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1 Opto-Electronic Engineering 光电工程 Article 29 年, 第 46 卷, 第期 DOI:.286/oee 胶囊内窥镜像素数的匹配率和分辨有效性评价法研究 C P S r P Δl α 2 贾晓航, 张沁园 *, 颜青来, 杨仕明 2, 陈德宝 Δl 38 α d a 摘要 : 针对胶囊式内窥镜, 建立了全视场光学分辨率与像素数匹配水平的评价, 以及像素数分辨有效性的评价方法该方法通过选择过面阵传感器行或列扫描水平的光轴截面为分析用子午面, 以光学分辨角和像素元投射角为分析单元导出线分辨元数线像素数有效率视场中心匹配率及全视场最大匹配率, 并采用球面视场的分辨距与分辨角简易转换来简化测量方法这些参数构成了胶囊式内窥镜像素数的匹配率和分辨有效性的评价依据, 可为产品设计分析评价及修改提供参考依据关键词 : 胶囊式内窥镜 ; 匹配率 ; 分辨有效性 ; 像素数中图分类号 :R57;O439 文献标志码 :A 引用格式 : 贾晓航, 张沁园, 颜青来, 等. 胶囊内窥镜像素数的匹配率和分辨有效性评价法研究 [J]. 光电工程,29, 46(): 82 The study of the methods for evaluating the matching rate of capsule endoscope pixels and its resolution effectiveness Jia Xiaohang, Zhang Qinyuan *, Yan Qinglai, Yang Shiming 2, Chen Debao Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Testing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 38, China; 2 Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 437, China Abstract: The evaluation for the matching level beteen the optical resolution and the pixels number on the full field of vie of the capsule endoscope, and the evaluation methods for the resolution effectiveness of pixels number ere established. This method selects the horizontal optical axis section as the meridian plane to analyze. The section passing through the planar array sensor is ro or column scanned. The line resolution elements number, the line pixel efficiency, the center field matching rate, and the full field maximum matching rate ere derived by the analysis unit using the optical resolution angle and the pixel element projection angle. The simple conversion method of resolution length and resolution angle on the spherical field of vie can simplify the measurement. These parameters not only constitute the evaluation basis for matching ratio and resolution validity of the pixel number of the capsule endoscope, but also offer a reference for product design, analysis and modification. Keyords: capsule endoscope; matching rate; resolution effectiveness; pixel 收稿日期 :28-3-9; 收到修改稿日期 : 基金项目 :(26YFC7) 作者简介 :(96-) jxh226@63.com 通信作者 :(983-) zhang.qinyuan@63.com 82-

2 DOI:.286/oee Citation: Jia X H, Zhang Q Y, Yan Q L, et al. The study of the methods for evaluating the matching rate of capsule endoscope pixels and its resolution effectiveness[j]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 29, 46(): 82 引言 [-2] [3] 2 分析用轴截面和视场选择 - P a d 2 YY [4] 2 mm d P - C S r P d+ a S r S r 3 线分辨元数和测试方法 C P S r P α Δl 2 Δl α d a 图胶囊镜物 - 像关系示意图 Fig. Object -image relationship diagram of capsule endoscopes 82-2

3 DOI:.286/oee α ( ~ ) = S r Δl α Δl 2 α α,, α, α,α,,α,,α n /2 + i n /2 n n n n α i α = =Δ () i i i i n n /2 = 2 i= (/ αi) Δi Δ i Δ i α = α i d d / α r [5] α r ( ) r ( ) =, (2) α r ( ) n n = 2 rd (3) P n n / n S r r ( ) = ( a+ d)/ Δl r ( ) j( j=,2, ) j = = Δl j r j r ( ) j (3) Σ 4 线像素数的匹配率和测试方法 n / n S r P b b ε S r b ε l P l = nb n k ε k = (4) α k k = k ( ) k ( ) k k k r k k r [5-6] ε k = k = = α k ( ) α ε r( ) k α ε, (5) α / α ε / ε ~ α / α ε / ε S r P ε b 2 b l ε b d a 图 2 胶囊镜像素元投影关系图 Fig. 2 Pixel element projection diagram of capsule endoscopes 82-3

