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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Feb. 204, 22(2): DOI: /SP.J * 谭德水江丽华 2 谭淑樱徐钰魏建林 ** 刘兆辉 ( ; ) 农业生产中为获得较高作物产量而投入大量的化学肥料, 同时不合理的田间管理措施使硝态氮在土壤中大量累积, 增加了淋溶风险不同作物搭配生长及种植模式在协同提高作物产量充分利用光热资源提高集约化生产能力方面是一种有效的栽培措施, 同时在高效利用土壤养分改善生态环境降低硝态氮污染方面具有很大潜力本文从不同类型作物搭配生长及不同种植模式 ( 设施蔬菜与填闲作物粮食作物与经济作物粮食作物与粮食作物粮食作物与露地蔬菜蔬菜与蔬菜 ) 方面综述了高效利用土壤氮素降低土壤硝态氮累积与淋失的效果, 并根据不同类型作物特点进行了机理上的解释文末以搭配作物根系为突破点对作物种植模式进行了研究展望作物类型搭配种植模式土壤硝态氮淋失 : S52.; S626 : A : (204) Research progress on collocation planting of crops for decreasing the loss of soil nitrate nitrogen through leaching TAN Deshui, JIANG Lihua, TAN Shuying 2, XU Yu, WEI Jianlin, LIU Zhaohui (. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 25000, China; 2. Service Center of Test Base, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 25000, China) Abstract In order to obtain the higher crop yield, the more fertilizers were applied to the soil. At the same time, unreasonable field management measures cause massive nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil, which leads to a risk to the ground water due to N leaching. Collocation planting of different types of crops is one of the effective cultivation strategies to increase crops yield and improve utilization of photo-thermal resources, and simultaneously reduce soil nitrate nitrogen loss through enhancing soil nutrient use efficiency. Collocation planting patterns of different types of crops (such as facility vegetables and catch crops, grain crops and economic crops, grain crops and grain crops, grain crops and outdoor vegetables, vegetables and vegetables) were introduced in this paper. And, the effects of different collocation planting patterns on soil N utilization, reduction of accumulation and leachate of soil nitrate nitrogen were discussed too. The mechanisms were explained from the characteristics of different crops. Finally, some research prospects in the future were put forward on the planting patterns. It was suggested that studies on root system of collocation planted crops was the breakthrough point. Keywords Crop type; Collocation planting pattern; Soil nitrate nitrogen; Loss through leaching (Received Jun. 2, 203; accepted Nov., 203), [ 2],, * (203AA0290) ( ) ( , ) (202CX90202) (3060) ** : liuzhaohui@saas.ac.cn tandeshui@63.com : :

2 2 : 37 ( ) [3],, ( ) [4 6], [2],,, [7 8] [9] [0] [],,, : [2], [3] [4] ( / ),, ( ) 设施蔬菜与填闲作物轮作模式对土壤硝态氮的影响,,,,,, : 732 kg hm 2, 4.5, hm t, 23.3 m 3 0 mg L [5] 45.7%, 67.6%,.,,,, 6 7, ( 60% ), 8 90~20 d ( 40~60 d),, 6 9 ( 60% ),,, [6], [7 8].2,,, C4,, C4, : [9] [20], [5],,,,, [2],

3 ,, 20~30 g m 2, 2.6 cm d,.3 [7],, [22] 80~00 cm, [5],,,, [23],, Gustafson [24], 9 g m 2 ( ), 75%, [22], [25],, 2 粮 / 粮 ( 经 ) 作物间作模式对土壤硝态氮的影响, ( ), [26], 2. /,,,,, [2] [27], :,,,,, [28] /,, / Mayer [29] 5 N,,,, Peoples [30], 000~2 000 kg hm 2, 50~00 kg hm 2, [3],, 0~90 cm kg hm kg hm kg hm kg hm 2, Mayer [29],, 2.2 /,,,,, / [32] /, 0~200 cm >,, 0~200 cm 57%~96%, 25%~47%,,, [33] [34] [35] /, 3.75% [36] :

4 2 : 39, 0~60 cm, 0~200 cm, 0~60 cm, / / [37] [38] :,, Thomsen [39] [2] / 3 粮食 / 蔬菜与菜 / 菜间作模式对土壤硝态氮的影响,,, [40], 3. /, [4] [42], [43], [44] NO 3 -N, kg NO 3 -N, 60% [45],,, [46] / : ;,, ;,,, 3.2 /,,,,, [47],, Whitmore [48],, Shock [49],, ; [50], /,, 4 结语, /2 /3 [5] ( ),,, [52],, [53] [54],,, [55]

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中国农学通报 2014,30(3):15-19 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 棉花叶面施肥研究进展李永旗, 李鹏程, 刘爱忠, 董合林 ( 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 / 棉花生物学国家重点实验室, 河南安阳 455000) 摘要 : 作物叶面施肥