CIP / 2005.5 ISBN 7-81094-821-0..........F710 CIP 2005 041672 610054 787 1092 1/16 21 366 2005 5 2005 5 ISBN 7-81094-821-0/G 185 1 10000 29.80 028 83201495 610054
1 1...1 1.1...1 1.1.1...1 1.1.2...3 1.2...5 1.2.1...5 1.2.2...6 1.3...8 1.3.1...8 1.3.2...10 1.3.3...11 2...14 2.1...14 2.1.1...14 2.1.2...14 2.1.3...16 2.2...18 2.2.1...18 2.2.2...22 2.2.3...24 2.3...28 2.3.1...28
2 2.3.2...29 2.3.3...33 2.3.4...35 3...39 3.1...39 3.1.1...39 3.1.2...39 3.2...41 3.2.1...41 3.2.2...41 3.2.3...44 3.2.4...46 3.2.5...47 3.3...48 3.3.1...48 3.3.2...49 3.3.3...51 3.3.4...53 3.3.5...54 3.4...55 3.4.1...55 3.4.2...57 3.4.3...59 3.4.4...61 4...64 4.1...64 4.1.1...64 4.1.2...66 4.1.3...66 4.1.4...68 4.1.5...68
3 4.1.6...69 4.1.7...70 4.2...71 4.2.1...71 4.2.2...72 4.2.3...73 4.3...75 4.3.1...75 4.3.2...78 5...81 5.1...81 5.1.1...81 5.1.2...82 5.1.3...85 5.1.4...88 5.1.5...90 5.1.6...93 5.1.7...94 5.2...95 5.2.1...95 5.2.2...97 5.2.3...101 5.3...103 5.3.1...103 5.3.2...104 5.3.3...105 5.3.4...108 5.4...111 5.4.1...111 5.4.2...115 6...121
4 6.1...121 6.1.1...121 6.1.2...122 6.1.3...122 6.1.4...124 6.2...125 6.2.1...125 6.2.2...129 6.2.3...132 6.3...133 6.3.1...133 6.3.2...134 6.3.3...134 6.3.4...138 6.4...139 6.4.1...139 6.4.2...141 6.4.3...143 6.5...144 6.5.1...144 6.5.2...144 6.5.3...145 6.6...146 6.6.1...146 6.6.2...147 6.6.3...147 6.6.4...149 6.6.5...150 6.6.6...151 6.7...152 6.7.1...152 6.7.2...153
5 6.7.3...155 6.7.4...156 6.7.5...156 7...159 7.1...159 7.1.1...159 7.1.2...162 7.1.3...164 7.2...166 7.2.1...166 7.2.2...168 7.3...171 7.3.1...171 7.3.2...172 7.3.3...179 8...182 8.1...182 8.1.1...182 8.1.2...183 8.2...184 8.2.1...185 8.2.2...187 8.3...193 8.3.1...193 8.3.2...194 8.3.3...195 8.3.4...197 8.3.5...200 9...201 9.1...201
6 9.1.1...201 9.1.2...202 9.1.3...203 9.1.4...204 9.2...205 9.2.1...205 9.2.2...208 9.3...210 9.3.1...210 9.3.2...211 9.3.3...213 10...216 10.1...216 10.1.1...216 10.1.2...220 10.1.3...221 10.2...223 10.2.1...223 10.2.2...224 10.2.3...226 10.3...228 10.3.1...228 10.3.2...232 10.3.3...240 10.4...244 10.4.1...244 10.4.2...246 10.4.3...248 11...252 11.1...252
7 11.1.1...252 11.1.2...263 11.1.3...266 11.2...268 11.2.1...268 11.2.2...269 11.3...270 11.3.1...270 11.3.2...274 11.4...278 11.4.1...278 11.4.2...279 12...284 12.1...284 12.1.1...284 12.1.2...288 12.2...293 12.2.1...293 12.2.2...294 12.2.3...294 12.2.4...294 12.2.5...294 12.2.6...295 12.2.7...295 12.3...295 12.3.1...295 12.3.2...296 12.3.3...296 12.3.4...296 12.3.5...297 12.3.6...298
8 12.3.7...298 12.4...299 12.4.1...299 12.4.2...300 12.4.3...301 13...305 13.1...305 13.1.1...305 13.1.2...306 13.1.3...308 13.1.4...310 13.2...311 13.2.1...311 13.2.2...312 13.2.3...313 13.3...316 13.3.1...316 13.3.2...317 13.3.3...317...320...323
