1939 1954 1959 John D. Bernal 1901-1971 X 1934 X 1937 Birkbeck College 1945 1949 - Frédéric Joliot-Curie Sage of Science 1920 Ogden's Bookshop [Goldsmith 1980, p. 27]
1900-1958 World Congress of Partisans of Peace World Peace Council 1959-1965 1939 The Social Function of Science 1949 The Freedom of Necessity 19 Science and Industry in the Nineteenth Century Science in History 1890-1974 1938 3 22 [ 2005 492] 1939 [Bernal 1939, pp. 209-210] Science and Civilisation in China [ 1996] 1982
1902-1983 1941 4 4 14 [ 2006a 228-229] 5 9 [ 2004a 539] 1945 7 1 [ 2006b 443] 1946 12 1947 1 15 Charing Cross, Denmark St. Universal Restaurant Prof. J. D. Bernal Birkbeck Colledge Bernal Ministry of Work 20 30 visible school 18 J. B. S. Haldane L. Hogben H. Levy J. Needham 2010 Science 1941 8 1 8 4 1948 1948
Froth Concrete Physical Science Social Function of Science [ 2006c 348-349] 20 Garston 1949 4 1 6 1942 [ 2008] 1886-1961 1948 [ 2002] 1949 9 - Bernal [ 2004a 693] 6 24 28 30 [ 2006d 466 469 470] 1949 9 11 Bernal, British Association [ 2006d 522]
The Freedom of Necessity 1949 1949 11 50 1950 4 [ 2004b 23-25] 1954 1951 1949 9 17 Joliot-Curie Bernal Crowther [ 2006d 527] 1949 11 20 J.D.Bernal The Freedom of Necessity [ 2006d 572] 1950 41 [ 2007a 3] 1949 11 21 26 27 The Freedom of Necessity [ 2006d 573 576 577] 32 4 97-99 Central Theme( ) [ 2007a 51]
1903-1990 1953 1953 12 30 1892-1972 Birkbeck College B. C. Anita Rimel 1954 2 15 1903-1991 1962 65-6-1954-Y-11 1952 12 1953 1 14 65-6-1954-Y-11
1954 3 1908-1983 1954 9 12 9 27 9 29 10 1 5 65-6-1954-Y-11 65-6-1954-Y-11 Andrew Brown J. D. Bernal: The Sage of Science
10 2 X 10 16 5 10 24 11 3 11 11 12 22 11 23 30 12 1 5 12 6 1955 1 1 [Brown 2005, pp. 392-399] :
1949 [Brown 2005, pp. 392-399] [Brown 2005, pp. 392-399] [Brown 2005, pp. 392-399] [Wright 2010, pp. 412] 1954 10 7
1954 10 24 2 20 X X 1954 10 29 X 65-6-1954-Y-11-05 1889-1971 1906-1999 X Nature 65-6-1954- Y-11-05
1954 11 2 1902-1971 1945 1945 1948 1950 1953 1956 Higher Education Quarterly [Bernal 1956] 65-6-1954-Y-11-05
1913-1992 - 1953
1956 1959 1959 10 1 Martin G. Bernal 1937-20 10 2 6 20 50 Black Athena
10 [Brown 2005, pp. 403-404] 10 13 15 1958 26000 26 1954 120 Margaret Gardiner, 1904-2005 [Brown 2005, pp. 403-404]
1960 1961 4 1961 [ ] 989 X 65-6-1961-Y-11 65-6-1961-Y-11
1961.11.13 1961.11.14 1961.12.8 1962 1963 5 1963 7 25 65-6-1961-Y-11 Brown 20 [Brown 2005, pp. 428-430]
9 1/4 11
1964 1964 10 [Brown 2005, pp. 428-430] 1967 12 [Brown 2005, p. 469] 1971 9 15 1971 1939 G65-1971-023-0020-0024 G65-1971-023-0020-0023
1954 1959 1954 1959 1959 1971 1953 1954 1965 8 1950 1964 1958 1964 1972 1983 1994
1956 Bernal, J. 1939. The Social Function of Science. London: George Routledge & Sons Ltd. Bernal, J. 1949. The Freedom of Necessity. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Bernal, J. 1953. Science and Industry in the Nineteenth Century. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Bernal, J. 1954. Science in History. London: Watts, Cameron Association. Bernal, J. 1956. Science and Technology in China. Higher Education Quarterly. 11(1): 64-75. Bernal, J., Mackay A. 1965. Towards a science of science. Warsaw: Congress of the History of Science. 1950... :. 1959... :. 1982... :. Brown, A. 2005. J. D. Bernal: The Sage of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2008... (6). Goldsmith, M. 1980. Sage: A Life of J. D. Bernal. London: Hutchinson. 2006... 06-08-A3. 1954. J. D... (11): 68-71. Mackay, A., Goldsmith, M. 1964. The Science of Science. London: Souvenir Press. 2002.. : /. 1986... 4(2): 22-27. Swann, B., Aprahamian F. 1999. J. D. Bernal: A Life in Science and Politics. London: Verso. Wright, P. 2010. Passport to Peking: A Very British Mission to Mao's China. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2009.. :. 1956 1953 [ 2004b 295-296]
2004a. (2). :. 2004b. (3). :. 2005. (6). :. 2006a. (8). :. 2006b. (9). :. 2006c. (10). :.. 2006d. (11). :. 2007a. (12). :. 2007b. (13). :. J. D. Bernal and China QIAN Wei, LI Xinxin Abstract: J. D. Bernal is a famous British left wing scientist and the pioneer and founder of Science of Science. Via consulting relative literatures and archives, this paper showed the intercourse between J. D. Bernal and Chinese government and scholars, in order to illustrate an outline of the Sage of Science in the background of the science and culture in modern China. Shortly after J. D. Bernal s The Social Function of Science was published in 1939, it was learnt and cited by some Chinese scholars like CHU Co-ching. He was invited as a VIP for the fifth and the tenth anniversary celebration of the foundation of New China in 1954 and 1959, and was met by the main leaders of this country. During his stay in China, he visited many scientific institutions and plants, and made lots of speeches. J. D. Bernal gave out the sincerest help to the development of science in New China, and became a real friend of the developing country. But the situation was changed soon with the complicated international relations in 1960s, he was regarded as an enemy of the country and was not got the same praise as his old friend Joseph Needham. Key words: science of science; J. D. Bernal; Chu Co-ching; history of the Chinaforeign communication of science and technology; World Peace Council