4 DOI:.286/oee r S 2 α =Δl /( a+ d) ε = b /( a+ d) α / α =Δl / Δl ε / ε = b / b m m [7-8] m / m = ( b / b)/( b / b) b / b = m / m k r Δl / Δl kr = (6) m / m k r j( j=,2,, = ) Δl Δ l j m j / m kr, j k r m j Δl j Δl j Δl j b YY e S r j e j P m / m = e / j e j k ) p ( ) = / ε p p r ( ) k ( ) p = r/ k n n= 2 pd p r = r/ k r (7) k (8) p = k p, (7) r 2 k = p rd (8) n r ( )/ kr p r S r k ε a+ d m pr = = = ε α ε Δl m p r k r p r (8) k 2) k k n / n n / n k kr kr = k rd / k n k (9) n k rd 5% k r k k ( ) k m, m k ( ) k r k k 5 评价应用举例 a+ d 8 mm A 57.5 n 48 B 56.4 n 48 2 S r 表测试及测算数据 Table Test and calculate data j Manufacturer A 's product Manufacturer B 's product Δl j m j /m Δl j m j /m 表 2 测试结果 Table 2 Test result n n /n k k,m m Manufacturer A 's product Manufacturer B 's product

DOI:.286/oee.29.82 2.5 2..5..5 r() k r () p r () r() k r () p r () 4. 5 5 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 3.5 3. 2.5 2..5..5 5 5 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 /( ) 图 3 A 厂家产品函数曲线 Fig.

4 The function curve of manufacturer B 's product 2 AB n B A n /n AB A k.44 B.76 A B A k,m B k,m.

5 DOI:.286/oee r() k r () p r () r() k r () p r () /( ) 图 3 A 厂家产品函数曲线 Fig. 3 The function curve of manufacturer A 's product /( ) 图 4 B 厂家产品函数曲线 Fig. 4 The function curve of manufacturer B 's product 2 AB n B A n /n AB A k.44 B.76 A B A k,m B k,m.4 m ( 5) r() k r () k r p r () r() 6 结论 n n /n k ( m k,m ) 图 5 某款胶囊内窥镜拍摄到的莫尔条纹现象 Fig. 5 The Moiré fringe captured by a capsule endoscope 82-5

6 DOI:.286/oee n n /n k ( m k,m ) r() k r p r () k r r() p r () 参考文献 [] Nakamura J. Image Sensors and Signal Processing for Digital Still Cameras[M]. Xu J T, Gao J, Nie H M, trans. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 25. Nakamura J. 数码相机中的图像传感器和信号处理 [M]. 徐江涛, 高静, 聂海明, 译. 北京 : 清华大学出版社, 25. [2] 王庆有. 图像传感器应用技术 [M]. 2 版. 北京 : 电子工业出版社, 23. [3] Chen Y. Study of CMOS vertical integrated pixel and image sensor[d]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 29. 陈远. 基于垂直层叠结构的 CMOS 像素和图像传感器研究 [D]. 杭州 : 浙江大学, 29. [4] Jia X H, Zhang Q Y, Duan X D, et al. Medical endoscopes Capsule endoscopes: YY [S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 28. 贾晓航, 张沁园, 段晓东, 等. 医用内窥镜胶囊式内窥镜 : YY [S]. 北京 : 中国标准出版社, 28. [5] Jia X H, He T, Yan Q L, et al. Medical endoscopes rigid endoscope Part : optical properties and test methods: YY [S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 29. 贾晓航, 何涛, 颜青来, 等. 医用内窥镜硬性内窥镜第部分 : 光学性能及测试方法 : YY [S]. 北京 : 中国标准出版社, 29. [6] Jia X H, Yan Q L, en Y. Evaluation base and method of medical rigid endoscope distortion[j]. Acta Optica Sinica, 26, 26(8): 贾晓航, 颜青来, 文燕. 医用硬性内窥镜畸变的评定基础和方法 [J]. 光学学报, 26, 26(8): [7] Liu M C, Zhang L, Liu P P, et al. Design of lens for 3 mega-pixel mobile phone camera[j]. Journal of Applied Optics, 28, 29(6): 刘茂超, 张雷, 刘沛沛, 等. 3 万像素手机镜头设计 [J]. 应用光学, 28, 29(6): [8] Gu J D, Xiang Y. Optical system design of electronic endoscope[j]. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 25, 38(2): 8 2, 24. 谷俊达, 向阳. 电子内窥镜光学系统设计 [J]. 长春理工大学学报 ( 自然科学版 ), 25, 38(2): 8 2, 24. [9] ang J H, Lu J H, Xu M. Optical design of the single-chip capsule endoscopt ith harmonic diffraction surface[j]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 22, 49(2): 王军华, 卢景红, 徐敏. 含有谐衍射面的单片式胶囊内窥镜光学设计 [J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 22, 49(2): [] Zhu J, Ding G L. Design of an ultra-small ide-angle medical endoscope lens[j]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 24, 5(9): 朱佳巍, 丁桂林. 一款超小型广角医用内窥镜镜头的设计 [J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 24, 5(9): [] Zhang Y H, Huang Z H. The progress of capsule endoscope technology[j]. Modern Instruments, 26, 2(4): 4 7. 张艳辉, 黄战华. 胶囊内窥镜技术的研究进展 [J]. 现代仪器, 26, 2(4): 4 7. [2] 吕联荣, 姜道连, 田春苗. 电视原理及其应用技术 [M]. 天津 : 天津大学出版社, 2. [3] Guo X, Zhang, Su J H, et al. Design of a focus-tunable capsule endoscope system[j]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 25, 44(5): 郭鑫, 张薇, 速晋辉, 等. 可调焦胶囊内窥镜光学系统设计 [J]. 光子学报, 25, 44(5): [4] Ye B, ang L Q, Shi Y, et al. High resolution miniaturized CMOS camera module for medical electronic endoscope[j]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2, 39(): 叶斌, 王立强, 石岩, 等. 高清医用电子内窥镜微型 CMOS 摄像模组 ( 英文 )[J]. 光子学报, 2, 39(): [5] Ding Q, ang H N. An imaging technique of microcapsule endoscope using a GRIN lens[j]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 24, 33(7): 丁琴, 王惠南. 采用 GRIN 透镜的微胶囊内窥成像技术 [J]. 光子学报, 24, 33(7): [6] Tseng Y C, Han P, Hsu H C, et al. A flexible FOV capsule endoscope design based on compound lens[j]. Journal of Display Technology, 26, 2(2): 7. [7] Ouyang M, Jeng D. Design and analysis of radial imaging capsule endoscope (RICE) system[j]. Optics Express, 2, 9(5):

