幻灯片 1

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1 Status of MIM in Greater China 大中華區金屬粉末注射成形現況 Y.H., Chiou (Dr. Q) 邱耀弘博士 Director committee of ACMT & Present of PIMA-CN 台灣區電腦輔助成型技術交流協會 : 粉末注射成形與材料科學技術委員會主任委員中國粉末注射成型聯盟 : 輪值主席 V1.4

2 Many a little makes a mickle, and unity is strength. 聚沙成塔眾志成城

3 Topic of today 今日主題 Status of the MIM industry in Greater China 大中華區的 MIM 產業現況 New technologies 新技術 New applications 新應用 Challenge since 2017 今年起的挑戰

4 The rise new power of MIM Asia 崛起的新 MIM 勢力亞洲 Top 10 MIM factories (Sintering Cp.>10,000 Liters) 10 大 MIM 廠有日產升能力 China 中國 Gian (Changzhou/Dungguan) Future (Shanhei/Shenzhen) Amphenol(Hangzhou/Yunnan) CNI (Gaungzhou) Foxcon (Gaungzhou) UNEEC (Dungguan) Singapore 新加玻 DYT (SG/Anhui, China) India 印度 Indo-MIM (Bangalore/Texas, USA) Taiwan 台灣 SZS (New Taipei City) TYP (Tauyuan/Wujiang) Most Asia MIM factories in pool of blue dotted line. 大部分工廠位於藍色虛線中 Necessity of progressive furnace (SZS expect) 連續爐的必要性 All top 10 MIM factories were APPLE AVL (Approval Vendor List). 十大工廠都是蘋果公司的合格供應商

South area 華南地區 >90 (Pearl River Delta, Hunan, and Hong Kong 珠三角與湖南含香港 ) 4.

5 Distribution of MIM factories in Greater China 大中華區 MIM 工廠的分布 Sort according to start year 排序案啟動年份 2 1. Taiwan 台灣地區 >30 2. North area 華北地區 ( 京津冀魯 ) >15 3. South area 華南地區 >90 (Pearl River Delta, Hunan, and Hong Kong 珠三角與湖南含香港 ) 4. East area 華東地區 >40 (Yangtze River Delta 大長三角含浙江福建 ) 5. West area 西北地區 > MIM factories running until 2016 統計到 2016 大中華區超過 200 家 MIM 工廠 The highest density out of the world of MIM factory in zone 3. 第 3 區 MIM 工廠密度是世界最高

6 One stop shop street of MIM on Pearl river area 珠三角的 MIM 一條街 ( 縱貫線 ) Guangzhou Dongguan Shenzhen Pearl River Delta (blue dotted line) 1. Connection MIM three cities subway will done on 2018 將完成聯通三個城市的軌道交通 2. 50% mobile phones assembly from this area. 世界 50% 手機組裝在此 3. The highest density of CMF (Color, Material, and Finishing) factories, metal precision CNC machine sets, mold and tooling of duplication. 有著世界最密集的表面處理數控加工設備以及模具製造工廠 4. Most young people here to achieve entrepreneurial success 最多年輕人在此創業成功 The MIM school will setup in Changan town of Dongguan city. It is on the center of one stop shop street. MIM 教室將設立在東莞市長安鎮, 位於 MIM 一條街的中點

7 Total amount of 3C devices possible use MIM part in G.C. 大中華區 3C 產品可能使用 MIM 零件的總值預估 Brand 品牌 MIM Parts 產品 Amount (M pcs) 百萬件 Assembly price 總價 (RMB) Total output (M RMB) APPLE i-phone 200 Structural APPLE i-pad + mini Pad 100 Structural APPLE Air-book 30 Hinge assembly APPLE I/O plug 600 Lightning +TYPE C Microsoft Surface/Pad PC 30 Hinge assembly Huwei Smart phone 120 SIM tray/ring/button OPPO Smart phone 70 SIM tray/ring/button VIVIO Smart phone 70 SIM tray/ring/button MI Smart phone 60 SIM tray/ring/button Other brands 3C device 200 Structural MIM assembly total amount 4,370 Pure MIM parts output without C/F treatment (60%) 2,620 CMF = Color 顏色 / Material 材質 / Finishing 表面處理