1 1 1 Á 1.1 1.1.1 Â 182 296
2 1 W W 2 W W W G W 3
1 3 Á W W G W G W G Â Ã 1.1.2 1 20 19 16 1995 3 59 1 182
4 Á 2 20 20 21 1 2 14 3 3 40
1 5 4 5 20 40 6 1.2 1.2.1 1
6 2 3 1.2.2 1
1 7 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 2 3
8 1.3 1.3.1 12 1 2 3 4
1 9 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 Á 12 1.3.2 1 1995
1 11 2 1.3.3 1 2 3 4
12 5 6 13 1 1 2 3 2 4 5 11 12 13
1 13 1 2 3 4
14 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 1 1 8
2 15 2 2
16 Á 1996 2002 GDP 2004 10 28 2.1.3 3 1 26 97
2 17 2 1 2 3 3 1 20 2 50
18 2 78 1000 2.2 2.2.1
2 19 1 Á 1 1852 100 19 60 Shopping Mall Shopping Mall GDP 3000 Shopping Mall 2 19 60 72 2001
20 Á 3 1930 8 73 2001
2 21 4 100 1867 1872 1991 700 5 20 90 1994 2 3 1
22 2 3 2.2.2 1 1 2
2 23 3 2 1 2 3 3
24 2.2.3 1 2 CBD Central Business District 20 20
2 5 Á 25 1 CBD 2 CBD 3 CBD CBD 4 CBD CBD CBD 5 CBD CBD CBD 3 1 1848 Â 21 9 2002 35 1994
26 2 4 1990 11 26 12 19 1989 11 15 1990 12 1 1991 4 11 7 3 1
2 27 2 3 5 3
28 2.3 2.3.1 1 21 2003 7 30 9 1 2003 9 10
2 29 2 2002 1/4 2.3.2
30 1 1 2 40
2 31 2 1 2
32 3 4
2 33 2.3.3 1 1 2 3
34 2 1 WTO 2 3 4
2 35 5 2.3.4 1 1 2
36 2 1 a b c d e f g h i j a b c d e f g h i j k l
2 37 a b c d e f g a b c d e f 2
38 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
3 39 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 Á
40 1 1 2 2 1 2
3 41 3 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 1
42 1
3 43 2 CD
44 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3.2.3
3 45 1 2 3 4 5
46 3.2.4 1 1 2 2 3
3 47 1 2 3.2.5 1 1 2 3 2
48 1 2 3 3.3 3.3.1 1 1 2 3
3 49 4 5 6 2 3 3.3.2 1
50 1 Á 2 3 4 2 1 Â 1 1 2 5 5 10 20 2 247 1998 248 1998
3 51 Á 3 3.3.3 1 248 1998
52 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 1 2 3
3 53 4 Á 3.3.4 1 1 2 3 4 5 252 1998
54 2 1 2 3 4 3.3.5 1
3 55 1 2 3 2 6 3.4 3.4.1 1
Á 56 2 1 2 3 4 5 260 1998
3 57 Á 6 3.4.2 1 1 Â 2 2 1 294 1999 295 1999
58 2 3 4 3 1 2 3
3 59 4 3.4.3 1 1 2 3 4 5 2
60 1 2 3 4 3 20 90 1 2 3 4 4
3 61 1 2 3 3.4.4 1 1982 25.87 2002 397.45 20 14.36 14.6 1982 2001 7 2003 192.19 6 Á 2 1982 8.43 2002 203.85 32.6 1982 51.3 2002 2004 2
62 59.3 1999 3 1997 4.85 1.9 2002 20.56 5.1 Á 3 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 2004 2
3 63 1 2 3 4 5
64 4 4.1 4.1.1 1 Á 23 423 424
4 65 Á 2 Â Ã Ä 3 3 24 2 91 1972 23 214 19 1998
66 4.1.2 1 Á 2 4.1.3 1 Â 25 718 25 208
4 67 2 Á 25 21
68 3 4.1.4 Á 4.1.5 25 936
4 69 4.1.6 Á 1 2 13 109
70 3 4.1.7 1 1 2 3 2
4 71 4.2 4.2.1 1 2
72 3 4 4.2.2 1
4 73 2 3 4.2.3 1
74 2 3
4 75 4 5 4.3 4.3.1
76 1 Á Â 2 3/4 46 217 46 217
4 77 3 21 4 Á 1 58
78 4.3.2 1 Á 2 3 1 23 182
4 79 Á 2 4 5 3 718
80 1 2 3 4 5
5 81 5 5.1 5.1.1 1 2 W W W G W
