Watson Crick DNA 60 8 2050 100 National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy 1
IT IS 1-1 2
biopharming 2003 DNA 3
Biofertilizer Regulations Field Trial Approval 4
product Approval Intellectual Property Right, IPR Capital Formation Technology Transfer Education R&D Funding 5
Public Opinion DNA Global Industry Analysts 1-1 2000 27 21 4 2010 72 10.17% 1-1 2000 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000-2010 2,114 3,051 6,083 11.2% 417 515 801 6.8% 207 245 328 4.7% 2,738 3,812 7,213 10.2% Agricultural Biotechnology, A Global Strategic Business Report, Global Industry Analysts, Nov. 2003. 6
1-2 60% 25.5% 7.6% 2000 2010 14.4% 11.9% 9.3% 1-2 2000 2010 2000 2005 2010 2000-2010 209 349 804 14.4% 699 1,057 2,156 11.9% 95 128 232 9.3% 1,712 2,249 3,969 8.8% 22 29 52 8.7% 2,738 3,812 7,213 10.2% Agricultural Biotechnology, A Global Strategic Business Report, Global Industry Analysts, Nov. 2003. 1. 1970 1995 1995 Monsanto Syngenta Dupont 1980 1990 2. 1995 2000 Monsanto 1990 Paradigm Genetics Exelixis Large Scale Biology Corp. Monsanto Syngenta forerunner Dupont Dow 1990 3. 2003 2010 2003 7
2004/05 4. 2010 2010 2002 Syngenta Monsanto Bollgard Bt Agrow Reports 2002 42.5 2001 38 11.8 1995 5 2005 50 1-2 8
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Agrow Reports ITIS 1-2 1996-2005 48 33 16 3 Monsanto RoundUp Ready 2001 13.25 2001 Bt 5.33 3.46 1.88 RoundUp Ready 1.19 RoundUp Ready 9,900 Calgene Flavr Savr 1992 1994 Zeneca 1996 1998 1996 2,780 2002 5,870 22 98 9
85 1. 1990 optimisation genetic markers 20 Bacillus thuringiensis 1990 2. germplasm Dow Mycogen Seeds Monsanto Cargill Seeds Asgrow Monsoy Dupont 1999 Pioneer Hi-Bred International 3. Agrow Reports 20 1-3 20 1995 2000 10
1-3 20 ( ) Advanced Technologies Cambridge ( ) Advanta ( ) BASF ( ) Bayer CropScience ( ) Ceres Inc. ( ) CropDesign NV ( ) Delta and Pineland ( ) Dow AgroScience ( ) DuPont ( ) Exelixis ( ) Group Limagrain ( ) KWS SAAT ( ) Large Scale Biology Corp ( ) Maxygen ( ) Mendel ( ) Monsanto ( ) Paradigm ( ) Savia Seminis/Bionova ( ) Stine Seed Company ( ) Syngenta ( ) Agrow Reports ITIS 11
2/3 1993 9,000 2001 1.09 2001 24 25 5 10 12
Affymetrix DNA (probe) Animal Pharm Reports 2001 170.3 2000 1 24.1 14 8 2001 10 Gene-deleted subunit vectored 1-4 90 1-4 ITIS 13
31 7.5 26.9 3.8 2.7 5.1 21.1 3.6 1-4 Animal Pharm ITIS 1-4 2000 3 45 74 8 26 Intervet 1999 Hoechst Roussel Vet 2000 2000 4.02 16.6 Fort Dodge 1997 Solvay Animal Health 1998 1999 2000 Intervet Solvay Fort Dodge Solvay 2000 5.39 14.8 Merial 1997 Merck Rhone Merieux 14
3.32 13.7 Pfizer Schering-Plough Schering-Plough 1997 Mallinckrodt Veterinary Boehringer Ingelheim Bayer Virbac 3 4 1-5 25.9% Intervet ( ) 16.6% Virbac ( ) 3.1% Fort Dodge ( ) 14.8% Bayer ( ) 3.4% Boehringer Ingelheim ( ) 3.8% Schering- Plough ( ) 8.3% Pfizer ( ) 10.3% Merial ( ) 13.7% Animal Pharm ITIS 1-5 8 Agrow (microsporidium) Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt Metarhizium anisopliae Avermectin Entomopathogenic nematodes Pseudomonas sp. Bacillus subtilis Trichoderma sp. 15
Streptomyces sp. Beauveria 1980 UK Crop Protection Association 2001 271 2000 292 7.2% 40 50 30% 20% 5.6 1.6 2020 50 Bacillus thuringensis Bt 90 2001 195 780 16
Biopharming 350 WHO 40 70~80 64 FDA IND PhytoPharm Consulting 2002 224 2003 230 10 12 Business Communications Company 2002 137 2001 8 6.2% 6.4% 2007 188 130 124 35 233 28 65.6 54.3 23 14 3 Business Communications Company 40 50% 7.5% 5.3% 10 16 34 biopharming ProdiGene 17
Epicyte 1-4 enkephalins erythropoietin trypsin 1-5 AIDS B AIDS Gaucher s disease Norwalk virus Agrow Reports ITIS 1. ( GMO) 1996 1 2500 46% 7% 20% 18
2005 4 2000 251 2. 1990 (European Commission) 2001 7 25 (1) (2) (3) (4) 3. 19
4. (Gen 200 5. (Bayer) (Aventis CropScience) 66 Syngenta Monsanto BASF DowAgro DuPont Bayer 20