8 Total amount of MIM market on G.C., 2017 大中華區 MIM 市場估計總值 MIM Products Product application M RMB Possible area 3C device 消費性電子商品 Metal hardware 五金產品 Cosmetic hardware 裝飾五金 Military 軍工 SIM tray/structural 智能手機 Wearable/ watch 穿戴裝置 Laptop/Smart phone 筆電本 Power tools and lock industry 工具 Kitchenware 廚具 Zipper 拉鍊 Bag hardware 包包五金 Weapons 武器 Defense tools 防禦工具 4,370 1, 3, & , 3, & & & 5 Total amount 5,920 25% of the world 5,920 M RMB ~ 910 M USD MIM process with low carbon emission and less pollution to avoid Haze on China. It is a new opportunity of MIM. MIM 製程的低碳排放與低汙染, 可以避免霾害對於 MIM 來說這是一個好機會 I phone 8 of APPLE maybe back to use stainless middle frame. It is a good opportunity of MIM parts also. 傳言蘋果第八代手機又回到不鏽鋼中框, 這又是一個 MIM 零件的好機會

9 Milestone of MIM market and technology development MIM 市场与技术的发展軌跡 Market 市场 Incubation phase until mainstream production technology / 由孵化阶段直到成为主流生产技术 Growing number of companyfoundation / 基础公司转型加入越来越多 MIM into NB hinge application / MIM 进入笔记本计算机转轴 APPLE began touse MIMparts / 苹果公司开始采用 MIM 零件 Strong growthon MIM industry inasia / 亚洲区 MIM 产业成长強劲 Local smart phone began touse MIMparts/ 中国产手机开始使用 MIM 零件 Production equipmentsstarted localization in China / 生产设备中国本地化 Age of Integration process with MIM is coming / 整合 MIM 制程的时代来临 1972~ Sinking number of bindervariations / 黏结剂的成分缩减 Wax base become major binder system / 蜡基成为主流粘结剂 Increasing material diversity / 材料的多样性逐渐增加 3C products used MIM parts /MIM 零件开始进入 3C 产品 Better tolerance / 更好的公差 Catalytic de-binding system and POM base binder present / 催化脱脂和聚甲醛基粘结剂出现 Processsimulation(Mold flow)/ 制程模拟技术 (Moldex 3D 模流 ) Micro MIM parts <0.1g / 微小 MIM 零件 Huge MIM parts>200g / 大型 MIM 零件 More special material appliesmim process / 更多特别的材料应用 MIM 制程 Zero defect on MIM part / 零缺陷产品 Technology 技術修改自資料 : EPMA 2013 MIM in Europe

transmission ( Ceramic is Zr2O tube with stainless tube, CIM picture from CCTC 潮州三環提供 ) 高速信號傳輸用的光纖基座 MIM 304L or 316L 不鏽鋼 304L 或 316L MIM + LASER welding with SUS and ceramic tube in

10 Key parts of the rise of G.C. MIM industry (I) 大中華地區 MIM 產業興起的關鍵 MIM 零件之一 Base of optical fiber connector since 2010 光纖連接器基座 CCTC China MIM part CIM part Base of optical fiber connector for high speed signal transmission ( Ceramic is Zr2O tube with stainless tube, CIM picture from CCTC 潮州三環提供 ) 高速信號傳輸用的光纖基座 MIM 304L or 316L 不鏽鋼 304L 或 316L MIM + LASER welding with SUS and ceramic tube in assembly as above picture. Accessory of serve PCBA devices. 6~10 sets in one PCBA for light firer connection. 總成必須焊接不鏽鋼管和陶瓷如照片在電路板上需要配置 6~10 組作為光纖連接使用 Over 2 billion pieces. (Sustained increase ), cumulative output value greater than 2 billion RMB. 至少有兩億個交貨紀錄 ( 持續增加 ), 估計有兩億人民幣的產值以上 Maximum record :50 million pieces pre years. 最高出貨紀錄每年五千萬個