82 3 Á G W G 5.1.2 1 Â 4 162 24 182
5 83 Á Â 5-1 Ã 5-1 2 46 221 222 32 1991 32 2003
84 W G W 3 G W W G G W W W G W G G W G W G W
5 85 5.1.3 1 Physical Distribution PD Á 5-2 Â 7 2004 32 2003
86 5-2 2
5 87 3 1 2 3 4
88 5.1.4 1 5-3 5-3 2 G W G G W
5 89 3 1 G 2 Á 3 24 512
90 4 5.1.5 1 5-4 Á 5-5 Â 5-4 2 2003 33 1987
5 91 5-5
92 3 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 93 5.1.6 1 Á 5-6 5-6 2 1 2 24 144
94 5.1.7 1 2 3
5 95 4 5.2 5.2.1 1
96 Á 2 3 Â 4 1 102 1 103
5 97 5.2.2 1 Á 25 213
98 2
5 99 3
100 1 2 3 4 WTO
Á 5 101 5.2.3 1 1 2 3 Â 1 2 3 4 2 37 485 177 178 1994
102 3
5 103 4 5.3 5.3.1 1
104 5.3.2 1 1 2 3 2
5 105 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
106 5.3.3 1 1 2 2
5 107 3 4
108 5 6 Á 5.3.4 1 1997
5 109 2 1
110 2 3 4 5 2 1
5 111 2 5.4 5.4.1 1 Á 1 26 444
112 2 2 1 2
5 113 3 4 3
114 4 5 Á 54 2001
5 115 6 5.4.2 1 Á 1 2 412 2001
116 3 4 2 1 2
5 117 3 4 3 1 2
118 3 4 4 1
5 119 2 3 4 5 6 7
120 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9?
6 121 6 6.1 6.1.1
122 6.1.2 6.1.3
6 123 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
124 6.1.4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 125 6.2 6.2.1 1 2 1 2 3
Á 126 3 1 2 3 6 10 159 2002
6 127 6 10 60 1 6 10 16 4 5 6 7 8
128 9 Á 4 Â 1 2 [ ] 107 2001 183 2002
6 129 3 4 6.2.2 1 2 1
130 2 Á 3 4 3 1 2 3 4 33 [M] 2002
6 131 5 6 4 20 90 1 20 90 2 3 Point of Sale System POS Electronic Ordering System EOS Value Added Network VAN Quick Response QR Efficient Consumer Response ECR POS
132 POS 4 Private Brand PB PB PB PB PB PB 6.2.3 1 6-1 6-1 2 3 4
6 133 5 6 6.3 6.3.1 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 3
134 1 2 6.3.2 1 2 6.3.3 1
6 135 Á 2 1 Long position Short 2 Clearing house 788 [M] 2003
136 6-2 A B A A 6-2 3 5 15
6 137 Marking to market 4 Cash delivery 500 3 1 2
138 6.3.4 1 1 2 2 1 2
6 139 6.4 6.4.1 1 Internet Trade Dollar 2 1 2
140 3 4 5 3 1 10% 15% 2 A B B A
6 141 4 1 2 3 4 6.4.2 1 2 1 2
142 3 3 1 2 4 1
6 143 2 5 1 2 3 6.4.3 1 1
144 2 3 2 3 5 10 6.5 6.5.1 1 2 3 6.5.2 1 2 1
6 145 2 3 4 3 6.5.3 1 2 1 2 3
146 4 3 6.6 6.6.1 Electronic Commerce EC 20 90 Internet Internet 1 Intranet 2 Intranet
6 147 3 Intranet Internet Internet\Intranet 4 Internet\Intranet 6.6.2 1 E-mail EDI 2 6.6.3 1
148 2 Amazon com 1994 1997 4 160 1.48 3
6 149 4 365 24 W W Grainger MRO 1995 7 24 50 5 7 30 5 Amazon com 2 3 1997 106 500 Amazon com 6 8 6.6.4
150 IBM HP Yahoo Alta Vista Infoseek 6.6.5 1 Internet Intranet 6500 Internet Intranet 2 B2B PC PC IDC 1997 9 1997 Internet 100 2001 2200 79 Internet Forrester
6 151 10 3 B2C WWW Internet Mushskin Mushskin Mushskin Internet Intershop 24 1000 1996 500 4 B2G Internet 6.6.6