7 DOI:.286/oee The study of the methods for evaluating the matching rate of capsule endoscope pixels and its resolution effectiveness Jia Xiaohang, Zhang Qinyuan *, Yan Qinglai, Yang Shiming 2, Chen Debao Zhejiang Institute of Medical Device Testing, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 38, China; 2 Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 437, China 2.5 r() k r () p r () /( ) The function curve of manufacturer A 's product Overvie: Based on clinical application, the capsule endoscope is designed as a ide field of vie. Hoever, the ide field of vie ill cause distortion. The distortion is easy to generate the matching inconsistency beteen the pixel element and the optical resolution element in the full field of vie. Then the effectiveness of the pixels has declined. Furthermore, the distortion even causes the mismatching in some positions. The small intestine capsule endoscope is used to observe the surrounding field of vie. The detection found that Moiré pattern occurred in the small intestine capsule endoscopy. Therefore, researches ere carried out to establish the evaluation for the matching level beteen the optical resolution and the pixel number on the full field of vie of the capsule endoscope, and the evaluation methods for the resolution validity of pixel number. This method selects the horizontal optical axis section as the meridian plane to analyze. The section passing through the planar array sensor is ro or column scanned. The analytical method of the optical resolution angle continuation arrangement as adopted. Then the algorithm of line resolution element number as derived. The number of effective pixels of the line as described by the number of resolution elements. Then, the effective rate of line pixel number as obtained. The pixel element projection angle and the optical resolution angle ere taken as the analytical units. The ratio beteen the pixel element projection angle and the optical resolution angle in the same field of vie position as regarded as the line-matching ratio. Three basic functions for analysis ere further extended, including the resolution angle density function, the relative function of line matching ratio and the density eigenfunction of pixel element projection angle. A simple measurement method as derived by using the simple conversion relations beteen a line segment and an included angle on a spherical field of vie. Those three basic functions for analysis ere obtained by fitting, so that the situation of the pixel element and the optical resolution element in every position, the matching details beteen to elements and the matching level beteen to elements in the full field of vie ere obtained. The parameters, including the line resolution element number, effective rate of line pixel number, center field of vie matching ratio, maximum matching ratio of the full field of vie and its position and other parameters, not only constitute the evaluation basis for matching ratio and resolution validity of the pixel number of the capsule endoscope, but also offer a reference for product design, analysis and modification. Citation: Jia X H, Zhang Q Y, Yan Q L, et al. The study of the methods for evaluating the matching rate of capsule endoscope pixels and its resolution effectiveness[j]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 29, 46(): 82 Supported by National Key Research and Development Plan Fund (26YFC7) * zhang.qinyuan@63.com 82-7

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[1-3] (Smile) [4] 808 nm (CW) W 1 50% 1 W 1 W Fig.1 Thermal design of semiconductor laser vertical stack ; Ansys 20 bar ; bar 2 25 Fig 40 6 2011 6 Vol.40 No.6 Infrared and Laser Engineering Jun. 2011 808 nm 2000 W 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 12 (1. 710119 2. 710119) : bar 808 nm bar 100 W 808 nm 20 bar 2 000 W bar LIV bar 808 nm : : TN248.4 TN365