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1 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Oct. 2016, 24(10): DOI: /j.cnki.cjea * 孙小玲 ** 刘长仲 ( ) 为了探明温度对红色型豌豆蚜的世代累积效应, 为利用生态措施防治豌豆蚜提供理论依据, 本研究在人工设置的 5 个温度条件下 ( 和 28 ) 调查了红色型豌豆蚜连续 3 代的生长发育繁殖力及生命表等研究结果表明 : 红色型豌豆蚜在 12 时 F 2 代的若虫期较 F 0 和 F 1 代分别缩短 16.0% 和 6.8%, 而 22 和 25 下若虫期在 3 代间无显著差异 ; 12 时世代历期在 F 2 代较 F 0 和 F 1 代分别缩短 10.5% 和 12.4%, 和 25 条件下世代历期在 3 代间差异不显著在 12 下红色型豌豆蚜 F 2 代平均产蚜量较 F 0 和 F 1 代降低 ; 而在持续高温 25 条件下后代繁殖力下降幅度最大, F 1 和 F 2 代平均产蚜量较 F 0 代分别下降 49.3% 和 50.9%, 22 下 F 1 和 F 2 代产蚜量与 F 0 代无显著差异连续饲养红色型豌豆蚜, 其成蚜体重在 12 和 25 下受影响最小, 体重在 3 代间无显著差异 ; 22 下 F 1 代成蚜体重显著高于 F 0 和 F 2 代, 12 时体质量增长率有随代数增加逐代增长的趋势随世代数增加红色型豌豆蚜在 12 和 25 条件下净增殖力 (R 0 ) 降低平均世代周期 (T) 缩短 ; 25 时 F 1 和 F 2 代的内禀增长率 (r m ) 和周限增长率 (λ) 都较 F 0 代显著增长表明在连续较低温或较高温胁迫下, 红色型豌豆蚜后代繁殖力下降, 体重无明显变化, 但发育历期缩短, 内禀增长率和周限增长率增长, 表现出极强的环境适应能力, 这可能是其种群数量上升的原因之一红色豌豆蚜温度世代繁殖力体重种群累积效应 : S : A : (2016) Cumulative effect of temperature on the growth, development and reproduction of red pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) among different generations * SUN Xiaoling, LIU Changzhong ** (College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou , China) Abstract To determine the cumulative effect of temperatures on the growth, development and reproduction of red pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and further provide scientific theory for using ecological treatment on pea aphid, we studied the life tables of 3 continuous generations of red pea aphid through indoor observation under five temperature regimes (12, 17, 22, 25 and 28 ). Results showed that the nymph stage of F 2 generation shortened by 16.0% and 6.8% compared with F 0 and F 1 generations at 12. There was no significant difference among three generations at 22 and 25. Respectively, F 2 generation time reduced by 10.5% and 12.4% compared with F 0 and F 1 at 12. There was no significant difference among three filial generations at 17, 22 and 25. The average reproduction of F 2 generation was significantly lower than those of F 0 and F 1 at 12. Also, offspring fertility obviously declined in continuous high temperature of 25. The average reproduction of F 1 and F 2 decreased by 49.3% and 50.9% respectively compared with F 0. Also the fecundities of both F 1 and F 2 aphids were not significantly different compared with that F 0 at 22. Continuous feeding of red pea aphid and the related gained weight were affected by the minimum at 12 and 25 among all treatments, and there * ( ) ( ) ** :, liuchzh@gsau.edu.cn, @qq.com : : * The work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China ( ) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China ( ). ** Corresponding author, liuchzh@gsau.edu.cn Received Apr. 16, 2016; accepted May 12, 2016

2 was no significant difference in weight among three generations. The weight of F 1 generation was significantly higher than those of F 0 and F 2 generations at 22, furthermore, the body weight growth rate apparently increased with the number of generations at 12. With increasing generations, under 12 and 25, net reproductive rate (R 0 ) and generation time (T) of red pea aphid respectively declined and shortened. The intrinsic increase rate (r m ) and finite increase rate (λ) of F 1 and F 2 generations increased significantly compared with F 0 under 25. This showed that in continuous low temperature or high temperature stress, offspring fertility of red pea aphid declined. However, developmental duration shortened and with no significant changes in body weight. The intrinsic increase rate (r m ) and finite increase rate (λ) increased, showing a strong adaptive capacity to the environment. This was one of the reasons for the rise of filial population of red pea aphid. Keywords Red Acyrthosiphon pisum; Temperature; Generation; Fertility; Body weight; Population; Accumulative effect,, [1 4],, [5],, (Acyrthosiphon pisum) [6 7], [8 9], [10 11],,,, [12 13],, [14],,, [15 16] [17] (Sitobion avenae), [18] DNA, [19],,,,,,,, Jalali [20] (Diuraphis noxia) ;, (Aphis gossypii) [21 22] ; Randolph [23], ; [24] ; (Aphis citricola) [25] ; [26] 1,,, 2 ; [27] (Aphis craccivora) (Megoura japonica) 3 19~23 ; 24, 16~20, [28], (Vicia faba), 3,, 1 材料与方法 (Medicago sativa), (22±1), L.. D=16 h.. 8 h, (60±10)%, 10 cm 6 h cm, 2, 10, ( ) , (60±10)%, L.. D=16 h.. 8 h, 3 F 0 F 1,, F 0 F 1, F 1 F 2, F 0 F 1 F 2 12 h 1,, F 0 F 1 F 2 1

