mn m 1 ) % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM

3 602 Vol. 44 No.4 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 ( 2) h h 2 根据油田现场注入速度 1.5 m/d, cm/s 95% cm/s 天然岩心驱油实验 32 3 表 3 天然岩心驱油实验方案 / / / / % 10 3 μm μm 2 /% /% (mn m 1 ) mg/l HPAM % LAyL+500 mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL+725 mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL+875 mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM mg/l HPAM % LAyL mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM % KPS mg/l HPAM 微观模型驱油实验 10 3 cm/s 100% - 0.3% KPS mg/l HPAM mn/m 1 2 h 24 h 2 24 h cm/s 聚合物增黏作用 mn/m 条件下 2

4 % - 95% - 图 4 黏度比与采收率增幅及最大含水率降幅的关系 2.2 表面活性剂降低界面张力作用 mpa s 2 5 图 2 不同黏度比条件下注入孔隙体积倍数与含水率关系 95% 3-95% - 图 3 不同黏度比条件下注入孔隙体积倍数与采收率关系 4 小于 2.5 大于 2.5 大于 mn/m mpa s 图 5 不同界面张力二元体系注入孔隙体积倍数与含水率关系 6 - -

604 Vol. 44 No.4 图 6 不同界面张力二元体系注入孔隙体积倍数与采收率关系 7 1 10 2 6.52 10 3 mn/m mn/m 1 10 3 mn/m 7.33 10 2 mn/m 1 10 2 mn/m 3.80 10 1 mn/m 1 10 1 mn/m 15.20 mn/m 1 10 1 mn/m 8 6.52 10 3 mn/m 7.33 10 2 mn/m 3.

5 604 Vol. 44 No.4 图 6 不同界面张力二元体系注入孔隙体积倍数与采收率关系 mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m 1.56% 图 8 二元体系界面张力与聚合物及表面活性剂贡献率的关系 2.57% mn/m mn/m mn/m mn/m 2.3 聚合物增黏与表面活性剂降低界面张力协同效应图 7 界面张力与采收率增幅及最大含水率降幅关系

6 2017 年 8 月刘卫东等聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱提高采收率机理实验 605 液黏度和界面张力的协同效应应以毛细管准数为准先确定黏度和界面张力最优组合值均衡聚合物和表面活性剂贡献率进而确定聚合物和表面活性剂浓度及类型由此优化筛选出最佳聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱配方对于新疆油田七中区在原油黏度 6.0 mpa s 注入速度 cm/s 注入段塞 2.5 倍孔隙体积的条件下优选出配方 0.3% KPS mg/l HPAM 黏度 15 mpa s 界面张力为 mn/m 计算出图9 此配方下毛细管准数为采收率 68.76% 剩毛细管准数与采收率及剩余油饱和度的关系余油饱和度 26.27% 采收率增幅 23.96% 3 由图 9 可见当毛细管准数小于时随着毛细管准数的增大采收率缓慢增加剩余油饱和度缓慢降低当毛细管准数大于时随着毛细管准数的增大采收率急剧增加剩余油饱和度急剧降低由此针对新疆油田七中区在一定渗流速聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱微观驱油机理根据微观模型驱油实验研究聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱微观驱油机理水驱后模型中滞留了大量的残余油聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱后只有少量的残余油滞留在模型中 3 说明二元驱明显提高波及系数和洗油效率达到了提数量级时聚合物和表面活性剂均衡协同作用可显高采收率的目的图 10 图 13 为各种形式残余油的启著提高采收率动方式度下二元驱临界毛细管准数为即达到 1 10 当渗流速度一定时毛细管准数可反映二元驱溶图 10 位于孔道中的岛状残余油由于处于二元体系溶岛状残余油启动方式图 11 柱状残余油启动方式图 12 膜状残余油启动方式

