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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Apr. 2018, 26(4): DOI: /j.cnki.cjea ,. [J]., 2018, 26(4): PING X Y, ZHOU L. Research prospects and progress on chilling injury of economic forest and fruit trees in South China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(4): * 平晓燕 1 2**, 周莉 ( ; 2. / ) : 全球气候变化背景下, 经济林果的寒害敏感性和寒害风险越来越引起科学家的广泛关注 为全面了解我国华南地区经济林果寒害方面的研究现状, 在综合分析近 10 年来相关文献的基础上, 从寒害的定义和气象学类型 寒害的作用机理及影响因素 寒害的辨识与分级 寒害风险评估 寒害监测预警及防寒减灾措施等 6 个方面系统阐述了目前华南地区经济林果的寒害研究进展, 概括了目前寒害研究存在的主要问题 为实现华南地区经济林果种植布局的合理规划 寒害的精确预报预警和经济林果业的可持续发展, 未来的寒害研究要重点关注综合寒害指数的准确构建 抗寒基因的转入和定量表达 区域尺度及全球气候变化背景下的动态寒害风险评估等方面 将卫星遥感影像数据和地理信息系统 (GIS) 技术相结合, 借助于寒害的机理性研究和野外调查结果, 综合考虑物种的生物学特性和地形差异, 实现寒害的准确和定量化分级 寒害的精确预警和风险区划也将是未来的研究趋势 : 华南地区 ; 经济林果 ; 寒害 ; 作用机理 ; 寒害指数 ; 寒害监测 ; 风险评估 : P49 : A : (2018) Research prospects and progress on chilling injury of economic forest and fruit trees in South China * PING Xiaoyan 1, ZHOU Li 2** (1. Research Center for Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing , China; 2. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Severe Weathers, Beijing , China) Abstract: Chilling injury has posed severe threat to the environment and agroforestry in South China and it has gained considerable research attention in terms of species sensitivity and injury risk with the unfolding global climate change. To thoroughly understand the current status of chilling injury, this study summarized and reviewed progresses in chilling injury researches in South China using relevant literatures in recent ten years. The definition and types of chilling injury, differences between chilling injury and other common types of low-temperature injury, mechanism of chilling injury and its controlling factors, methods of identification and classification of chilling injury, critical temperature of chilling injury of different species in South China, elements and methods of risk assessment of chilling injury, specific defensive practices and appropriate management strategies after chilling injury were discussed in this review. There were the needs for future researches focusing on developing comprehensively standardized chilling injury index, transfer and quantitative expression of cold-resistant genes, * ( ) (GYHY ) (2013Z008) ** : jasmine@ibcas.ac.cn, pingxy@bjfu.edu.cn : : * This study was supported by the Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorology in the Public Welfare Profession of China (GYHY ) and Special Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science (2013Z008). ** Corresponding author, jasmine@ibcas.ac.cn Received Aug. 10, 2017; accepted Oct. 28, 2017

2 dynamic and quantitative evaluation of regional chilling injury risk and risk assessment of chilling injury under global climate change. Also in the future researches, the following aspects should be pay more attention, i. e. accurate and quantifiable grading of chilling injury, early warning and risk assessment of chilling injury using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, integration of chilling injury mechanisms and field survey, and consideration of both biological characteristics of plant species and topographic variations. There was the potential for any such future researches to benefit the optimization of plant distribution pattern, accurate early warning for chilling injury and sustainable development of economic forest and fruit trees in South China. Keywords: South China; Economic forest and fruit tree; Chilling injury; Functional mechanism; Chilling injury index; Chilling injury monitoring; Risk assessment,, (Litchi chinensis) (Dimocarpus longan) (Eriobotrya japonica) (Musa paradisiaca) (Ananas comosus) (Mangifera indica) (Syzygium samarangense) (Ziziphus mauritiana) (Anacardium occidentale) (Dalbergia odorifera) (Hevea brasiliensis), [1-4],,, [2,5-11], [12-14] (GIS) (RS) [3,10,15-17], 10 ( ),,, 1 寒害的定义及气象学类型 1.1 1) (chilling injury): 1896, Molisch, ,, [18-20], [2,14,21-22] [19] [20] [23] 1 (freezing injury), 0, ; 2 (frost injury) 0,, (Zea mays) (Triticum aestivum) ; 3 (chilling injury), 0, ; 4 (cold injury), 10, [24] ; 5 (cold wave), 10, 5, 5, [5,25], [25-27] 2) (critical temperature of chilling injury):, [28-29] 3) (the process of chilling injury):

