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1 小風英文教室小風編輯

2 版權聲明本投影片唯能用在非營利教學用途之上本投影片歡迎轉載, 但不得修改後轉載轉載請註明出處有任何錯誤, 建議, 請聯絡作者小風英文教室 by Scott Deeann Chen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. 作者信箱 :awea.ther.star.craft ( 小老鼠 ) gmail ( 點 ) com Facebook:

3 關係子句

4 英文的結構句子 : 由一或多個子句組成表達完整意思子句 : 由一或多個片語組成有自己的動詞與主詞, 但動詞或主詞有時會變形或被省略片語 : 由一或多個單字組成有自己的核心單字以動詞為核心的動詞片語以名詞為核心的名詞片語以形容詞為核心的形容詞片語以副詞為核心的副詞片語以介係詞為核心的介係詞片語單字 : 英文最基本單位注意 : 子句有不只一種定義, 這邊只是其中一種

5 為什麼要有關係子句? 名詞本身時常不夠精確, 需額外補充說明透過關係子句的修飾, 名詞可變得更為精確具體關係子句修飾的名詞為先行詞關係子句透過有先行詞的句子來描述先行詞與他物的互動關係

6 如何建構關係子句? 關係代名詞 + 缺少先行詞的子句改寫規則 : 1. 將先行詞所對應的名詞移除 2. 將句前加上適當的關係代名詞範例 :The man is standing there. 1. is standing there 2. who is standing there

7 如何使用使用關係子句? 先行詞 + 關係子句形成名詞片語, 做名詞使用 the man who is standing there The man who is standing there is Tom. I don t like the man who is standing there.

8 關係代名詞的選擇主格受格所有格限定所用之關係代名詞非限定所用之關係代名詞人物人物 who that whom (who) that 空關代 which that which that 空關代 whose who whom which

9 關係子句的種類限定關係子句 : 用以指定一模糊群體中特定的事物 My brother who lives in Japan cannot speak Japanese. 非限定關係子句 : 用以補充說明事物 My brother, who lives in Japan, cannot speak Japanese.

10 關係子句的種類限定 : 用以指定一群體中特定的事物 the man who was hungry the girl whom you saw the woman whose car was broken 非限定 : 用以補充說明事物 London, which is the capital of UK, my father, whom you talked with, my car, which was towed away,

11 主格受格所有格選擇主格受格所有格時依據先行詞在子句中的用途而定先行詞為人 : 主格 :the man who/that saw you The man saw you. 受格 :the man whom/that/ 空關代 you saw You saw the man. 所有格 :the man whose book is heavy His book is heavy.

12 主格受格所有格選擇主格受格所有格時依據先行詞在子句中的用途而定先行詞為物 : 主格 :the book which/that was here The book was here. 受格 :the book which/that/ 空關代 you own You own the book. 所有格 :the book whose cover is dirty The book s cover is dirty.

13 主格 :WHO/WHICH 還是 THAT? 人先行詞主格 :who 較 that 常用 people who/that speak English 物先行詞主格 :that 較 which 常用 books which/that are heavy

14 受格 :WHOM/WHICH 還是 THAT? 受格 : 非正式口語使用空關代 books which/that/ 空關代 I have the girl whom/that/ 空關代 I like 受格 : 先行詞與關係代名詞之間有許多其他的片語或子句時, which/who 較常用 I have a lot of memories of my childhood which I cherish. 受格 : 當先行詞只有冠詞 + 名詞時,that 較常用 I went to the park that is next to your house.

15 WHO/WHICH/WHOM 還是 THAT? 先行詞為最高級或序數時通常使用 that( 主格 ) 或 that/ 空關代 ( 受格 ), 而非 which/who/whom the second computer which/that was on the market the best person whom/that/ 空關代 I ve ever known 物先行詞為 all, anything, everything, nothing, little, much: 使用 that( 主格 ) 或 that/ 空關代 ( 受格 ) all which/that are good anything which/that/ 空關代 I like

16 關係代名詞做受詞關係代名詞做受詞有兩種情況動詞之受詞 the place which/that/ 空關代 we like 介係詞之受詞物先行詞 : the place to which we went the place which we went to the place that we went to the place we went to 人先行詞 : the person to whom we sent a gift the person whom/who we sent a gift to the person that we sent a gift to the person we sent a gift

17 關係代名詞做介係詞之受詞注意事項 : 當使用最正式的介係詞提前句型時, 一定要使用 which/whom, 不可使用 who/that/ 空關代 (O)the place to which we went (X)the place to that we went (O)the person to whom we gave it (X)the person to who we gave it 表達抽象概念或時間的介係詞建議提前, 使用最正式的句型 (?)the time which I was not working during (O)the time during which I was not working

18 使用 WHERE/WHEN 替換介係詞 + 關係代名詞如介係詞 + 關係代名詞表達時間或地點, 可將其替換成 when 或 where, 形成名詞子句, 做同位語注意! 一定要將介係詞與關係代名詞全部替換掉 (O)the place to which we went (O)the place where we went (X)the place where we went to (O)the time at which he arrived (O)the time when he arrived (X)the time when he arrived at

19 使用關係子句修飾代名詞關係子句亦可修飾 : 不定代名詞 everything I know the one/ones those the best ones I have those who pass the exam 人稱代名詞除極正式情況, 不然不做先行詞 He who laughs last laughs best. It was I who solved the problem.

20 關係代名詞的選擇主格受格所有格限定所用之關係代名詞非限定所用之關係代名詞人物人物 who that whom (who) that 空關代 which that which that 空關代 whose who whom which

21 非限定關係子句非限定關係代名詞只有 who, whom, which, whose 限定 : 用以指定一群體中特定的事物 the man who was hungry 非限定 : 用以補充說明事物 London, which is the capital of UK, 注意! 非限定子句必然以逗號與主句隔開 My brother who lives in Japan cannot speak Japanese. My brother, who lives in Japan, cannot speak Japanese.

22 使用數量代名詞修飾關係代名詞將受格關係代名詞前加上 : 數量代名詞 of, 表達該群體中的部分個體 There are 60 students in our class, most of whom are from Taiwan. There are 60 students in our class. Most of the 60 students are from Taiwan. There are 3 apples on the table, one of which is rotten. There are 3 apples on the table. One of the 3 apples is rotten. I have three monitors, one of whose backlight is too bright. I have three monitors. One of my monitors backlight is too bright.

23 使用 OF 描述先行詞之相關事物將關係代名詞前面加上名詞 of 可將名詞 of 先行詞做為關係子句之主詞 I have a computer, the monitor of which is big and bright. I have a computer. The monitor of the computer is big and bright. I have a brother, the personality of whom is very positive. I have a brother. The personality of my brother is very positive. I have a sister, the ringtone of whose cellphone is loud. I have a sister. The ringtone of her cellphone is loud.

24 使用 WHICH 修飾整個句子口語非正式時可使用 which 修飾完整句子 My favorite team lost the game, which was too bad. My favorite team lost the game. That was too bad. I did well in the exam, which was surprising. I did well in the exam. That is surprising.

25 參考資料 Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and using English rammar, Third Edition, 2006, Longman Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar, First Edition, 1996, Oxford University Press Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985, Longman Group Limited

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PowerPoint Presentation 小風英文教室小風編輯版權聲明本投影片唯能用在非營利教學用途之上本投影片歡迎轉載, 但不得修改後轉載轉載請註明出處有任何錯誤, 建議, 請聯絡作者小風英文教室 by Scott Deeann Chen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.