学员专用请勿外泄 2017 年云南昭通教师招聘笔试备考手册 ( 英语学科 ) 第一部分重要知识点考点名词 1. 表示特别含义的复数形式 arms 武器 waters 水域 snows 积雪 sands 沙滩 works 作品 customs 海关, 关税 times 时代 papers 文件,

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1 2017 年云南昭通教师招聘笔试备考手册 ( 英语学科 ) 第一部分重要知识点考点名词 1. 表示特别含义的复数形式 arms 武器 waters 水域 snows 积雪 sands 沙滩 works 作品 customs 海关, 关税 times 时代 papers 文件, 文献 ; 证明, 证件 manners 礼貌 looks 外表 brains 头脑, 智力 greens 青菜 ruins 废墟 experiences 经历 2. 名词作定语 (1) 当名词作定语时, 几乎总是用单数形式 ( 即使在意义上是复数 ) 例如: shoe repairers 修鞋的人 tooth brushes 牙刷 (2)sports, customs, arms, clothes, sales 和 accounts 等作定语时, 仍用复数形式例如 : a sports car 一辆赛车 a customs officer 一名海关官员 (3) man / woman + n. 变为复数时, 作定语的名词和中心词都要变复数 a man teacher 一个男教师 ten men teachers 十个男教师考点冠词 1. 不定冠词的用法 : 用在单数可数名词前, 指一类人或事, 相当于 a kind of (A plane is a machine that can fly.); 表示每一, 一相当于 every/one ; 用于人名前, 表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 ; 用于 quite/rather/many/half/what/such 之后 ; 用于 so(as, too, how)+ 形容词之后注意 :a 和 an 的用法区别, 以元音音素开头的用 an 2. 定冠词的用法 : 用于单数可数名词前, 表示某一类人或物 (The horse is a useful animal.); 用于乐器前面 ; 用于姓氏的复数前, 表示一家人或夫妇 ; 用于序数词和形容词副词的比较级和最高级前 3. 零冠词的用法名词前有 this/my/whose/some/no/each/every 等限制词 ; 季节, 月份, 星期, 节假日, 一日三餐前 ; 学科, 语言, 球类, 棋类名词前 ; 与 by 连用表示交通工具的名词前考点代词 1. 不定代词 one/some/ any; each/ every; none/ no; other/ another; all/ both; neither/ either 2. 人称代词主格 :I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they 宾格 :me/you/him/her/it/us/you/them 3. 物主代词形容词性 :my/your/his/her/its/our/their 名词性 :mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs 4. 反身代词 : myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves 5. 指示代词 :this/that/these/those/such/some 6. 疑问代词 :who/whom/whose/which/what/whoever/whichever/whatever 7. 关系代词 :that/which/who/whom/whose/as 8. 名词替代词 one, ones, that, those 的区别 one 和 ones 用来代替前面提到过的可数名词,one 指代单数,ones 指代复数, 所替代的是同名异物, 表示泛指, 可有前置定语或后置定语, 也可单独使用特指时必须加定冠词 the that 用来代替前面提到过的单数可数名词或不可数名词, 不能和冠词连用, 其后常有修饰语代替可 1

2 数名词的复数时, 用代词 those 9. all, both, either, neither, each, none 的用法比较 both, either 和 neither 都表示两者, 可做主语宾语和定语 both 还可做同位语 neither 表示两者否定 ; either 表示两者中任何一个, 强调个体 ;both 表示两者都 all 和 none 表示三者或三者以上 all 表示全部肯定, 而 none 表示全部否定 all 可做主语宾语表语定语和同位语 ;none 可做主语宾语和同位语, 但不能做定语 both, all, each, none 做主语同位语时, 通常放在行为动词的前面,be 动词助动词和情态动词的后面 all 和 both 与 not 连用表示部分否定考点动词 1. 情态动词 (1)may/might 否定回答时可用 can t 或 mustn t, 表示不可以, 禁止 (2)must 表示必须一定, 否定回答用 needn t 或 don t have to, 表示不必 (3)dare 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为 dared (4)can/could + have done 在肯定句中表示本来可以做而实际上没能做某事 should have done 表示对过去行为的推测本应该做而实际上没有做某事 needn t have done 表示本来不必做而实际上做了某事 2. 动词时态与语态所谓时就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段, 即 : 现在过去将来过去将来四种 ; 所谓态就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态, 有一般状态进行状态完成状态和完成进行状态四种由时态结合, 便形成下列十六种时态 : 时态现在过去将来过去将来一般时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去将来时进行时态现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时完成时态现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时完成进行时现在完成进过去完成进将来完成进行过去将来完成进态行时行时时行时 (1) 现在进行时表示按计划安排即将发生的动作 She is leaving for Beijing. (2) 现在进行时代替一般现在时, 描绘更加生动 The Yangtze River is flowing into the east. (3) 现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行, 即动作的延续性 ---Hi, Tracy, you look tired. ---I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day. 3. 动词语态 -- 主动表被动 (1) 某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义, 如 look, smell, taste, feel, prove, sound 等例 : The flower smells sweet. (2) 某些及物动词后加副词, 也可以表示被动意义, 如 cut, clean, draw, lock, open, pack, play, peel, sell, shut, split, strike, record, iron, keep 等例 :This type of TV sells well. The meat cuts easily. (3)deserve, need, require, stand, want 等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义若动名词是不及物的, 后面应跟有介词例 :The kids need taking care of. The table wants cleaning. (4) 某些作表语的形容词后, 用不定式主动形式表示被动意义例 :The stone is hard to break. It is easy to understand. 考点非谓语动词做定语的区别 1. 不定式作定语 (1) 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作, 完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 2