3 10 : 1403 (W 1 ), (W 2 ), (d W ) (DD) (MRGR): d W =W 2 W 1 (1) MRGR 1.3 lnw lnw 2 1 (2) DD, (R 0 ) (T)(r m ) (λ) [29] 1.4 SPSS 19.0 ( ), Microsoft Excel 结果与分析 2.1 F 0 12~28, F 1 28 ( 1) F 0 F 1 F 2 12~22, F 0 12, d, 4 (P<0.05);, F 1 F 2, F 1 F 2 F 0, 12, F 2 F 0 F % 6.8%, 17 F 2 F 0 F % 8.1%; , 25 F 1 F 2 F 0, 6.8% 6.4% 12 F 2 F 0 F 1 (P<0.05), F 2 F 0 F % 12.4%, F 0 F 1 ; Temperature ( ) Table 1 Generation 表 1 温度对红色型豌豆蚜不同世代发育历期的影响 Effect of temperatures on the development time of red pea aphid different generations 1 1st stage 2 2nd stage 3 3rd stage 4 4th stage Nymph stage Adult stage Generation duration (d) F ±0.05Aa 3.86±0.16Aa 4.38±0.27Aa 5.65±0.34Aa 16.92±0.21Aa 15.25±0.65Aab 32.16±0.54Aa F ±0.08Aa 3.67±0.06Aab 3.69±0.30Aab 4.65±0.17Ab 15.26±0.37Ab 17.61±0.88Aa 32.86±0.83Aa F ±0.24Aa 3.29±0.21Ab 3.41±0.10Ab 4.38±0.17Ab 14.21±0.24Ac 14.58±0.54ABb 28.79±0.41Ab F ±0.15Ba 2.38±0.14Ba 2.51±0.18Ba 2.72±0.10Bb 10.30±0.24Bb 15.88±1.23Aa 26.18±1.47Ba F ±0.11Ba 2.71±0.24Ba 2.97±0.16Ba 2.86±0.13Bb 10.79±0.18Bb 17.06±0.50ABa 27.85±0.64Ba F ±0.19Ba 2.87±0.27Aa 2.95±0.08Ba 3.52±0.04Ba 11.67±0.15Ba 16.06±0.77Aa 27.73±0.62Aa F ±0.10Ca 1.42±0.13CDa 1.30±0.09Cb 1.84±0.03Ca 6.30±0.15Ca 12.87±0.24Ba 19.17±0.20Ca F ±0.02Ca 1.55±0.09Ca 1.61±0.02Ca 1.86±0.09Ca 6.53±0.10Ca 14.85±1.10Ba 21.38±1.09Ca F ±0.04Ca 1.43±0.12Ba 1.44±0.07Cab 1.68±0.08Ca 6.18±0.015Ca 14.13±0.16Ba 20.31±0.09Ba F ±0.11Da 1.69±0.02Ca 1.27±0.01Cb 1.72±0.08Ca 6.08±0.11Ca 12.23±0.24Ba 18.32±0.20Ca F ±0.07Ca 1.47±0.02Cb 1.54±0.02Ca 1.76±0.05Ca 6.21±0.02Ca 11.40±0.13Cb 17.61±0.14Da F ±0.02Ca 1.41±0.05Bb 1.46±0.05Ca 1.84±0.03Ca 6.15±0.10Ca 11.45±0.27Cb 17.60±0.26Ba F ±0.05D 1.23±0.03D 1.33±0.11C 1.39±0.11C 5.26±0.19D 7.08±0.22C 12.34±0.24D F 1 F 2 (P<0.05), (P<0.05) ± Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different temperatures within the same generation (P < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among successive generations at the same temperature (P < 0.05). The data are mean ± S.D. The same below. 2.2 F 0 F 1 F 2, 22 ( 1) F 0, (P<0.05), 28, F , (P<0.05) F ,

1404 2016 24 : 12 17 F 2 F 0 F 1, F 0 F 1, 12 F 2 F 0 F 1 30.6% 27.4%, 17 F 2 F 0 F 1 28.4% 24.9%, 22 F 1 F 2 F 0, 25 F 1 F 2 F 0 49.3% 50.9% 图 1 不同温度对红色型豌豆蚜不同世代间繁殖力的影响 Fig.