152 1 2002 2002 Internet 6.5 CNNIC 2003 6 6800 48.5 1997 10 62 l09.7 2 2002 22 935 Forrester 2006 12.8 18 30 2001 3 B2C 18 6.7 6.7.1, 1 Á 1 5 8 2003.6
Á 6 153 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6.7.2 10 20 2003.6
154 Á 1 Â 1 2 CIS 2 Ã 1 11 2 148 1996.9 4 6 2001.3 149 150 1996.9
6 155 3 6.7.3 150 151 1996.9
156 6.7.4 1 1 2 3 2 6.7.5 1 150 151 1996.9
Á 6 157 International Franchise Association. IFA Ã Â 2 1 2 3 3 1 Product and Trade Name Franchising 2 Business Format Franchising 6 1996 [J] 2002 1 6 7 2001
158 a b c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7 159 7 7.1 7.1.1 1
160 2 3 1 2
7 161 3 4 5
162 7.1.2 1 2
7 163 3 4
164 5 6 1 2 3 7.1.3 1
7 165 2 1 2 3
166 3 7.2 7.2.1 1
7 167 2 1 2
168 3 4 5 7.2.2
7 169 C V M C V M C V M C V M 1 1 2 2 1
170 2 3 3 1 C V 1 2 2
7 171 3 7.3 7.3.1
172 7.3.2 1
7 173 2 Á 3 142 1964
174 Á 317 318 2001
7 175 4 20% 100 20 [100 1 20% ] 20 60
176 5 3 5 500 1% 2%
7 177 6 Á 7 215 1988
178 297 300 297 3 0.9 9.9 1 10 9
7 179 7.3.3
180 1 2 3
7 181 1 2 3 4
182 8 8.1 8.1.1
8 183 1 2 3 8.1.2
184 1 2 1 2 3 8.2
8 185 8.2.1 1 Á 23 613 614
186 2 3 4 1 50%
8 187 2 8.2.2 1 1
188 2004 11 547 2
8 189 2 Á Â 1 276
190 1 2 3 4
8 191
192 1994 1
8 193 GDP 8.3 8.3.1 Á 467 2000
194 8.3.2 1 2 3
8 195 8.3.3
196 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 3
8 197 3 1 2 3 8.3.4 1 1
198 20 70% 1979 300 2004 13 980 2004 11 547 35.7% 1979 32 2004 3 2004 600 6000 2 2001
8 199 2 20 60 20 70 1984 1998 1984 1996 1996 12 1 1992 2005 1992
200 43.2% 10% 1999 1 8.3.5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5
9 201 9 9.1.1 9.1 ÂÁ I P.D.V. I 2 1986 P.D.V. 1 1988
Á 202 Â Negotiation 9.1.2 1 Trade Negotiation 1 2 3 3 1994 2 1995
9 203 2 1 2 3 4 9.1.3 1
204 2 3 4 5 9.1.4 1
9 205 2 3 9.2 9.2.1 1 1 Quality
206 2 Quantity 3 Packing
9 207 2 1 Transportation 2 Insurance 3 Commodity Inspection 3 1 Price
208 2 Payment 4 1 Claim 2 Arbitration 9.2.2
9 209 1 1 2 2 1 2
210 9.3 Á 9.3.1 295 1996
9 211 9.3.2 1 1 2 3 4
212 2 1 2 3 1 2 3
9 213 9.3.3 1 1 2
214 3 2 1 2
9 215 1 2 3
216 10 10.1 10.1.1 1
10 217 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 1
218 20 2 Á 3 4 83 2001
10 219 4 20 90 1 Â 2 42 2003 6
220 5 1 Á 2 10.1.2 1 2 19 1993
10 221 1 2 10.1.3 1 1
Á 222 2 2 1 213 214 2000
Á 10 223 2 10.2 10.2.1 1 2 1 215 216 2000
224 2 3 4 Á 3 10.2.2 1 2 1 387 388 1994
10 225 2 3 4 Á 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 1 2 183 2003
226 3 4 10.2.3 1 2 1 2
10 227 3 4 5 3 4 1 2
228 3 4 10.3 10.3.1 1 1 15 17
10 229 17 19
230 20 20 30 2
10 231 2
232 10.3.2 1 1
10 233 2
234 80% 3
10 235 2 1
236 2
10 237 3
238 3 1
10 239
240 2 3 10.3.3
10 241 1 1948 1950 603 1960 l291 l970 3113 9.3% Á 60 70 10% 80 4.3% 1980 1.9 1990 3.2 90 6% 2003 9.1 2 1 60 1937 63% 37% 1973 38% 62% 1987 28% 72% 1997 18% 82% 2 80 1967 900 1982 4050 15% 2003 1.8 20% 60 25 456 1994
