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八糖乳孙
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1 什么是虚拟语气第 14 讲虚拟语气 (1) 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式, 用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实, 而只是一种愿望假设怀疑建议猜测可能或纯粹的空想等在很多情况下和情态动词的使用交织在一起, 有的已成为习惯用法 (2) if 引导的虚拟条件句 ( 非真实条件句 ) 虚拟语气常用在表示条件的从句和表示结果的主句中, 现将条件从句和结果主句各自的动词形式列表如下 : if 条件从句结果主句过去时 (be 要用 were) would (should, could, might)+ 动词原与现在相反形 had+ 过去分词 (be 不用 were 而用 would (should, could, might)+have+ 过与过去相反 had been) 去分词 (1) 过去时 (be 用 were) would (should, could, might)+ 动词原与将来相反 (2)should+ 动词原形 ( 不用 would) 形 (3)were to+ 动词原形注意 : 结果主句中 should 一般只用于第一人称, 而在美国英语中, 第一人称则常用 would 另外, 表示与将来事实可能相反的条件有 3 种表示方法, 其中第 1 种方法与表示现在事实相反的条件完全相同两者之间的区别在于 : 表示与将来事实可能相反时, 句中往往有表示将来的时间状语, 或隐含着的将来时间试比较 : If I had time, I would go with you. 要是我有时间的话, 我就和你一起去 ( 现在说话时 ) If I had time tomorrow, I would go with you. 要是明天我有时间的话, 我就和你一起去 (3) 虚拟条件句的用法 1) 表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果从句用过去时, 主句用 would (should, could, might)+ 动词原形如 : If he had time, he would help you. 他要是有时间就会帮助你 1

2 If I knew English, I should be able to read these English books. 如果我懂英语, 就能阅读这些英语书了 If there were no friction, an automobile could not move. 如果没有摩擦, 汽车就不能开动 (4) 2) 表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果从句用 had+ 过去分词, 主句用 would (should, could, might)+have+ 过去分词如 : If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen him. 昨天你要是来这里的话, 早就见到他了 If you d studied harder, you might not have done so badly on the exam. 如果你学习努力一些, 就不会考得这么糟糕了 If I had had enough money, I would have bought the suit. 要是我有足够的钱, 就会买下那套衣服 (5) 3) 表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果从句有 3 种表示方法 :(1) 过去时 (be 用 were) (2) should+ 动词原形 ( 不用 would) (3) were to+ 动词原形, 主句用 would (should, could, might)+ 动词原形, 如 : If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 假如明天下雨, 运动会就推迟 If he were to do this test, he might do it in some other way. 要是他做这项试验的话, 可能用别的方法来做 If she came to see me tomorrow, I would stay at home. 要是她明天来看我, 我就呆在家里 (6) if 在虚拟条件句中的省略以 if 引导的虚拟条件句, 如把条件从句的 were, had, should 提到句首倒装, 就可省略 if 如: Were there no friction, an automobile could not move.(=if there were no friction, ) 如果没有摩擦力, 汽车就不能开动 Had I left earlier, I would have caught the train.(=if I had left ) 我要是早些动身, 就赶上了火车 Should it rain tomorrow, what would we do?(=if it should rain ) 明天万一下雨, 我们怎么办? (7) 2

3 虚拟语气用于 wish 引出的宾语从句 wish 常表示一种强烈的主观愿望这种愿望往往实现的可能性并不大, 或者与实际情况不符其一般用法是 : 用过去时表示与现在事实相反, 用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反, 用过去将来时表示与将来事实相反详见下表 : 与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反 1. 过去时 (be 用 were) 2.could+ 动词原形 1. 过去完成时 2.could (would)+have+ 过去分词 would (could, might)+ 动词原形 1) 表示与现在事实相反, 从句用过去时 (be 用 were) 或 could+ 动词原形, 如 : We wish that we had a car. 要是我们有辆汽车就好了 ( 现在没有车 ) I wish that there were more time in a day. 但愿一天里有更多的时间 I wish that I could join you. 真希望我能和你们在一起 ( 现在不可能 ) (8) 2) 表示与过去事实相反, 从句用过去完成时或 could (would)+have+ 过去分词, 如 : She wishes that she had had time to do her homework last night. 她真希望自己昨晚有时间做家庭作业 ( 事实上昨晚没有时间 ) She wishes she had got the film ticket for last night. 她真希望能搞到昨晚的电影票 I wish I could have gone out dancing last night. 我真希望昨晚能出去跳舞 ( 事实上昨晚只能呆在家里 ) 3) 表示与将来事实相反, 从句用 would (could, might)+ 动词原形, 如 : I wish she would stop crying. 我希望她会停止哭泣 I wish my son might stay with me. 我希望我儿子能和我住在一起 (9) 虚拟语气用于表示建议请求命令等动词引起的宾语从句宾语从句由这类动词引起时, 从句中的动词形式用 (should+) 动词原形如 : The doctor suggested that he (should) stay in the hospital for a week. 医生建议他在医院里住一个星期 My mother insisted that the doctor (should) be sent for at once. 我母亲坚持要马上去请医生 He requested that they (should) not make the same mistake again. 他要求他们不要再犯 3

