100007 Turkish Model 2010 82

20 50 1960 1971 1980 1997 83

2012 2 1 Hybrid Regimes 20 90 1992 6 2 3 21 Justice and Development Party AKP 2001 8 2002 4 1 C. H. The Crisis of Turkish Democracy The Eothen Press 1963. 2 Andrew Mango The Turkish model Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 29 No. 4 October 1993 pp. 726-757. 3 Aydin Yalcin The Concept of the Turkish Model and the Characteristics of Turkey s Economic Development Forum Ankara 1993 p. 22. 4 Meliha Benli Altunisik The Turkish Model and Democratization in the Middle East Arab Studies Quarterly January 1 2005 pp. 57-58. 84

2004 6 1 2 2012 1 The Doha Debates 3 2011 2 4 2011 10 7 5 1 2 2010. 3 4 Meliha Benli Altunisik op. cit. p. 45. Bar in Yinan Turkish Model for Arab Societies Triggers Debate Hürriyet Daily News May 23 Francis Ghilès A New Deal for Arab People Insight Turkey Vol. 14 No. 1 2012 p. 21. Al - Ghannushi says Turkey s Democracy a Model for Tunisia http / /www. todayszaman. com 2011-02 - 23. 5 Ghannushi Turkey is a Model that Merges Islam and Democracy http / /www. todayszaman. com 2011-10 - 07. 85

2012 2 1 2 3 4 2002 ~ 2011 5 1 2011 11 25 395 107 See Morocco s New PM Looks to Turkish Model for New Government http / /www. todayszaman. com 2011-12 - 01. 2 Karabekir Akkoyunlu The Turkish Model isn t Good for Turkey http / /www. hurriyetdailynews. com 2012-02 -08. 3 Sinan Ciddi Dispensing with the Turkish Model http / /www. hurriyetdailynews. com 2012-02 - 08. 4 Michel Sailhan Moderate Islam Modern State Is Turkey a Rule or an Exception http / / www. middle - east - online. com 2012-02 - 05. 5 Yemen s Alsaidi We Cannot Follow Atatürk s Secular Model http / /www. todayszaman. com 2011-12 - 11. 86

20 1. Assertive Secularism or Laicism 1 Diyanet 1 Passive Secularism Assertive Secularism See Ahmet T. Kuru Secularism and State Policies toward Religion The United States France and Turkey Cambridge University Press 2009 p. 204. 87

2012 2 1 Militant Secular Fundamentalism 2-3 1 2009 2 38 ~ 44 20 2011 347 ~ 350 2 John L. Esposito Introduction Islam and Secularism in the Twenty - First Century in Azzam Tamimi and John L. Esposito eds. Islam and Secularism in the Middle East New York University Press 2000 p. 9. 3 88 334 ~ 335 351 ~ 353

1934 20 40 40 1 80 3 1997 1 See Feroz Ahmad The Making of Modern Turkey Routledge 1993. 89

2012 2 20 2. 21 1 2 Passive Secularism 3 4 2011 9 1 2 See Sinan lgen From Inspiration to Aspiration Turkey in the New Middle East The Carnegie Papers December 2011 p. 5. 3 90 2009 8 20 ~ 25 See M. Hakan Yavuz Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey Cambridge University Press 2009 pp. 153-158. 4 Ibid. p. 159.

1 Secularism Irreligiousness - 2 2002 2002 3 20 80 20 1 Erdogan Tell Arabs his Secularism Remarks Mistranslated http / /www. todayszaman. com 2011-09 - 16. 2 Ibid. 3 Seymen Atasoy The Turkish Example A Model for Change In the Middle East Middle East Policy Fall 2011 Vol. XVIII No. 3 p. 86. 91

2012 2 20 90 1 Looking East Neo - Ottomanism 2 1 Angel Rabasa F. Stephen Larrabee The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey The Rand Corporation 2008 pp. 38-39. 2 Nora Fisher Onar Neo - Ottomanism Historical Legacies and Turkish Foreign Policy Bah esehir University 2009. 92

1 1 Seymen Atasoy op. cit. p. 91. 93

2012 2 90 2002 11 34. 2% 66. 4% 1 2007 46. 5% 61. 5% 2 2011 6 49. 8% 2002 2007 10 2001 1 455. 73 2010 7 224 2001 2 100 2008 10 160 2011 8% 26 16 G20 1 2 M. Hakan Yavuz op. cit. p. 254. Ibid. 94

2008 1 1 2011 16 2011 7 95

2012 2 1 1 pek Yezdani No Need for Secularism in Tunisia Ghannouchi http / /www. hurriyetdailynews. com 2011-12 - 24. 96

21 New Changes and Influences of the Turkish Model Wang Lincong Abstract Turkish model was the product of secular authoritarianism during the Kemal era whose basic contents were modernization - oriented radical secularism nationalism and Westernization. With the evolution of Turkish history these contents were reshaped and modified into new Turkish model during Erdogan era. The new model adopts passive secularism democratization market economy and foreign independence highlights respect for religious and traditional values. Being product of the struggles between religious forces and secular forces New Turkish model shows some characters of the democratic politics reflecting the moderate nature of Turkish Islamism and the coexistence of Islam and democracy. The new model may serve as references to the Arabic states in political transition and exerts demonstration effect. However Turkish model was the special product of history it cannot be replicated. What s more it doesn t take shape yet and has its limitations. Key Words Turkish Model Kemalism Justice and Development Party 97