242 70 110 80 500 Á 80% 10% 3 1 1950 63% 1973 71% 30.8% 19.2% 1974 1982 1983 1997 72% 22% 2 1/3 1993 10 682 7012 6039 Â2003 20 296 13 500 8549 4 7 % 4 50 70 70 80 457 1994 25 1998
10 243 80 5 2001 14 50% 60% 70% 3/4 87% 90% Á 6 7 7 1997
244 8 10.4 10.4.1 1
10 245 2 3 4 5
246 10.4.2 1 2
10 247 3 R-1800 4 5
248 10.4.3 1 1 20 2
10 249 3 4 2
250 1 2 3 20 90
10 251 1992 42% 1998 53.4% 2000 48.55% 2002 50% Á 4 1 2 3 4 5 47 2003
252 11 11.1 11.1.1 1 1 2
11 253 Á Â 3 1 356
254 4
11 255
256 2 1 Á 1 83
11 257
258
11 259 2 Á Â 37 1997 270 1999
260 Á Â 30 1997 146
Á 11 261 113 1997
262
11 263 11.1.2 1 2
264 3 1
11 265 2 3 4
266 5 D 11.1.3
11 267 1 2 3 4 5
268 6 11.2 11.2.1 1 2 3
11 269 4 5 11.2.2 1 2
270 3 4 5 6 7 11.3 11.3.1
11 271 1 1 2 3 2
272 3 4
11 273 5 WTO 6 7
274 8 11.3.2 1 1
11 275 3% 30% 40% 20 90 100% 1993 1994 16% 1105% 2
276 3
11 277 2 3
278 4 11.4 11.4.1
11 279 11.4.2 1 90 1
280 2 3 4 2 1
11 281 2 POS 3
282 4 5
11 283 6 1 2 3 4 5
284 12 12.1 12.1.1 1 1
12 285 2
286 2 1 Á 26 281
12 287 2 3 4
288 12.1.2 1 1 2
12 289 3 2 1 / 100% / 100% / 100%
290 / 100% 2 / 100% / 100% / 100% / 100% /
12 291 / / 100% / 100% / 100% / 100%
292 / 100% / 100% / 100% / 100% 3 / 100% / 100%
12 293 4 / 100% / 100% / 100% / 100% 12.2 12.2.1
294 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.2.4 12.2.5
12 295 12.2.6 12.2.7 12.3 12.3.1
296 12.3.2 12.3.3 12.3.4
12 297 12.3.5
298 12.3.6 12.3.7
12 299 12.4 12.4.1
300 12.4.2 1 2
12 301 3 4 5 6 12.4.3 1
302 2 3 4
12 303
304 1 2 3 4 5
13 305 13 13.1 13.1.1 1
306 2 3 4 13.1.2 1 1 436 441 1999
13 307 2 / 2 1 2 3 1
308 2 3 13.1.3 1
13 309 40 9-10 50 1939 J A 6 3 1 2 3 4 2 1
310 2 3 4 13.1.4
13 311 13.2 13.2.1 1 2 3
312 4 5 6 13.2.2 1 2 1 448 449 1999
13 313 100% 2 3 3 13.2.3 1
314 2 1 2 3 4 3 1 2 3 4 5 6
13 315 7 4 5 1 2 3 6
316 7 13.3 13.3.1 1 2 3
13 317 13.3.2 1 2 3 13.3.3 21 1 2
318 3 4 5
13 319 1 2 3 4
320 1 1995 2 1994 3 1998 4 1995 5 1999 6 1997 7 1993 8 2002 9 1997 10 2003 11 2001 12 1997 13 2002 14 1998 15 1997 16 2002 17 1994 18 1995 19 1996 20 2003 21 1993 22 1995 23 1990
321 24 1997 25 [ ] 1964 26 2002 27 1997 28 1993 29 1988 30 2001 31 1997 32 2000 33 2003 34 [ ] 2001 35 2002 36 2004 37 1 3 1975 38 [ ] 2001 39 2001 41 2003 42 1994 43 1995 44 1998 45 2003 46 1995 47 1996 48 2002 49 1999 50 1998 51
322 1994 52 2002 53 21 2002 54 2001 55 1999 56 1993 57 1993 58 1990 59 1999 60 2000 61 2001 62 2001 63 2002 64 1996 65 2001 66 2001 67 1996 68 2000
323 1 8 11 12 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 1 2 4 5 3 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 1 2 10 1 2 7 3 10 3 4 9 13 2005 4 28