3 (2) 如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系, 在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词 Let s first find a room to live in / put the things in. We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us to worry about.) 2. -ing 分词作定语 (1)-ing 分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行, 否则, 要用从句作定语 Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 比较 : 误 :He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 正 :He is the man who visited our class yesterday. (2) 单个的 -ing 分词作定语一般前置, 说明名词的性质特征或用途等,-ing 短语作定语一般后置 ; 强调动作的单个 -ing 分词也常后置例 : a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping) a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate. 3. -ed 分词作定语 -ed 分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成的动作,-ing 分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,-ing 分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作例 : a developed/developing country He is a student loved by all the teachers. The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 4. 像定语从句一样, 分词作定语也有非限制性的, 其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句 The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. The substance, discovered almost by accident, has greatly changed the world. 考点定语从句定语从句起了形容词的作用, 在句中修饰一个名词或代词被修饰的词叫做先行词, 引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 他的作用 : 一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用 ; 二是在从句中担当一个成分, 并与先行词保持数的一致 1. 关系代词的用法 (1) 作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如 : a. He is the man who/that lives next door. b. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. (2) 作宾语用 whom, who, which, that, 如 : a. The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. b. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? (3) 作定语用 whose, 如 : a. He is the man whose car was stolen last week. b. It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注 : whose + 名词中心词这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 ( 如上 a 句 ), 又能作宾语 ( 如上 b 句 ) whose 的先行词常用来指人, 但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念, 这时可以与 of which 结构互换, 词序是 : 名词 +of which, 如 : They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) He s written a book the name of which I ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) (4) 作表语只用 that, 它既可以指人, 也可以指物, 但时常省略如 : He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. 2. 关系副词的用法 (1)when 指时间, 在从句中作时间状语, 它的先行词通常有 : time, day, morning, night, week, year 如 :I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注 :when 时常可以省略, 特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中如 :Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. (2)where 指地点, 在从句中作地点状语它的先行词通常有 : place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等如 :This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 3

4 注 :where 有时也可以省略如 : This is the place (where) we met yesterday. (3)why 指原因或理由, 它的先行词只有 : reason 如 :That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注 :why 时常也可以省略如 : That is the real reason he quitted. 使用关系副词应注意下列几点 : (1) 三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词 +which 结构 : when = on (in, at, during ) + which; where = in (at, on ) + which; why = for which. 如 :I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. (2) 当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时, 一定要注意分析从句的结构, 如果缺少主语或宾语时, 关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时, 才能用 when 或 where, 试比较 : I ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. (3)when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句, 也可以引导非限制性定语从句而 why 只能引导限制性定语从句考点倒装的用法谓语的全部或部分 ( 助动词或情态动词 ) 放在主语之前的现象称为倒装种类倒装条件例句 here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away 等副词开头的句子表示强调 Out rushed the children. 完全倒装表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首 Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 强调表语, 置于句首, 或为保持句子平衡 Present at the meeting were 1,000 students. never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not 等表示否定意义的副词放于句首 Hardly did I know what had happened. only 和修饰的状语放于句首 Only then did he realize the importance of English. not only but also 连接并列的句子, 前倒后不倒 Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it. neither nor 连接并列的句子, 前后都倒装 Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. 部分倒装 so that, such that 中的 so 或 such 及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday. as 引导的让步状语, 把需要强调的部分提前 ( 如名词动词形容词副词 ), 然 Child as he is, he has learned a lot. 后再加陈述句的其他部分 so, neither 或 nor 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事 He can play the piano. So can I. 用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health! 省略 if 的虚拟条件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way. 考点阅读理解技巧点拨 1. 重点题型中的几个问题 : (1) 词汇题 : 字面意思不是答案, 要根据上下文推测其深刻含义 (2) 句子理解题 : 一般不要求推理, 只看句子本身 (3) 推理题 : 答案很大程度上是原文的重现, 不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出 2. 正确答案的特征 : (1) 正确答案经常与中心思想有关 (2) 正确答案的位置, 最常见的三个位置是 : 段首段尾处转折处因果处 4