3 4 : 469 ; >,, [22,24,28,30] 1.2,, [25,31],,,,,,,,, [8], [7],,, [28,32] 2 寒害的作用机理及影响因素 2.1,, (Hylocereus polyrhizus) [12-14,33-34],,,, [4,35-36] 2.2 [12,32,37] [35,38-39], [26,38,40] Lukatkin [35] Lyons [37] ( 1),,, ;,, (Capsicum annuum),,,, [3,13-41] NADPH MAP,, [42],,,,, ;,, [35] 2.3 [43] 2.3.1, [24,44-45],,, [23,44-49] [35,50], [34,46-48] 2.3.3,

4 [35] 图 1 寒害对植物生长和发育的影响机理 (Lukatkin 等和 Lyons [37] ) Fig. 1 Functional mechanism of chilling injury on growth and development of plants (cited from Lukatkin et al [35] and Lyons [37] ), [35,48], ( ),, [46] 2.3.4,, [10], 6 d ( 1.5 ) (Psidium guajava), 3 d [51] 2.3.5, [52-53], [46] [52] [54], [30,55]

5 4 : 寒害的辨识与分级 [3,8,50,52],, 10 ( 1) 0~15 [24,28,35,46,56], Table 1 Chilling injury type Radiation chilling injury Advective chilling injury 表 1 华南地区不同经济林果的寒害临界温度 Critical temperatures of chilling injury of different crop species of economic forest and fruit trees in South China Species Critical temperature ( ) References Musa paradisiaca 4, 5 [7,17,22,44,57-60] Tectona grandis 5 [50] Dimocarpus longan 0 [57] Litchi chinensis 0, 5 [21,57] Hevea brasiliensis 5 [8,61] Hylocereus polyrhizus 4 [26] Carica papaya 10 [62] Mangifera indica 3 [10] Syzygium samarangense 5 [3] Manihot esculenta 5 [63] Averrhoa carambola 5 [64] Saccharum officinarum 2 [27,65] Capsicum annuum 10, 12 [30,54,66] Piper nigrum 10 [67] Musa paradisiaca 12 [22] Hevea brasiliensis 15 [57] Dalbergia odorifera 5 [52] Ananas comosus 8 [68] Saccharum officinarum 4 [27,65] 3.2, : 3.2.1,,, [33,59] Hashim [59], 660 nm 785 nm, [10,51] 3.2.3,,, ( )

6 ; ( ), [61],, [17,21],, [69],,, [30] ( ) [31], [5,16,25,67] [44] 5 5 4, (Elaeis guineensis) [8,11,21,28,44,70-72] GIS, [16,31] [57] ; 7~ , 3.0~ ~ ~ [57-58],,, [3,10] 4 寒害的监测预警,, 3S, [73],, 4.1,,, [73-74], [75], GIS, [15-16] 4.2,,, [76], GIS [2,76] [74] DEM 67,

7 4 : 473 [2],, [16], [77] 5 寒害风险评估,, [21,60,66,71],, RS/GIS [78],, [30,60,79] 5.1 4, [23],, [55] 5.2,, [78] [21],,,,, [30,55,80-81] 5.3, 10%~40% [11,22,55,80] GIS,, [55],,, [15-16] 5.4,, [55,72,82], [30,72] [82],,, [30,55,80] 6 防寒减 ( 避 ) 灾技术和对策,

8 [83],,, : 6.1,, [35,45,53] ;,,, [22,30],,, ;, [40], [1,50,54] 6.2, (CORPs),,, [6,32,53], [9,35,58] 6.3, [76] 6.4, [2,70] 7 讨论与展望 7.1, : 1),, [25],,, 2),, [44],, [32] 3),, 7.2 RS GIS,

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