4 : F 2 F 0 F 1, F 0 F 1, 12 F 2 F 0 F % 27.4%, 17 F 2 F 0 F % 24.9%, 22 F 1 F 2 F 0, 25 F 1 F 2 F % 50.9% 图 1 不同温度对红色型豌豆蚜不同世代间繁殖力的影响 Fig. 1 Effect of temperatures on the fecundity of red pea aphid different generations (P<0.05), (P<0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different temperatures for the same generation (P < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among successive generations at the same temperature (P < 0.05). 2.3 F 0 F 1 F 2 2 F , (P<0.05), ; F 1 F 2 22 (P<0.05), F (P>0.05), F (P>0.05); F 0 F 1 F 2, F 0 28, 22, (P<0.05),,, F 1 F 2, ,,,, 12 25, 3 22 F 1 F 0 F 2 (P<0.05), F 0 F 2,,, : 12, F 1 F 2 F % 21.5% 22 25, F 0 F 1 F 2 12, Table 2 Temperature ( ) 表 2 温度对红色型豌豆蚜不同世代体重及体质量增长率的影响 Effect of temperatures on the weight and relative growth rate of red pea aphid different generations Generation Average weight (mg) Weight difference (mg) Mean daily relative growth rate (%) F ±0.09Ca 2.71±0.09Ca 0.158±0.003Db F ±0.01Ba 2.90±0.01Ba 0.180±0.005Da F ±0.05Ca 2.85±0.05Ca 0.192±0.004Da F ±0.02Aa 3.75±0.02Ab 0.290±0.006Ca F ±0.04Bb 3.11±0.04Bb 0.260±0.004Cb F ±0.06Bb 3.09±0.06Ba 0.240±0.001Cc F ±0.05Ab 3.93±0.05Ab 0.481±0.013ABa F ±0.10Aa 4.37±0.10Ab 0.480±0.009Aa F ±0.02Ab 4.13±0.02Aa 0.498±0.012Aa F ±0.10Ba 3.24±0.10Ba 0.468±0.008Ba F ±0.18Ba 3.15±0.18Bab 0.453±0.009Ba F ±0.05Ca 2.80±0.05Cb 0.441±0.008Ba F ±0.05C 2.78±0.05C 0.495±0.006A F 1 F 2

5 10 : ( 3) F 0 F 1 F 2 (R 0 ) 12~22, 25, (R 0 ) 22 F 0 28 (R 0 ) 8.92 F 0 (T) 12~28 (25 ), 28, T ; F 1 F 2 T 12~25 F 0 (r m ) 12~28, 22 r m (P<0.05); F 1 22 r m 3 r m, r m ; F 2 r m 12~25, r m 5, F 0 F 1 F 2 (λ) (r m ) (R 0 ) ( 4), 12 R 0 F 2 F 0 F % 50.1%; 25 R 0 F 1 F 2 F % 50.2%, (P<0.05) (T) F 1 F 2 F 0 (P<0.05), T F 1 F 2 ; T F 0 F 2 17 (r m )(λ) F 1 F 2 F 0, (P<0.05), F 1 F 2 22, F 1 F 2 (r m )(λ) F 0 (P> 0.05); 25, F 1 F 2 r m (λ) F 0 (P<0.05), F 1 F 2 Temperature ( ) Table 3 表 3 温度对红色型豌豆蚜不同世代生命表参数的影响 Effect of temperatures on the life table parameters of red pea aphid different generations Generation (R 0 ) Net reproductive rate (T) Generation time (r m ) Intrinsic rate of increase (λ) Finite rate of increase F ±7.24Cab 26.57±0.35Aa 0.130±0.007Cb 1.139±0.008Cb F ±4.05Ba 23.06±1.00Ab 0.161±0.007Ca 1.175±0.008Ca F ±2.12Cb 21.21±0.79Ab 0.142±0.005Cab 1.153±0.006Cab F ±4.67BCa 18.57±0.72Bb 0.211±0.004Ba 1.235±0.005Ba F ±3.68Ba 21.88±0.45Aa 0.173±0.000Cb 1.189±0.001Cb F ±6.42Ba 19.76±0.50Ab 0.180±0.006Bb 1.198±0.007Bb F ±3.75Aa 13.41±0.47Cab 0.323±0.012Aab 1.382±0.017Aab F ±7.91Aa 12.27±0.40Bb 0.352±0.005Aa 1.422±0.007Aa F ±2.96Aa 13.89±0.36Ba 0.308±0.009Ab 1.361±0.012Ab F ±8.34ABa 17.40±0.36Ba 0.234±0.008Bb 1.263±0.010Bb F ±3.78Bb 12.42±0.59Bb 0.272±0.008Ba 1.313±0.011Ba 28 F ±0.29BCb 11.43±0.39Cb 0.297±0.009Aa 1.345±0.012Aa F ±0.14D 10.37±0.37D 0.212±0.009B 1.236±0.11B F 1 F 2 3 讨论和结论,, ,,,, [30],,, [31], 3,,,,

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32期中国农学通报 2014,30(32):38-42 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 中草药饲料添加剂对黄鳝性激素含量的影响 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 赵庆凯, 丁炜东, 邴旭文, 王建新 ( 1 南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 江苏无锡 214081; 2 中国水产