4 同一个错误常用的这类动词有 :suggest( 建议 ),propose( 提议 ),advise( 劝告 ),recommend( 建议 ), ask( 要求 ),require( 要求 ),demand( 命令 ),insist( 坚持 ),request( 要求 ),order( 命令 ) 等 (10) 虚拟语气用于 It is (was)+ 过去分词 +that 的句型中在 It is (was)+ 过去分词 +that 的句型中, 过去分词如果表示建议命令请求等意思的话,that 引导的主语从句需用 should( 可省去 )+ 动词原形 It is suggested that the machine (should) be repaired at once. 有人建议机器应马上修理 It is requested that you (should) finish this test on time. 要求你们准时做完这个测试 It is desired that the students (should) get well prepared for the exam. 希望学生对考试做好充分的准备 (11) 虚拟语气用 It is (was)+ 形容词 +that 的句型中在 It is (was)+ 少数形容词 ( 如 important, necessary, natural, strange 等 )+that 的句型中, that 引导的主语从句常用 should( 可省去 )+ 动词原形 It is important that we (should) respect the old. 我们要尊敬老人, 这很重要 It is necessary that the results of an experiment (should) be checked. 必须对实验的结果进行核对 It is quite natural that she (should) turn to her mother for help. 她向她母亲求助是很自然的 It is strange that he (should) fail in the test. 奇怪的是他这次测试不及格 (12) 虚拟语气用于状语从句 1) 常用于由 as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句中, 表示与事实相反的假设, 从句中的动 4 词形式与虚拟条件句相同

5 The old man treated that young man as if he were his own son. 这老人待那年轻人就像对他自己的儿子一样 ( 事实上, 年轻人不是老人的儿子 ) She looks as if she had not slept last night. 她看起来好像昨晚不曾睡觉 ( 事实上, 她昨晚睡过觉 ) 注意 : 在动词 look, seem, sound, smell 后面的 as if 从句中, 如果事情很可能成为事实或趋向于真实, 可不必用虚拟语气 It seems as if you are right. 看起来好像你是对的 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了 (13) 2) 用于 lest( 以免 ),for fear that( 唯恐 ),in case( 以防, 免得 ) 等引出的目的状语从句, 从句中的谓语动词用 (should+) 动词原形 He wrote the name down for fear that he (should) forget it. 他把名字写下来以免忘了 I looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong on the way. 我仔细检查了发动机, 以免车子在路上出毛病 Here is some money in case you (should) need it. 这里有些钱, 万一你有需要注意 : 用 in case 连接时, 只是对于可能性小的事情, 用 should+ 动词原形, 一般用陈述语气 You d better take an umbrella in case it rains. 你最好带把伞, 以防下雨 (14) 虚拟语气用于 It is (high/about) time that 的句型在这种句型中, 从句中的谓语动词一般用过去时, 但也可用 should+ 动词原形 It is about time that you handed in your homework. 你该交回家作业了 It is time we began our discussion. 我们该开始讨论了 It is high time we went (should go) to the meeting. 我们该去开会了 (15) 用介词短语表示虚拟条件 5

6 Without your support, we couldn t have finished the job. (=If we hadn t had your support, ) 如果没有你们的支持, 我们就不可能完成这项工作 With her help, I would do the experiment well. (=If I had her help, ) 如有她帮助, 我就可以把实验做好 With a more responsible doctor, the child would not have died. 如果换一个负责点的医生的话, 孩子不会死 (16) 6

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99 學年度班群總介紹第 370 期班群總導陳怡靜 G45 班群總導陳怡靜(河馬) A 家惠如家浩 T 格宜蓁小霖怡家 M 璇均蓁雴家數學領域珈玲國燈 370-2 英領域 Kent 2010 年 8 月 27 日出刊精緻教育宜蘭縣公辦民營人國民中小學財團法人人適性教育基金會承辦地址 : 宜蘭縣 26141 頭城鎮雅路 150 號 (03)977-3396 http://www.jwps.ilc.edu.tw 健康 VS. 學習各位合夥人其實都知道, 我是個胖子, 而