5 (3) 正确答案经常运用的原则是 : 同义替换正话反说反话正说 (4) 从语气角度来看, 正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词如 :can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some. (5) 正确答案经常具有概括性深刻性, 不能只见树木不见森林 3. 错误答案的特征 : (1) 第一大层次 : 1 无中生有 ( 未提及的概念 ); 2 正反混淆 ( 选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反 ); 3 所答非所问 ( 虽然选项的说法没有问题, 符合原文, 但和题干搭不上边 ) (2) 第二大层次 : 1 过分绝对 ; 2 扩大范围 ( 注意隐蔽型的扩大范围 mostly); 3 因果倒置 ; 4 常识判断 ; 5 推得过远 ; 6 偏离中心 ; 7 变换词性 (3) 常识判断 : 如果一个选项仅仅符合常识, 不一定是正确答案, 还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现 ; 如果一个选项不符合常识, 一定不是正答案能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了, 才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧考点翻译英译汉英译汉的翻译技巧有以下几点 : 1. 词语形态和词义的变化由于英语是显性语言, 词汇意义的变化可以通过词形的变化表现出来所以, 在英译汉时要特别注意英语词汇的形态, 如名词单复数动词时态等如果单词形态对句子的意思有影响, 汉语要把这种词语形态引起的意思变化翻译出来如 :Mr. Green didn t talk over her daughter s suggestions about their holiday. 这一句中的 suggestions 是复数, 翻译时应译为各项建议当词形的变化不会引起意思的变化时, 不用译 2. 词性的转换英译汉中经常出现的几种词性转换包括动词转译成名词, 形容词转译成名词或动词 ( 短语 ), 副词转译成形容词或名词, 介词 ( 短语 ) 转译成动词等如 : (1)Fire fighters know how fires behave, just as soldiers know how an enemy will probably fight. 译文 : 消防员了解火的走势, 就像士兵了解敌人的战术 ( 动词名词 ) (2)We will go to Beijing by plane. 译文 : 我们要乘飞机去北京 ( 介词短语动词短语 ) 汉译英 1. 首先进行段落大意分析, 再进行句群分析句子分析, 最后以句子为单位进行翻译 ; 2. 要关注句子内部的调整句子层次意义的译文重组 ; 3. 段落翻译的焦点仍是句子翻译, 这个过程中, 要注重句际关系的分析, 从段落的视野把握每个句子的处理方式 ; 4. 与英译汉篇章翻译相同, 还是要先通读, 然后翻译, 最后重读一遍 5

6 第二部分巩固练习 1. Mr. Black is an in the army, not an in the government. You can not easily find him in his. A. official; officer; office B. officer; office; official C. official; official; official D. officer; official; office 2. Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first. A. intention B. effort C. attempt D. sight 3. operation was very successful indeed, which was comfort to the concerned mother. A. The; / B. An; the C. An; a D. The; a 4. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health. A. what B. this C. that D. which 5. I agree with most of what you said, but I don t agree with. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 6. The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 7. Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what Three Chinese visitors spit and litter in tourist spot of Thailand. ---What a shame! They ruined the image of Chinese people A. would B. must C. should D. shall 9. tablet computers like Apple s ipad just before bed, a researcher says recently, can lead to a poor night s sleep. A. Using B. Used C. To use D. Use 10. There is a note pinned to the door when the shop will open again. A. saying B. says C. said D. having said What a long queue! ---Yeah. We up in the past few hours for tickets. A. queued B. have queued C. are queuing D. have been queuing 12. Although with many challenges, the Chinese government has great confidence in dealing with terrorism to protect the social stability. A. facing B. faced C. to face D. being faced 13. Even today I still remember the great difficulty I had English in the village 20 years ago. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned Is that the small town you often refer to? ---Right, just the one you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what 15. The best way to make a kid be independent is to put him in a position he has no one else to ask for help. A. that B. what C. where D. which 6