11 Key parts of the rise of G.C. MIM industry (II) 大中華地區 MIM 產業興起的關鍵 MIM 零件之二 Lightning connector male side since 2012 雷霆接頭公端 Male side of the APPLE Lightning connector 蘋果的雷霆連接器公端 MIM 17-4PH 沉澱硬化不鏽鋼 17-4PH MIM + CNC + Nickel plated 金屬注射成形 + 數控加工 + 鍍鎳 Lightning connector is an shared accessory of most APPLE devices. 雷霆接頭作為大部分蘋果裝置的連接器 Over 10 billion pieces. (Sustained increase ) Cumulative output value greater than 10 billion RMB. 超過 10 億個出貨量 ( 持續出貨中 ) 估計超過 10 億元人民幣產值 Maximum record : 6 million pieces pre day and keeping six weeks. This was a very special record in MIM 3C product. 最大出貨紀錄 : 連續六週至少每日 6 百萬顆的的巨量紀錄, 在 3C 產品使用 MIM 零件是前所未有的

12 Key parts of the rise of G.C. MIM industry (III) 大中華地區 MIM 產業興起的關鍵 MIM 零件之三 SIM tray of smart phone since 2012 智能手機的卡托 SIM tray of Smart phone 智能手機的卡托 MIM 17-4PH (major) or 316L 沉澱硬化不鏽鋼 17-4PH( 大部分 ) 或 316L MIM + Re-strike +PVD + Laser curving. And, some special materials assemble with MIM (include: plastic insert molding, plastic assembly, and Al CNC parts) 金屬注射成形 + 整形 + 真空鍍膜 + 雷射雕刻, 許多特別的 CMF 處理都被用上甚至組合其他製程 ( 如塑膠包射與塑膠件鋁陽極後件的組裝 ) Applying in smart phone of China brand. 中國品牌的智能手機主要應用 Over 10 billion pieces. (Sustained increase ) Cumulative output value greater than 50 billion RMB. 超過 10 億個出貨量 ( 持續出貨中 ) 估計超過 50 億元人民幣產值 Over 50% MIM factories made this product. (2015 and 2016) 在過去兩年至少一半中國 MIM 工廠賴以維生的產品

13 New MIM orders, where they are? 說好的, 我们的新訂單呢? MIM Orders are never reduced, but the quality is not good still. This is a common problem on the MIM industry in Greater China. 大中華區的 MIM 的訂單從沒有減少, 但是品質卻一直沒有做好這是一個普遍的問題

14 We knew already 現在我們知道 Major deformation points of MIM parts MIM 產品變形主要的因素 Feedstock with high friction force during process 喂料本身的高摩擦力 Gravity influence drooping of MIM green part 重力變形影響 Phase change during heating process 熱製程過程的相變化

New technology 新技術 Go to the future, let s starting from powder 進入未來, 從粉末開始 New technology : Cooperation and concentration study 新技術 : 合作並專心研究 Return to classroom and pick up MIM textbooks again.

15 New technology 新技術 Go to the future, let s starting from powder 進入未來, 從粉末開始 New technology : Cooperation and concentration study 新技術 : 合作並專心研究 Return to classroom and pick up MIM textbooks again. 重新回到教室拿起 MIM 課本 Don't just rely on 3C products 不能只依靠 3C 產品 Do not make appearance MIM parts only. The mechanical properties have to care also. 不能只會製作外觀件, 卻將機械性質棄而不顧 Upgrade ours knowledge and improve qualities for MIM parts. 提升我們的知識與改善 MIM 產品品質

Powder grade from a powder vendor 粉末廠出產粉末等級 Mesh # 篩網數 µm Output rate 產出率 (%) Suitable product 合適的產品 +300 >50 100% Thermal coating, PM, and 3D printing -300 ~ +500 30 ~ 50 75% 3D printing and MIM

