代词一代词的分类代词可以分为人称代词, 物主代词, 反身代词, 指示代词, 疑问代词, 关系代词, 不定代词, 相互代词这八类二人称代词就是表示我, 你, 他, 她, 它, 你们, 他们的词人称代词分主格和宾格两类, 有单复数之分人称代词的形式如下 : 人称第一人称 ( 我,

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1 代词一代词的分类代词可以分为人称代词, 物主代词, 反身代词, 指示代词, 疑问代词, 关系代词, 不定代词, 相互代词这八类二人称代词就是表示我, 你, 他, 她, 它, 你们, 他们的词人称代词分主格和宾格两类, 有单复数之分人称代词的形式如下 : 人称第一人称 ( 我, 我们 ) 第二人称 ( 你, 你们 ) 第三人称 ( 除我我们你你们之外 ) 单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数主格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 Me us you you him her it them 1. 人称代词的用法 (1) 人称代词有主格和宾格之分通常主格做主语, 宾格做宾语如 : I like table tennis. ( 做主语 ) Do you know him?( 做宾语 ) (2) 人称代词还可作表语 ( 做表语时用宾格的形式 ) 如 : ---Who is knocking at the door? ---It s me. (3) 人称代词在 than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时, 用主格和宾格都可以如 : He is older than me. He is older than I am. (4) 人称代词的顺序几个人称代词并列做主语时, 它们的顺序是 : 单数形式 ( 二三一 ) you, he and I 复数形式 ( 一二三 ) we, you and they 注意 : 当受到批评时或承认错误时正好相反,I 在最前,you 在最后口诀 : 单数二三一, 复数一二三, 受到批评我在前, 承认错误你在后如 : You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project. 2.it 用法总结 (1) 作为人称代词,it 可以用来指东西动物婴儿和未确定身份的人 Where s my book? Have you seen it? 我的书在哪里? 你看见了没有? The dog is in the garden, isn t it? 狗在花园里, 是吧? 婴儿哭了, 因为他 / 她饿了.

2 (Someone is ringing.) ---Who s it? ( 有人在按门铃 )--- 谁呀? ---It s me. --- 是我 (2)it 可以指上下文内容 The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in It makes the Chinese proud 年将在北京举行奥运会这使得中国人非常自豪 (3)it 表示时间天气距离等 ---What time is it now? 现在几点了? ---It s half past nine. 九点半 It is cold. 天气冷公园到博物馆大约是十公里 (4)it 用作形式主语或形式宾语 It s very important for us to learn English well.( 实际主语是 to learn English well) 对我们来说, 学好英语很重要 I found it hard to fly a kite. ( 实际宾语是 to fly a kite) 我发现放风筝很难备注 : 句型 ( 可以用于作文中 ) It s adj. for/of sb. to do sth. It s time to do sth. 3. 实战演练 It s time for sth. It seems that It one s turn to do sth. It s + 强调部分 + that/who/whom (1)Miss Green is an English teacher. We all like ( she ). (2)Could you help ( I )? (3) ( My ) can't get my kite. (4)Her bike is broken. Can ( your ) mend it?. (5) I found ( it )hard to fly a kite (6)Those ( child ) are ( I ) father s students. (7)Do you know (8)I love ( it ) name? (they)very much. 三物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词, 即的物主代词分别有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词物主代词的形式如下 : 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their

3 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 1. 物主代词的用法 (1) 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词, 可在句中作定语如 : Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. (2) 名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词重复, 其作用相当于名词, 并且名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词, 在句中可用作主语宾语和表语如 : --- Is this English-book yours? ( 做表语 ) --- No. Mine is in my bag.( 做主语 ) I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? ( 做宾语 ) (3) 名词性物主代词可以用在 of 后做定语, 相当于 of+ 名词所有格表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩如 : He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友 2. 实战演练用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) I ate all sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of? ( you ) (2)George has lost ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if( 是否 )she will lend him. ( she ) (3)Jack has a dog and so have I. ( he ) dog and ( I ) had a fight ( 打架 ). (4)The teacher wants you to return that book of ( he ) (5)Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of are coming to see us. ( they ) (6)We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of. (we ) 四反身代词表示我 ( 们 ) 自己你 ( 们 ) 自己他 / 她 / 它 ( 们 ) 自己的代词称为反身代词反身代词的形式如下 : 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数反身代词 mysel ourselve f s yourself yourselve himsel herself itself themselve s f s 巧记口诀 : 反身代词构成并不难, 单数词尾 -self 记心间第三人称宾格加在前, 其余物主开头用在先复数形式如何变,f 要用 ves 来替换 1. 反身代词的用法反身代词可以在句中作宾语, 表语和同位语

