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2 中国大中型水利水电项目移民政策及长江三峡工程征地移民实践 CLSPI Resettlement Policy on China s Large and Medium-sized Hydropower Project and Resettlement Practice of Three Gorges Project Zhang Xiaoling( 张晓玲 ) (zxlzxl@vip.sina.com) China Land Surveying and Planning Institute

3 CLSPI 1 土地征收的一般规定 General provisions of land expropriation 2 大中型水利水电项目土地征收的特别规定 Special provisions for land expropriation for large and medium-sized hydraulic and hydroelectric projects 4 三峡工程移民的基本特点 Fundamental characteristics of resettlement of Three Gorges Project(TGP) 3 三峡工程移民的主要经验 Main experience of resettlement of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area 5 后移民时期面临的挑战 Challenges faced in post migration period

4 CLSPI 1 土地征收的一般规定 General provisions of land expropriation

5 土地公有制 Public land ownership CLSPI 中华人民共和国宪法规定: 城市市区的土地属于国家所有农村和郊区的土地, 除了法律规定的属于国家所有的以外, 属于农民集体所有国有土地主要在城市农民集体土地主要在农村 As stipulated in the Constitution of the People s Republic of China, lands in urban areas are owned by the state and lands in suburbs and rural areas are rural-collective owned. State-owned lands are mainly in cities, while rural-collective lands are mainly in rural areas.

6 CLSPI State-owned lands rural-collective lands

7 土地征收的一般规定 General provisions of land expropriation CLSPI 土地集体土地 collective-owned land 集体土地 collective-owned land 国有土地 state-owned land 集体土地 collective-owned land 土地征收 land expropriation 用地者 land user 用地者 land user 土地供应 land supply 用地者 land user

8 一般项目土地征收政策 General provisions of expropriation ofland for general project CLSPI 经济补偿 : 按照公布的标准 Economic compensation: according to the published criteria 多种方式安置 : 安排就业 Various measures to resettle farmers livelihood: providing job replacement 就业培训支持创业 Employment training, promoting entrepreneurial opportunities 各种保险 ( 养老失业医疗 ) Various insurance (endowment, unemployment and medical insurance) 保留一定面积经营性土地 Retaining a certain amount of commercial land 给予更多的房屋用于出租 giving more residential houses for rent,,,,

9 CLSPI 中国正处于快速工业化和城市化阶段, 由于各项非农建设项目的实施, 每年约需要新增建设用地约万公顷, 涉及被征地农民约 300 万人左右 China is now in the stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the newly added built-up land increases by 550,000 to 600,000 hectares every year for various nonagricultural construction projects and approximately 3 million farmers are involved in land expropriation.

10 CLSPI 2 大中型水利水电项目土地征收的特别规定 Special provisions for compensation and resettlement of land expropriation for large and medium-sized hydropower projects

11 CLSPI 国务院颁布大中型水利水电工程建设征地补偿和移民安置条例, 进行了特别规定与其他基础设施项目征地移民政策相比主要有 4 个方面不同 The State Council promulgated the Regulations on Land Compensation and Rural Resettlement for Large and Medium-sized Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Projects. There are four differences on resettlement policies compared to other infrastructure projects.

12 CLSPI 相对固定的征收土地补偿标准 (16 倍年产值 ) Fixed compensation (16 AOV) rate for land expropriation 编制并实施移民安置规划 Formulation and implementation of resettlement action plan 实行后期扶持政策 Implementation of post-resettlement supporting policies 建立了一套移民安置管理体系 Establishment of a set of management system for resettlement

13 CLSPI 在过去几年中, 每年用于水利水电项目用地约 3 万公顷, 这些用地涉及被征地农民的数量约为 30 万人左右这个数据不包含下面三峡移民案例涉及的移民数量 Over the past few years, land used for construction of hydropower projects is about 30,000 hectares per year and there are about 300,000 farmers involved in land expropriation. This data does not include the number of resettlars of Three Gorges Project. 去年和今年, 中央政府已经明确要求, 在中西部地区建设一批重大水利工程项目涉及移民数量将会增加 Last year and this year, China's central government points out that a number of major hydraulic projects will be built in China's cental and western regions, and the number of resettlars involved in the projects will increase.

14 CLSPI CLSPI 3 三峡工程移民的基本特点 Fundamental characteristics of resettlement of Three Gorges Project(TGP)

Mr.SHI NRCR, Hohai University Three Gorges Valley Map TGP: One of the biggest hydropowercomplex project

project Shanghai Yichang Chongqing Gezhouba Water Control pivotal project Three Gorges Dam: Length :

3 billion m 3 Reserved flood control capacity : 22.