16 Powder grade from a powder vendor 粉末廠出產粉末等級 Mesh # 篩網數 µm Output rate 產出率 (%) Suitable product 合適的產品 +300 >50 100% Thermal coating, PM, and 3D printing -300 ~ ~ 50 75% 3D printing and MIM adjusting -500 ~ ~ 30 50% MIM(structural/exterior decoration) -800 ~ ~ 20 5% MIM(High polishing surface) -2000~ ~ 7.5 2~3% µmim, Hard metal forming, and cer-met <1.5 1% compound for MIM process. Powder vendor supply powder specification: -500#. There are too much fine particles (-2000#) will interfere MIM feedstock during molding process. MIM 粉末供應商依規格是將 -500# 的粉末出貨, 實際上有太多過細的粉末

17 Product grade depend on powder grade 根據產品匹配粉末等級 Product Grade 產品等級 A B A (Exterior decoration) 外觀 AA Powder: 95~100% G + U/W Product : Watch, necklace, and high polishing wearable parts. All surface mirror like requirement BA Powder: 80% G + U/W// 100%U Product : Camera ring, metal key, and button with a diamond cut edge. B (Structural) 結構 AB Powder: 90~95% G + U/W Product : MIM with a high polishing surface (Most APPLE MIM parts like this.) BB Powder: 100%W Product: Dimension requirement first. Surface allows hair-lining and sandblasting. G U W Gas spraying 氣霧化 Relative Roundness= 1 Water and gas spraying 水氣聯合 R.R= 0.75~0.85 Water spraying 水霧化 R.R. < 0.65 Data from V-Tech Mr. James Cho ( 蘇州 / 台灣宏倫趙育德總監 ) and Dr. Q

MIMs Feedstock 金屬注射成形的喂料 Parallel use of specifications and homemade feedstock 必須能並行使用市售規格品和自家配方 Wax base change to POM base 以塑基取代蠟基 Solvent

18 MIMs Feedstock 金屬注射成形的喂料 Parallel use of specifications and homemade feedstock 必須能並行使用市售規格品和自家配方 Wax base change to POM base 以塑基取代蠟基 Solvent de-binding change to Catalyst de-binding 催化脫脂取代溶劑脫脂 Feedstock adjustment in house 自己會調製喂料 100% specification feedstock used change to 50%. 標準規格喂料改變至少一半為自家配方

19 Feedstock OSF depend on powder grade 根据粉末匹配喂料收缩比 OSF(Oversize Shrinkage Factor) should be change when you design a new part. 整體收縮因子必須依據產品來進行修正 Product Grade 產品等級 A B A (Exterior decoration) 外觀 AA Powder d50: 7~8um OSF : 1.19~1.30 Due to powders are very fine with high friction force. BA Powder d50: 10~12um OSF : 1.168~1.21 Fine powders will interfere MIM feedstock during molding process. B (Structural) 結構 AB Powder d50: 10~12um OSF : 1.19 ~1.21 Fine powders will interfere MIM feedstock during molding process. BB Powder d50: 12~15um OSF : 1.128~1.19 Add some rough powder to enhance fluidity of feedstock. Data from Feedtech Mr. Chen ( 湖南菲德克陳明進總經理 ) ZT Polymold Mr. Chan ( 濰坊中泰蔣振華總經理 ), and Dr. Q

An upgrade of catalytic de-binding 升級的催化脫脂 Movable brown parts with high strength 能夠移動的高強度棕坯 ( 脫脂坯 ) Green part 生坯 After de-bind 脫脂後 10µm 10µm Brown part 棕坯 Increasing N

殘留低分子量塑膠的燒結 Brown part with high strength could moved. 棕坯成為具有強度可以移動 Cotton wool material are low molecular weight polymers residue in brown part after catalytic debinding.

