: 1965 1965,,,,,,,, 1965,,,,, 1980,,,, 20 1965,,, 1785,, Pallas, :, 1987 ; : :20, ( ) 1992 ; : 1940 1965 : ( Xiaojian Zhao, Remaking Chinese America : Immigration, Family and Community 1940-1965), 2002 : : (Min Zhou, China Town : The Socioeconomic Potential of an Urban Enclave), 1992 ; : (Peter Kwong, The New Chinatown), 1996 :, 1989, 3
68 2004 2,1820-1848, 14 1848 1851, 215 19 60,,, 1868,,, :,,,, 1870, 64,199, 1880, 105,465 1870,,,,, 1882 1879,, 15 1882, (The Chinese Restriction Act), :10 ;,, ; ; 1884, 1882,,,, 1888,, (Scott Act),, ;, 600, 1892,, ( Geary Act) : ;, ;1882 10,,,, 1898 1902 1904,,,, 1940, 106,334, 1880 1880 1940 60, 15, 2500 : (Thomas E. La Fargue, Some Early Visitors to the United States ), ( T ien Hsia Monthly),1940 12, 128 139 : (Mary R. Coolidge, Chinese Immigration), 1909, 489 :, 17 : 1,, 261 263, : 1850 1990 (Bill Ong Hing, Making and Remaking Asian America through Immigration Policy, 1850-1990), 1993, 48 :, 1989, 218 234, 1850 1990, 48
:1965 69, Peter Kwang, 1906,,,,,,,, 13,000, 17 %,, 1943, (Magnuson Act),, 105 105,,, 1946, 1945 1950, 5000, 90 %, (Paul Williams),1950-1952, 7500,,80 % - 90 % 1940 1960, 106,334 237,232,20,, 4 1965,,, 60 %,, 20 50, 20 60,, 1964,,,,, 1924, 1890,, 94 % 1965, 2, : ; 1965, 1960,,,, :, 14 :, 1987, 252 : :20, 419 : :20, 357 : :20, 422
70 2004 2,,,,,, 1965,, 6 : ( 20 %) ; ( 26 %) ; ( 10 %) ; ( 24 %) ; ( 10 %) ; ( 10 %), 80 %, 20 %,,,,,, 1965, 2, 600,,, 4769, 1966, 2. 7 1979, 28,391,, 1979, 2, 4106,,, 10 % - 20 % ;, 1979,,,, 20 80, 84. 5 %, :, 1998, 354 : :, 43 : :20, 419 :, 4 : (John D., Heinberg, Jeffrey K. Harris and Robert L. York, The Process of Exempt Immediate Relative Immigration to the United States ), ( International Migration Review) 23,1989 4, 845 846
:1965 71,,,,,,, 10,, 20 80, 20 2002, 20 70, 1968, 100, 1980, 1980 1996, ( ) 37. 8,, 85 %, ( ) 10 %, ( ) 18. 24, 80 %,60 %, 87,008, 52,315 20 90, 1991 1996, 22,300, 25, 58,85 % - 90 %,, 20 90,,,, 1978 1995, 218,,,,, 1960 1980, 15, 70 % - 80 % 1990, 97 % F - 1,,,, 1990 11 19,1992-1994 4615, 2, 1991-1993, 2002 10 2003 6, 22,, 16 1657,, 2002 3 5, 32, 2002,1996,1996 : 2003 10 07,http : / / www. auol. com. au/ reader/ index,1996 :, 60 61
72 2004 2 1,,,,,,, 1996,,, 1 10 20 90,,, 2001 : 2002 8 30 2001 (2000 10 2001 9 ),2001 106, 46,, 56,426, 2,, 206,426 70,290 1965,,, 1890-2000 ( ) 10 ( ) % % 1890 107,475 61,711 2,679 0. 7 1930 102,159 29,907 296 41. 2 1950 150,005 16,709 168 53. 0 1980 812,178 237,793 102 36. 7 1990 1,645,472 446,000 99 30. 7 2000 2,879,633 99 52. 9 1990 20, 683,793 1990 11 19, 10,000 : 101-649 ( Public Law 101-649, printed by Bureau of International Labor Affairs),, 1992, 5 : (Paul. J. Smith, Human Smuggling), 1997, 10,2001 106 4318 41 1059 ;65 3259 2000 48 % http :/ / www. chineseinternetnews. com. cn, 2002 2 9 10 : : 1950 1990, 48 ; : : 21 ( Eric Lai & Dennis Arguelles, eds., The New Face of Asian Pacific America : Number, Diversity & Change in the 21 th Century), 2003, 38
:1965 73 2000 4, 1190,60 %,47 % 270 ( ), 240 190 60, 330 2001-2002, 400 1960 2000, 10 1 1960, 40 % 1970,, 50 %, 1980, 66. 6 %, 1990, 70 % 20 80 20 90, 30,,, 20 80,, 20 80,,,, (Flushing), 20 80 2002, 20,,, : 10,, 1989,,,,, 1995,, 60, 20, 2002 4 19,1991 50,, :, 1999, 22 :, 4 2002 4 19, 3 : 2002 8, 16 : 2002
74 2004 2 1982-1995 1982 56,930 12,565 5,457 2,950 997 1990 234,800 70,100 54,900 16,400 32,500 1995 236,800 21,700 36,000 7,200 66,200,,,,,,,,,,1965,, : 41 %, 21 %,, 46 % 65 % ; 36 %, 27 % ; 9, 29 47 1,, 40,,,,,, 20 % 11,,,,, 1930-1940,, 20 70,,, 1982 1990 1995 1 % : ( Zai Liang, Demography of Illicit Emigration From China : A Sending Country s Perspective), ( Sociological Forum), 16,2001 4, 682 : 21, 39
:1965 75,, : (Betty Lim Guimares) ; (Lilian Sing) ; ; ; ; ; 20 80,, 20 70 80, ;1984, ( Hugh Mok),1983, ;1986, ;1987, ;1983, ;1985, ;1983, :1982, ;, 1989 ;1984, ;1989,,, 20 90,, :1990, ;1996, ;, ;2001,,20 80,,,,, 1974,, 1983,, 1987, 1988,,,,,,, 33, 2/ 3,,, 100,,,,, 1100, 3. 5 % 2000, 875, 7, : :20, 498 501 ; : :, 2003, 214 : :20, 502 :,, 2000 6 20
76 2004 2 0. 8 % 1998 250, 2, 0. 8 % 500,,, 21 %, 100 21 20 %, 16 %, 15 %, 6 %,,, 1990,, (Committee of 100),,,,,,, 1998, 80/ 20, 2000,, 300 1100,, 18, 2, 1, 9 80 %,,,,, 50 50,,,, 80 20,,,,,, 30, Bill - Lann - Lee 80/ 20,, 82 % :16 % 62. 6 % :34. 7 % 78 % :20 %,, 2000,, http : / / www. lanxun. com/ bmx/ bmx035/ nm03502. htm.
:1965 77,,,,2000,,,, 20,,,,, 1965,,,,,,,,, [, 361005 ] ( : ) P., 1500-1990, 2003 1996, 1500-1990,, ( ), :, 2003 1998, 1999, ( )