4 (1) 做宾语, 表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者, 主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人 He called himself a writer. Would you please express yourself in English? (2) 做表语 It doesn't matter. I'll be myself soon. The girl in the news is myself. (3) 做主语或宾语的同位语, 表示亲自或本人 I myself washed the clothes( = I washed the clothes myself.)( 做主语同位语 ) You should ask the teacher himself.( 做宾语同位语 ) (4) 反身代词常用的短语 teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩的高兴 come to oneself 苏醒 2. 实战演练 1 Those girls enjoyed in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2 The scarf is, she made it. A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself 3 I can t mend my shoe. Can you mend it for? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me 4 Who teaches math? I teach. A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself 5 Help to some fish, children. A. yourself

5 B. your C. yours D. yourselves 五指示代词指示代词是表示那个这个这些那些等指示概念的代词单数复数指示代词 This That These Those 例句 This girl is Mary. That is Mary. These men are my teachers. Those are my teachers. 1. 指示代词的用法 (1)this 和 these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that 和 those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人如 : This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. (2) 有时 that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物,this 和 these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物如 : I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English. (3) 有时为了避免重复提到的名词, 常可用 that 或 those 代替如 : Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. (4)this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方如 : Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 2. 实战演练 1 The machines made in China are cheaper than made in Japan. A. ones B. that C. those D. it 2 Look! What s in the sky? It looks like a kite. A. this B. that C. those D. them 3 ---Have you found your lost mobile phone?

6 ---No, I haven t found, but I bought this morning. A. one; that B. that; one C. it; one D. one; it 六疑问代词 1. 疑问代词及词组疑问代词有 who, whom, whose, what 和 which 等疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中, 一般都放在句首, 并在句子中作为某一句子成分如 : 疑问词意思用法 when 什么时间问时间 what time 什么时间问具体时间, 如几点钟 who 谁问人 whose 谁的问主人 where 在哪里问地点 which 哪一个问选择 why 为什么问原因 what 什么问东西事物 what color 什么颜色问颜色 what about 怎么样问意见 what day 星期几问星期几 what date 什么日期问日期 how 怎么样问情况 how old 多大年纪问年龄 how many 多少数量 ( 可数名词 ) 问数量 how much 多少钱, 多少数量 ( 不可数名词 ) 问多少钱或数量 ( 不可数 ) how about 怎么样问意见 how often 多久问频率 how long 多长时间问时间长度 how far 多远问多远 ; 多长距离 2. 实战演练 1 -- is your address? It s xinxin@163.com. A. Who B. How C. What

7 D. Which 2 -- does your brother do? -- He is a bus driver. A. Where B. Why C. What D. How 3 -- coat is more beautiful than yours? -- Lily s. A. Which B. Whose C. Who D. What 4 would you like to go shopping with? A. Which B. Whom C. What D. Where 七连接代词连接代词 : 用来连接宾语从句表语从句主语从句的代词常用的有 :what, which, who, whom, whose, that, 它们在句中可用作主语, 表语, 宾语, 定语如 : Do you know who has won the Red Alert game? I don t know whom you should depend on? I know what he said at the meeting. 问题是谁来修理它你能告诉我哪条路是去邮局的吗? 八不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词, 在句中可做主语表语宾语和定语不定代词没有确定的对象, 常用的有 : all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no 以及由 some, no, any, every 构成的复合词两者三者都 both all 都不 neither none

8 或者 ( 任一个 ) either any 每一个 each( 2) every( 3) 注意 (1)both 之后加名词的复数形式 + 谓语动词原形 (2)all 既可以加名词的复数形式, 也可以加不可数名词, 谓语动词的单复数由名词决定 (3)Neither / none of + 名词的复数形式 + 谓语动词三单 (4)Neither nor.. 或 either or.. 用就近原则 1. 常见不定代词的用法 (1)some 与 any 的区别 1 some 多用于肯定句, 表示一些, 几个作形容词时, 后面可以接不可数名词也可以接可数名词 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2 any 多用于疑问句条件句和否定句中, 表示一些, 任何用作形容词时, 后面可以接不可数名词也可接可数名词 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. 3 any 和 some 也可以做代词用, 表示一些 any 多用于疑问句, 否定句和条件句中,some 多用于肯定句中 How many people can you see in the picture? I can't see any. 如果你没有钱, 我可以借给你一些注意 :some 用于疑问句时, 表示建议请求或希望得到肯定回答 Would you like some coffee with sugar? 你要加糖的咖啡吗? (2)few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的区别可数名词不可数名词含义 few Little 否定含义, 没有多少了 a few a little 肯定含义, 还有一点 He has a few friends. He has few friends. We still have a little time. There is little time left. 他有几个朋友他几乎没有朋友我们还有点时间几乎没剩下什么时间了 What do you usually have for breakfast? --- milk and eggs. A. Little, a little B. A few, few C. A little, a few D. A few, a little

