8 15 MOSFET 减速器 - 3 电机方向其他辅盘助系统电机控制器 4-5 蓄电池组充电机 V Fig. 1 Drive system structure of pure electric vehicle state of charge

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1 ELECTRI C MACHINES AND CONTROL Vol. 15 No. 11 Nov WI V U 469 A X Effects of battery direct power supply on driving performance of electric vehicles LIU Ping 1 LIU He-ping 1 GUO Qiang 1 FU Qiang 1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing 44 China. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee WI5311 USA Abstract In order to optimize the parameter matching design of electric vehicles EV drive system and the performance of motor controller the effects on the performance for EV were studied by analyzing the driving characteristics of battery direct-powered motor. Based on a simplified battery model the discharge characteristics were studied from the load point. Taking a 48V battery pack powered pure EV converted from an alto car as an example the simulated and tested results of the battery discharge characteristics were carried out under a special operating condition. Then according to the mechanical characteristic of asynchronous motor and the analysis on an example of motor drive characteristics the effects of battery direct power supply on EV driving performance were discussed in-depth. The results show that as the complicated and changeable operating conditions of EV there are problems with frequent voltage fluctuations of motor controller voltagesags and insufficient battery power in the battery direct power supply when high power is required. These problems lead to deterioration in the maximum torque output and efficiency of motor drive system and reduction in the maximum speed climbing and acceleration ability of EV. Key words electric vehicles asynchronous motors mechanical characteristic battery discharge characteristics drive performance voltage variation AA5135 CDJXS

2 8 15 MOSFET 减速器 - 3 电机方向其他辅盘助系统电机控制器 4-5 蓄电池组充电机 V Fig. 1 Drive system structure of pure electric vehicle state of charge SOC 48V 3 SOC

11 9 Fig. V a R i R C I V t 负载 Equivalent circuit of battery Vt%/V 6 55 45 3 I/A.85 (a) 仿真曲线.9.95 剩余电量 1 V t = V o - R i + R C I 1 V o R i R C I P t = IV o - R i + R C I = V R i + R C + R o - z V ( o ) z R i + R C R i + R C + R R z V o R z (b) 实测曲线 dp t = 3 dr z Fig.

3 11 9 Fig. V a R i R C I V t 负载 Equivalent circuit of battery Vt%/V I/A.85 (a) 仿真曲线.9.95 剩余电量 1 V t = V o - R i + R C I 1 V o R i R C I P t = IV o - R i + R C I = V R i + R C + R o - z V ( o ) z R i + R C R i + R C + R R z V o R z (b) 实测曲线 dp t = 3 dr z Fig. 3 Simulation and measured curves of battery pack s R i + R C discharge characteristics V o P tmax = 4 R i + R C V o I = R i + R C 4 珚 U s = R s 珋 I s + jω e σl s 珋 I s + e s 5 L m e s = jω e 珋 I L sφ 6 r 珚 U s 珋 I s L s R s 1 ~ 4 珋 I sφ ω e L r L m σ 1 - L m p e L s L s r 48 V I s R s 滓 L s U j 棕 Lm c I s 椎 s L r 3 a 3 4 b Fig. 4 Equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor 3 b 41V jω e σl s 珋 I s 5V I/A Vt%/V 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%18 3

4 3 15 T em T em = ω e R 3pU r s s R s + R 7 r ( s ) + x s + x r [ ] x s x r R r 6 s 1 6 r /min 3 r /min 5 n n.5u n.8u n U n 额定电压 B A B C 6 C 控制器 A 测试转矩控制器 B 测试转矩控制器 C 测试转矩理想转矩.5T n.64t n T n T %%%%%%%%%%%%1%6%%%%%%%%%%%3%%%%%%%%%%4%8%%%%%%%%%%6% n/(r min -1 ) 5 6 Fig. 5 Relation between torque and stator voltage Fig. 6 Comparison between measured maximum torque 7 5 and design value of asynchronous motor F W F f F i F j 3. F = F w + F f + F i + F j 8 3 % 1% % 7 48 V Ah 1 N m 33 V 5 kw kw A B C PG ACT465L Curtis A 6 % 6 5 最大输出车辆阻转矩力曲线 3 3 实际工作特性 1 % v 1 v v/(km h -1 ) 7 Fig. 7 Effect of the different of motor peak power charac-

curve 8 6 9 9 a 9 c 9 b d 8 ~ 1% 9 b 9% 9 d 8% 9 b 9 d 9 1.8 效率.6.4.