15 Mr.SHI NRCR, Hohai University Three Gorges Valley Map TGP: One of the biggest hydropowercomplex project in the world Location: Yichang City, Hubei Province controlled catchment The Three Gorges pivotal project Shanghai Yichang Chongqing Gezhouba Water Control pivotal project Three Gorges Dam: Length : 2335 meters Highness: 185 meters Normal water level:175 meters Total reservoir storage: 39.3 billion m 3 Reserved flood control capacity : billion m 3 Turbine-generator units : 26units, each with installed capacity of 700MW Total capacity: MW The Annual total energy: duration 84.7 : 17Years( ) TWH

三峡工程移民的基本特点 Fundamental characteristics of resettlement of

TGP has very large number of resettlars, 1.

特点之三 : 库区移民环境容量不足 Thirdly, resettlement environmental carrying

16 三峡工程移民的基本特点 Fundamental characteristics of resettlement of Three Gorges Project(TGP) CLSPI 特点之一 : 移民数量大,130 万 Firstly, TGP has very large number of resettlars, 1.3 millions 特点之二 : 涉及范围广 Secondly, TGP involved a wide range. 特点之三 : 库区移民环境容量不足 Thirdly, resettlement environmental carrying capacity is limited. 特点之四 : 时间跨度长 Fourthly, the time span of TGP is long( ),17years

17 CLSPI 4 三峡工程移民的主要经验 Main experience of resettlement of TGP

18 三峡工程移民的主要经验 Main experience of resettlement of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area CLSPI 第一 : 制定条例, 使移民搬迁工作有法可依 Firstly, special regulations are formulated on the basis of pilot project so that there are laws for resettlement tasks to be followed by. 第二 : 实行特殊的管理体制 Secondly, implementation of special management system 第三 : 编制实施分县分省移民搬迁安置规划 Thirdly, resettlement action plan has to be drawn by counties and provinces, respectively. 第四 : 就地安置与外迁安置相结合 Fourthly, back-up relocation and outward relocation should be combined.

19 三峡工程移民的主要经验 Main experience of resettlement of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area CLSPI 共外迁农村移民 19.6 万 Rural resettlars reached 196,000, to the eleven provinces and cities from reservoir areas in Chongqing 湖北省的外迁移民全部安置在本省非库区农村 The resettlars from Hubei Province are all relocated in rural areas other than reservoir area 重庆市的外迁移民, 除在本市非库区农村安置外, 还外迁到上海江苏浙江安徽福建江西山东湖北湖南广东四川等 11 个省 ( 市 ) 的农村进行农业安置 The resettlars from Chongqing city, except those relocated in rural areas other than reservoir area in local city, resetted to the eleven provinces and cities, like Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Sichuan etc.

20 CLSPI Shandong Distribution map of rural resettlement areas of TGP Reservoir Area Jiangsu Sichuan Hubei Anhui shanghai Chongqing Hunan Jiangxi Zhejiang Fujian Guangdong

21 三峡工程移民的主要经验 Main experience of resettlement of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area CLSPI 第五 : 工矿企业搬迁与结构调整相结合 Fifthly, relocation of industrial and mining enterprises is combined with structural readjustment. 第六 : 国家建立建设基金, 支持库区发展建设 Sixthly, national construction fund has been established to support development and construction of reservoir area. 第七 : 举全国之力, 对口支援三峡库区 Seventhly, Chinese government brings the strength of the entire country to provide assistance to Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

22 三峡工程移民的主要经验 Main experience of resettlement of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

23 CLSPI 5 后移民时期面临的挑战 Challenges faced in post resettlement period

24 后移民时期的挑战 Challenges faced in post resettlement period CLSPI 一, 人地矛盾 First of all, contradictions between big population and little land become increasingly prominent. 二, 可持续生计发展 Secondly, difficulties in Sustainable livelihoods development and Stabilizing employment. 三, 文化融合 Thirdly, a adaptation and integration of social-cultures seems to be difficult.

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chr82-06DuanW.hwp 上海小三線建設在縣域分佈特點的歷史地理考察 - 以安徽省寧國縣为例 - 段偉 ( 中國復旦大學 ) Ⅰ. 序言 Ⅱ. 上海小三線建設的選址與寧國縣的區位 Ⅲ. 小三線企事業單位在寧國縣的分佈 Ⅳ. 改造後的寧國縣小三線建設與城鎮發展 Ⅴ.