9 2 --- Would you like some tea? --- Yes, just. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little bit (3)other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数 another 不定 another 另一个 others 别人, 其他人 (boy) 另一个 ( 男 other (boys) 其他 ( 男孩 ) 孩 ) 特定 the other 另一个 the others 其余那些人物 the other (boy) 另一个 ( 男孩 ) the other (boys) 其余那些 ( 男孩 ) 1 other 可以作形容词用, 后面可以跟单数或复数名词, 意思是其他的别的 Where are his other books? I haven't any other books except this one. 2 other 也可以用作代词, 与冠词 the 连用构成 the other, 表示两个人或物中的另一个常与 one 搭配构成 one..., the other... 句型 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. 3 other 作代词时, 可以有复数 others, 泛指另外的人或物常与 some 搭配构成 some..., others... 句型 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4 the others 表示特指某范围内的其他的人或物 We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. 5 another 可以作形容词用, 修饰后面的名词, 意为另一个 You can see another ship in the sea, can't you? 6 another 也可以作代词用, 表示另一个 I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another. 用 any other, any others, the other, other 填空 (1)He is taller than (2)He is taller than (3)He is taller than student in his class. in his class. students in his class. (4)Some students like pop music while don t in their school.

10 (5)I want some books besides this dictionary. (4)every 与 each 的区别 each every 可单独使用可做代名词形容词着重个别用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 Each of 不可单独使用仅作形容词着重全体, 毫无例外用于三者或三者以上的每一个人或物 Every one of The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different color. 注意 : 当我们说 each child, each student 或 each teacher 时, 我们想到的是一个人的情况而当我们说 every child 和 every student 时, 我们想到的是全体的情况,every 的意思与 all 接近, 表示他们都如此 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing. (5)many 与 much 的用法 many 修饰可数名词复数, 还可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, as, how 连用 much 修饰不可数名词, 也可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, as, how 连用 There are too many mistakes in your exercises. He has got too much work to do. (6) 复合不定代词复合不定代词是由 some-,any-,no-,every- 加上 -one,-body,-thing 等所组成的不定代词复合不定代词包括 something( 某事物 ), somebody( 某人 ), someone( 某人 ), anything( 任何事物 ), anybody( 任何人 ), anyone ( 任何人 ), nothing ( 没事物 ), nobody ( 没人 ), no one ( 没人 ), everything ( 一切事物 ), everybody( 每个人 ), everyone( 每个人 ) 等十二个这些复合代词具有名词性质, 在句中可用作主语宾语或表语, 但不能用作定语复合不定代词的指代对象 : 1 含 -body 和 -one 的复合代词只用来指人, 含 -body 的复合不定代词与含 -one 的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同, 可以互换只是用 -body 时显得较通俗些, 多用于口语中, 用 -one 时显得较文雅些, 更常见于正式场合及书面语中如 : Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room. 有人在隔壁房间哭 No one/nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的 2 含 -thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物如 : Are you going to buy anything? 你会去买东西吗? I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只听到了你的声音复合不定代词的属格 : 1 含 -one 和 -body 等指人的复合代词可有 - s 属格形式如 : Everybody s business is nobody s business. 大家的事情没人管 Is this anybody s seat? 这儿有人坐吗? 2 含 -one 和 -body 等指人的复合代词后跟 else 时,- s 属格应加在 else 之后如 : Can you remember someone else s name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗?

11 3 含 -thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有 - s 属格形式复合不定代词的定语 : 复合不定代词的定语必须后置, 即放在复合不定代词的后面如 : Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗? Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗? 2. 实战演练 1 He has to tell us. A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing 2 His earliest plays are excellent, but his latest one is. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing 3 Do you have at home now, Stella? No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 4 Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you? I m afraid I do. I ll be glad to lend money to but Charlie. A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one 九相互代词 1. 相互代词的用法用于表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词常用的有 :each other, one another, 两者没有很大的区别, 一般可以互换相互代词可以作宾语定语相互代词后可以加 s, 表示所有关系, 做定语如 : We should learn from each other / one another. ( 做宾语 ) 你们经常彼此写信吗? We often borrow each other's / one another's books. ( 做定语 )

12 The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.( 做定语 )

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幻灯片 1 Custom makes all things easy! 本讲任务一. 人称代词主格, 宾格二. 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词三. 反身代词一. 人称代词主格, 宾格句子成分 I broke two windows. 句子成分 I broke two windows. 句子成分 I broke two windows. 主语句子成分 I broke two windows. 主语