%%%%%%%%5%%%%1%%%%%1%5%%%%%%%%%5%%%%3% (b) 电池组电压波动较小时电机效率 1.8.6.4.

9 4 %%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%1%5%%%%%%%%%%%5 (d) 电池组电压波动较大时电机效率 Operation points and efficiency of traction motor

5 11 31 Fig. 8 teristic on EV performance 驱动力对应加速时间峰值驱动力实际驱动力 EV driving force vs acceleration time curve a 9 c 9 b d 8 ~ 1% 9 b 9% 9 d 8% 9 b 9 d 效率 %%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%3%%%%%4%%%%5%%%%%6% n/(r min -1 ) (a) 电池组电压波动较小时电机实际工作点 8 6 效率 %%%%%%%%5%%%%1%%%%%1%5%%%%%%%%%5%%%%3% (b) 电池组电压波动较小时电机效率 %%%%%%1%%%%%%%%%3%%%%%4%%%%5%%%%%6% n/(r min -1 ) (c) 电池组电压波动较大时电机实际工作点 Fig. 9 4 %%%%%%%%%%5%%%%%%%1%%%%%%%1%5%%%%%%%%%%%5 (d) 电池组电压波动较大时电机效率 Operation points and efficiency of traction motor under different voltage vibrations 3 48 V 1 1 CHAN C C. The state of the art of electric hybrid and fuel cell vehicles J. Proceedings of the IEEE ZHU Z Q HOWE D. Electrical machines and drives for electric hybrid and fuel cell vehicles J. Proceedings of the IEEE LARMINIE James LOWRY John. Explained M Electric Vehicle Technology. Chichester John Wiley & Sons 3 141

6 ZERAOULIA M BENBOUZID M E H DIALLO D. Electric motor drive selection issues for HEV propulsion systems a comparative study J. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology BAI Zhonghao CAO Libo YANG Jian. Study on methods for assessing J performance of power batteries used in pure electric vehi- HE Hongwen YU Xianjiang SUN Fengchun. Study on power cle J. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 6 performance of traction motor system for electric vehicle J. Proceedings of the CSEE EKDUNGE Per. A simplified model of the lead /acid battery J. 6. Journal of Power Sources J DING Tingting WANG Xiuhe YANG Yubo et al. The effect of supply voltage on performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motors J. Electric Machines and Control EHSANI M GAO Yimin GAY S. Characterization of electric motor drives for traction applications C / /IEEE 9th Annual Industrial Electronics Society Conference November Roanoke USA J. Electric Machines and Control XIE Lirong WANG Zhiyong CHAO Qin. Research on the mechanical characteristic of squierrelcage asynchronous motor J. Proceedings of the CSEE EHSANI M GAO Y M EMADI A. Modern Electric Hybrid E- J lectric and Fuel Cell Vehicles-Fundamentals Theory and Design M ZHAO Haisen LIU Xiaofang LUO Yingli et al. Losses characteristics of cage induction motors under voltage deviation conditions. nd Edition Boca Raton CRC Press 9 19 J. Electric Machines and Control J ZHANG Bin GUO Liandui CUI Zhongbin et al. Voltage characteristics of Li - ion power battery for EVs J. Chinese Battery Industry J J GONG Qingjie HUANG Haiyan LI Jianqiu. Modeling study of a vehicle traction battery model J. Chinese LABAT Man J WU Guoliang ZHU Chunbo CHEN Qingquan. Research on a piecewise mathematical model with decay factor for battery J. 15 KIM Junha JUNG Jinhwan NAM Kwanghee. Dual - inverter control strategy for high-speed operation of EV induction motors J. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Vol. 22 No. 4 JOURNAL OF HARBIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Aug GPS,,, : km, 2. 51, , ; ; ; ; DOI: 10.

22 4 2017 8 Vol. 22 No. 4 JOURNAL OF HARBIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Aug. 2017 150080 GPS,,, : 27. 36 km, 2. 51, 110. 43, ; ; ; ; DOI: 10. 15938 /j. jhust. 2017. 04. 015 U469. 13 A 1007-2683

8 15 MOSFET 减速器 - 3 电机方向其他辅 盘助系统电机控制器 4-5 蓄电池组充电机 V Fig. 1 Drive system structure of pure electric vehicle state of charge

8 15 MOSFET 减速器 - 3 电机方向其他辅盘助系统电机控制器 4-5 蓄电池组充电机 V Fig. 1 Drive system structure of pure electric vehicle state of charge