20 An upgrade of catalytic de-binding 升級的催化脫脂 Movable brown parts with high strength 能夠移動的高強度棕坯 ( 脫脂坯 ) Green part 生坯 After de-bind 脫脂後 10µm 10µm Brown part 棕坯 Increasing N 2 gas flow and temperature during last stage of de-binding process. 在脫脂最後階段提高氮氣流量與溫度 Residue low molecular weight polymer sintered. 殘留低分子量塑膠的燒結 Brown part with high strength could moved. 棕坯成為具有強度可以移動 Cotton wool material are low molecular weight polymers residue in brown part after catalytic debinding. They were skeleton support agent in residue binder. (like PP/PE) 催化脫脂後可以見到毛絮狀的低分子塑膠它們是殘留粘結劑中的骨架支撐劑 ( 如聚丙烯 / 聚乙烯 ) Picture from CS university ( 中南大學 ) De-binding sintered technology from HIPER & SIBERA 寧波恆普與斯百睿

Carbon control 碳控制 Applying thermal process to drive carbon content to enhance MIM part quality 用熱製程來控制碳含量使 MIM 產品品質提升 Carbon, a double face role during sintering process 碳在燒結過程是雙面角色 Change

21 Carbon control 碳控制 Applying thermal process to drive carbon content to enhance MIM part quality 用熱製程來控制碳含量使 MIM 產品品質提升 Carbon, a double face role during sintering process 碳在燒結過程是雙面角色 Change atmosphere for carbon control 改變氣氛獲得碳控制 Binder is a carbon source still 粘結劑一直是碳的來源 Return to correct detecting way for carbon residue 碳控制回到正確的碳分析工具 Sintering challenge of +/-1 C temperature control 燒結精密控制爐溫的挑戰 10µm Pictures from Materials 2013, 6(12),

22 New application 新應用 Strong by 3C and return metal hardware 藉 3C 產品壯大, 回歸到五金零件 Long wave order is better than fusion order 長單比潮單 ( 短且急 ) 好 Cost down, cost down, and cost down. Is it a 3C order in the future? 只能降價會是 3C 產品的未來? High precision and quality is the best warranty 高精度和高性能才是生存保障

23 MIM process go back for SIM tray 記憶卡托又回頭採用 MIM 製程 Non MIM process brings unexpected trouble 非 MIM 製程帶來的困擾 Plastic SIM tray deformation causes abnormal signal reception 塑膠熱變形導致異常 Aluminum Alloy SIM tray due to overall color consistency requirements, so we must use one piece of material for machining. This way can avoids cosmetic difference of the finished product after anode treatment. This results in a waste of materials, low processing efficiency, and can not produce a large amount on short time. 鋁合金材質要求顏色均一, 並須採用塊材雕刻加工, 以避免陽極發色異常, 造成材料的浪費加工繁複以及短期量產困難 Advantages of MIM process are confirmed in SIM tray 卡托採用 MIM 製程的優勢被確認 Many vendors can support this parts. 有眾多供應商可支持 High efficiency and economy. 高效率且經濟 Mass production volume on short time is possible. 短期產量爬升可能 High structural strength. 產品有高強度 Non magnetic stainless material can apply in the future. 無磁性鐵基材料問世 Plastic and aluminum alloy parts can assemble with MIM part 塑膠和鋁合金零件可與 MIM 件組合 MIM SIM tray experience reduction in This year, it return to the smart phone again. 經歷 2016 年的減量採用,MIM 卡托又再回到智能手機身上!!

