2008 TIME USE SURVEY IN CHINA NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS, CHINA Gender Statistics in China China's gender statistics was founded in 1995, after the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing. Since then, the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) strengthens bysex data collections, publications of gender statistics, and training statisticians on gender-sensitive statistics. NBS is in charge of statistical monitor on the implementation of the National Program of Action for Development of Women. Time use data are important underpinning for gender statistics and the monitor of the National Program. 1
2008 Time Use Survey in China Time Use Survey carried out by NBS in May 2008, after a pilot survey in 2005, was the first official TUS in China Purposes of Time Use Survey To reflect the life style in terms of time-use To improve measurement of paid and unpaid work shared in national economy as a reference of SNA To raise awareness on importance of women s contribution To provide TUS data used in relevant policy-making and study The Design and Implementation Time of the field interview: May 2008 Coverage: 10 Provinces Sample: Samples of household survey in rural and urban area respectively Residents Aged 15-74 in household Size: 37142 interviewees Among which: Urban / rural 19621 / 17521 Male / female 18215 / 18927 Two diaries for each respondent: one for weekday, and one for weekend day. 2
The Diary Open diary with intervals of 10 minutes Items in the Diary Main activity Secondary activity Location or way of transportation With whom when the activity starts (alone or with strangers, family members, acquaintances) Two additional questions Who filled in the diary ( interviewee, other family member, interviewer) How the diary was filled in. (just after or during the activities, the evening of the diary day, the next day) Individual Characteristics Gender Age Marriage Occupation Education Income The distance between home and work place 3
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The Classification of Activities For reflecting China's situation as well as for international comparison, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) established a classification of time-use activities for 2008 survey based on the classification compiled by United Nations and the European Union Statistics Bureau The Classification of Activities 9 categories 0- Personal activity 1- Formal employment 2- Household primary work 3- Household manufacture and construction work 4- Household services 5- Household domestic work 6- Caring for families and volunteer activities 7- Study 8- Social life and leisure time 61 groups 113 classes 5
Output Three indicators are used for measuring main activities: Average time Participation rate Average time of participants All data are calculated by gender and are tabulated by individual characteristics (age, marriage, occupation, education, income and urban/rural) 6
Output Main activity: the records of main activities are complete. The result shows that the average time of no activity are less than 1 minute per diary. Secondary activity: the records of secondary activity are incomplete, many with only beginning time, but no ending time. The number of record of secondary activity are counted by activity code separately. Location of activities Ways of transportation General Result Total Male Female Total (minutes) 1440 1440 1440 SNA activities 311 360 263 Non-SNA activities 164 91 234 Study and training 33 34 31 Meal 100 104 96 Watching TV 126 131 121 Other leisure activities 107 120 94 Sleeping and other personal activities 600 600 600 Sources: 2008 time use survey in China 7
Responsibility by Gender Average Time of Housework ( minute ) Main Activity Total Male Female Total 164 91 234 of which: Cooking 66 30 101 Child-care 21 11 31 male = 1 Total 2.6 Cooking 3.4 Child-care 2.8 Sources: 2008 time use survey in China Responsibility by Gender (Secondary Activities) Child-care as Secondary Activity (Record) Total Male Female Total Records 8114 2088 6026 Records /per 100 Diary by Age Group 25-34 22 74 35-44 14 29 55-64 14 27 Sources: 2008 time use survey in China 8
Introduction of the TUS in China 2008 An Xinli and Yin Guojun, An Introduction on Time Use Survey in China, Paper for IATUR in Sydney, December 2008. Articles on the Result of the TUS 2008 (Published by China Information News) An Xinli and Yin Guojun, The Time-Use Data Analysis in China, 2008, China Information News, November 17, 2008. 9
Liu, Wei, Chinese Residents Employment Status: A Review from the Perspective of Time-Use Data, China Information News, June 22, 2009. Publication National Bureau of Statistics, Time Use Patterns in China: Abstract of the 2008 Time Use Survey, China Statistics Press, 2009. 10
Charts in this Publication (partly) Percent Percent Distribution over 7 activities at different hours of the day. Men, Urban, Weekdays 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 6 7 8 9101112131415161718192021222324 1 2 3 24 hour a day Distribution over 7 activities at different hours of the day. Men, Urban, Weekend days 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 1 2 3 24 hour a day Percent Percent Distribution over 7 activities at different hours of the day. Women, Urban, Weekdays 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 1 2 3 24 hour a day Distribution over 7 activities at different hours of the day. Women, Urban, Weekend days 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324 1 2 3 24 hour a day NBS, Time-Use Patterns in China, P7-8. Average time use and participation rates on non-sna productive activity by sex and age group NBS Time-Use Patterns in China, 7-8. 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 Men's Average Time Use Men's Participation Rate NBS, Time-Use Patterns in China, P22. Women's Average Time Use Women's Participation Rate 100 80 60 40 20 0 11
Data Used for Study and Analysis by Researchers (part articles from China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database) Qi Liangshu, An Xinli, and Dong Xiaoyuan, A Study on Paid Work Based on Time-Use Statistics in China, Statistical Research 29, April 2012. Yang Hui, Gender Differences in Self-disposal Time in China s Urban and Rural Area, Collection of Women s Studies, July 4, 2011 12
Xue, Dongqian, Liu Xi, and Zhou Huifen, Time characterstic of Chinese residents and its influencing factors, Geographical Research (September 2013) Jiang, Ping and Ma Xuejiao, Suggestions for Improvement of the Plan of Chinese Time-Use Survey in the Big Data Era Based on the Comparison of China, Japan, and America Statistics Research 31 (August 2014) 13
Study in Classification of Time-use Activities The purpose of the study is to find out regularity of time-use activities of Chinese residents by analyzing the total records of activities in this survey according to activity content, frequency and description. In total records of activities: Personal care 39% Unpaid housework and help others 19% THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION 14