7 16. The young man, who by then admission to Peking University, determined to do some part-time jobs to gain more practical skills. A. gained B. was gaining C. has gained D. had gained Why does the river smell terrible? ---Because large quantities of water. A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 18. No sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has 19. Only after talking to two students that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factor in reaching goals. A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered 20. will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. The Evenses 21. My book, The House of Hales, is missing. Who have taken it? A. need B. must C. should D. could We need a person very much to think up a creative idea. --- the new manager have a try? A. Shall B. Must C. Should D. Need 23. I d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. A. it B. you C. one D. this 24. Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 25. After the dinner party, most guests left, with only two of them in the host family, him clear up. A. remaining; helping B. remained; helping C. remaining; helped D. remained; helped 阅读下面文章, 回答问题 One day last September, as Britney Spears was about to board a flight to Los Angeles from London, a blue bottle fell out of her purse. She quickly put it back in, but not before the camera recorded the event. Neither Spears nor her spokesman was willing to comment on the contents of the bottle, but the next morning London s Daily Express published a page of pictures under the headline EXCLUSIVE: POP PRINCESS SPOTTED AT AIRPORT WITH POT OF SLIMMING TABLETS. Spears was apparently carrying Zantrex-3, one of the most popular weight-loss pills now sold in the United States. The pill, which is sold at about fifty dollars for a month s supply, contains a huge amount of caffeine, some green tea, and three common South American herbs that also act as stimulants ( 兴奋剂 ). It hit the U.S. market last March and has had a success that would be hard to overstate. Millions of bottles have been sold, and during the Christmas season it was displayed in the windows of the nation s largest chain of vitamin shops, G.N.C.. (It is so highly sought after that many of the stores keep it in locked counters.) Zantrex-3 is also sold at CVS, RiteAid, Wal-Mart, and other chains, and over the telephone and on the Internet. If you type Zantrex into Google, more than a hundred thousand pieces of information about it will appear. At any moment, there are scores of people sell it on ebay. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the success story of Zantrex-3, however, is that it is far from unique. There are hundreds of similar products on the market today, and they are bought by millions of Americans. And though Zantrex s producer makes some exciting statements ( the most advanced weight control compound ( 化合物 ) period ), so do the people who sell Stacker 2 and Anorex along with those who sell Carb Eliminator and Fat 7

8 Eliminator. Almost all of these compounds suggest that they can help people lose weight and regain lost energy, and often without diet, exercise, or any other effort. 26. Britney Spears is a/an. A. dancer B. singer C. athlete D. chemist 27. Which of the following is also a kind of weight-loss pill? A. CVS B. Rite Aid C. Wal-Mart D. Anorex 28. The underlined part of the sentence in the first paragraph is most likely similar in meaning to. A. it is difficult to say how successful Zantrex-3 is B. you can t overstate the success of Zantrex-3 C. you can t think too highly of the success of Zantrex-3 D. Zantrex-3 is not very successful 29. From the second paragraph we know that. A. Zantrex-3 is one of the successful weight-loss pills on the US market B. Zantrex-3 is the most successful weight-loss pills on the US market C. Zantrex-3 is the only weight-loss pill on the US market D. there are five kinds of weight-loss pills on the US market 30. The text mainly tells us. A. when Britney Spears was found taking weight-loss pills with her B. how Zantrex-3 became successful in the USA C. weight-loss pills are very popular in the USA D. Zantrex-3 is forbidden to be sold on the US market 31. 翻译下列文字 Surely ambition is behind dreams of glory, of wealth, of distinction, of accomplishment, of pleasure, of goodness. What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot, of course, be predicted. Some dreams, begun in selflessness, end in rancor; other dreams, begun in selfishness, end in large heartedness. The unpredictability of the outcome of dreams is no reason to cease dreaming. 32. 翻译下列文字心理学领域研究者发现 : 要做一个重要决定, 如选择就读的大学或投资的业务, 最好的方法之一是使用一个决策工作单研究最优化 (optimization) 的心理学家比较人们所做的实际决定和理论上的理想决定, 以观察其相似性 8

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit English for Study in Australia 留学澳洲英语讲座 Lesson 3: Make yourself at home 第三课 : 宾至如归 L1 Male: 各位朋友好, 欢迎您收听留学澳洲英语讲座节目, 我是澳大利亚澳洲广播电台的节目主持人陈昊 L1 Female: 各位

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学员专用请勿外泄 2017 年云南昭通教师招聘笔试备考手册 ( 英语学科 ) 第一部分重要知识点考点名词 1. 表示特别含义的复数形式 arms 武器 waters 水域 snows 积雪 sands 沙滩 works 作品 customs 海关, 关税 times 时代 papers 文件,