24 We subdivide segment the MIM process 我們細分 MIM 制造程序 PD TS QD PS FM IM DA DB PA SC SP AC 產品設計模具模擬品質設計粉末選型餵料混造生坯注射修坯擺排酸脫熱脫預燒修整氣氛燒結二次處理自動控制 1. PD (Product Design): 產品先期的設計 2. TS (Tooling Simulation): 模具的模擬 3. QD (Quality Design): 品質設計 4. PS (Powder Selection): 粉末選型 5. FM (Feedstock made): 喂料製造 6. IM (Injection Molding, IM): 注射成形 7. DA (De-burr and Arrange): 修坯與擺盤 8. DB (De-Binding): 脫脂 9. PA (Pre-sintering and Adjustment): 預燒結與調整 10. SC (Sintering Control): 燒結控制 11. SP (Secondary Process): 二次處理與加工 12. AC (Automatic Control): 自動控制 ACMT Tech. Class: MIM detail 12 process, we start in Dongguan ACMT 的技術課程 : 粉末注射成形的 12 製程, 今年我們在東莞開課

25 Conclusion of today 今天的結論 Focus on MIM products quality and MIM education 重視 MIM 產品品質與 MIM 的教育 Challenging new market applications not 3C devices only 挑戰不僅是 3C 裝置的新市場應用 Willing to invest in innovation and research of new materials 願意投入創新並積極研究新材料 Commitment to delivery always we are Asia team! 維持交貨的承諾我們是亞洲團隊

26 Acknowledgements (I) 謝誌 Thanks for Pro. German. He is the best teacher and partners of us. (April 2016 MIM class in Shanghai, China) 感謝 German 教授, 我們最好的老師和夥伴 ( 上海 MIM 課程 )

Acknowledgements (II) 謝誌 Thanks for ABC from Germany 感謝德國 Arburg, BASF, 與 Cremer They bring the most advanced equipment and share the latest PIM technology.

27 Acknowledgements (II) 謝誌 Thanks for ABC from Germany 感謝德國 Arburg, BASF, 與 Cremer They bring the most advanced equipment and share the latest PIM technology. ABC are our mentors and partners of us, not compete with us. Friction and gravity are MIM enemies. 他們帶來先進的設備並且分享先進的技術,ABC 是我們的導師和朋友, 不是在 MIM 的競爭對手摩擦力和重力才是 MIM 的敵人 Dr. Q, PIMA-CN A: Arburg Molding technology 阿博格的注射成形技術 B: BASF - Material and feedstock of PIM 巴斯夫的 PIM 材料與喂料 C: Cremer - Heat treatment and progressive furnace 克萊默的熱處理和連續爐

Acknowledgements (III) 謝誌 The APPLE style 蘋果的風格 APPLE devices used a lot of MIM parts since 2010 and still running. APPLE is the best company to adopt new technologies of the world.

28 Acknowledgements (III) 謝誌 The APPLE style 蘋果的風格 APPLE devices used a lot of MIM parts since 2010 and still running. APPLE is the best company to adopt new technologies of the world. It is a big influence for contemporary. 蘋果裝置從 2010 年以來一直持續使用 MIM 零件, 它是地表上最勇於採用新技術的公司, 蘋果的風格是當代最具影響力 We sincerely thank the MIM business opportunities from the APPLE. 我們真誠感謝蘋果公司所帶來的 MIM 商機

29 Future exist always. But, are we ready yet? 未來已經存在, 但我們準備好了嗎? Science never change and exist still. 科學一直存在那裡並未改變 When we understand science more, it close future more. 當我們越來越瞭解科學, 未來就越接近我們 In face, ourselves are the future. 其實, 我們自己就是未來

30 微 - 微聚正面力量積 - 積累人類智慧分 - 分享知識快樂 Thank you! 謝謝您! Go ahead, we are ASIA MIM team! Let s break through together!! 亞洲團隊, 我們一起加足馬力, 困境突圍!! Dr. Q 邱耀弘博士 (CN and Wechat ID) (TWN) chiou_yh@yahoo.com.tw

Chinese oil import policies and reforms 随着经济的发展, 目前中国石油消费总量已经跃居世界第二作为一个负责任的大国, 中国正在积极推进能源进口多元化, 鼓励替代

Chinese oil import policies and reforms SINOPEC EDRI 2014.8 Chinese oil import policies and reforms 随着经济的发展, 目前中国石油消费总量已经跃居世界第二作为一个负责任的大国, 中国正在积极推进能源进口多元化,