7 606 Vol. 44 No.4 图 13 盲端状残余油启动方式聚合物 - 表面活性剂二元驱提高采收率机理 [16] 通道 mn/m

8 surfactant polymer flooding[r]. SPE , [13] BUIJSE M A, PRELICZ R M, BARNES J R, et al. Application of 参考文献 : internal olefin sulfonates and other surfactants to EOR. Part 2: The [1] WANG Yefei, ZHAO Fulin, BAI Baojun, et al. Optimized surfactant design and execution of an ASP field test[j]. SPE Improved Oil IFT and polymer viscosity for surfactant-polymer flooding in Recovery Symposium, 2010, 115(B9): heterogeneous formations[r]. SPE , [14],,. [2] YANG Jingyi, LI Zhenquan, XU Buhua, et al. Stability and separation of heavy crude SP flooding produced water[j]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 36(10): [J]., 2015, 42(4): BAI Baojun, ZHOU Jia, YIN Mingfei. A comprehensive review of polyacrylamide polymer gels for conformance control[j]. Petroleum [3] CHEN T, ZHANG G, GE J. Dynamic interfacial tension between Gudao heavy oil and petroleum sulfonate/hpam complex systems[j]. Petroleum Science & Technology, 2012, 30(4): Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(4): [15],,,. - [J]., 2017, 44(2): [4] PUERTO M, HIRASAKI G J, MILLER C A, et al. Surfactant systems for EOR in high-temperature, high-salinity environments[j]. SPE Journal, 2012, 17(1): DI Qinfeng, ZHANG Jingnan, HUA Shuai, et al. Visualization experiments on polymer-weak gel profile control and displacement by NMR technique[j]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, [5] ROGACHEV M, KONDRASHEV A. [J]., 2015, 42(4): ROGACHEV M, KONDRASHEV A. Experiments of fluid diversion ability of a new waterproofing polymer solution[j]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(4): , 44(2): [16]. / [D]. :, LIU Weidong. Studies on enhancing oil recovery technology of polymer/surfactant binary flooding[d]. Beijing: Graduate University [6],,,. Marangoni [J]., 2015, 36(9): LUO Litao, LIAO Guangzhi, LIU Weidong, et al. Micromechanism of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 第一作者简介 : 刘卫东 (1970-), 男, 河北唐山人, 博士, 中国石油勘 [7] 探开发研究院高级工程师, 主要从事化学驱提高采收率等方面的研究工作 of residual oil mobilization by Marangoni convection[j]. Acta 地址 : 河北省廊坊市广阳区, 中国石油勘探开发研究院渗流流体力学研究 Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(9): 所, 邮政编码 : lwd69@petrochina.com.cn,,,. 联系作者简介 : 罗莉涛 (1987-), 男, 湖北襄阳人, 博士, 现为清华大 [J]., 2013, 34(3): 学在站博士后, 主要从事多孔介质物理化学渗流油气田废水及油泥污染 WANG Yuming, WANG Jiaying, KANG Hongqing, et al. 治理等方面的研究工作地址 : 北京市海淀区双清路 30 号, 清华大学环境 Establishment and application of a prediction model for enhanced oil 学院, 邮政编码 : mhlpphlt6184@126.com recovery in polymer flooding[j]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(3): 收稿日期 : 修回日期 : [8],,. [J]., 2014, 35(2): CHENG Jiecheng, WU Junzheng, HU Junqing. Key theories and technologies for enhanced oil recovery of alkaline/surfactant/ polymer flooding[j]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2014, 35(2): [9] DAI Caili, WANG Kai, LIU Yifei, et al. Reutilization of fracturing flowback fluids in surfactant flooding for enhanced oil recovery[j]. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(4): [10] SHIRAN B S, SKAUGE A. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by combined low salinity water/polymer injection[j]. Energy & Fuels, 2013, 27(3): [11] SHAH D O, SCHECHTER R S. Improved oil recovery by surfactant and polymer flooding[m]. New York: Academic Press, [12] RAI K, JOHNS R T, LAKE L W, et al. Oil-recovery predictions for 郭海莉

1.0 % 0.25 % 85μm % U416 Sulfate expansion deformation law and mechanism of cement stabilized macadam base of saline areas in Xinjiang Song

1.0 % 0.25 % 85μm % U416 Sulfate expansion deformation law and mechanism of cement stabilized macadam base of saline areas in Xinjiang Song 1.0 % 0.25 % 85μm 0.97 0.136 % U416 Sulfate expansion deformation law and mechanism of cement stabilized macadam base of saline areas in Xinjiang Song Liang 1,2 Wang Xuan-cang 1 1 School of Highway, Chang