4 : 255 [ 2, 4 7 ] [ 8 11 ],,,, [ 12 ] Koldewey , [ 13 ],,, NCEP Koldewey, NCEP 2,, 1231km, 107km Koldewey ( N, E, 11m) A lfre

Similar documents
, 2 : ; 4 8, mm, mm, 43. 3% ; 350 mm, 70% , 32 d, d mm, 45. 1% mm, mm, 850 hpa (

Microsoft Word - 1--齐继峰_new_.doc

~ a 3 h NCEP ~ 24 3 ~ ~ 8 9 ~ km m ~ 500 m 500 ~ 800 m 800 ~ m a 200

畜牧 动物医学 蚕 蜂

4期

IPCC CO (IPCC2006) 1 : = ( 1) 1 (kj/kg) (kgc/gj) (tc/t)

1 GIS 95 Y = F y + (1 F) (1) 0 0 Y0 kg/hm 2 /day F y 0 y c kg/hm 2 /day [12] y m 20 kg/hm 2 /hour Y = cl cn ch G [ F( y ) T m yo + (2) (1 F)(

85% NCEP CFS 10 CFS CFS BP BP BP ~ 15 d CFS BP r - 1 r CFS 2. 1 CFS 10% 50% 3 d CFS Cli

2006年会讯第二期.doc

5期xin

by industrial structure evolution from 1952 to 2007 and its influence effect was first acceleration and then deceleration second the effects of indust

14 17.,., Fig. 1 Bougeur gravity map of research region 2 Fig. 2 Magnetic map of research region

mm ~

Bairoch, ) (Angus Maddison,1926 ) (Bairoch, 1976, 1981), 1960, , 220, 228 ; , 447, 310, 178 (1993) (1988) Peter Brecke (

,,,,,,,,,, ; (),,,,,,,, 1862,1864 8,,() () () () () () (), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 95 %,, 1.,,, 20 (1838 ) (1873 ), ( )

2 决 (1) (2) (3) 408AD-537AD AD-509AD 2.66 ( 1990) 衆 ( ) 6.5 1) 1)

谢今范

720 () 2009,,, , ( ) (6 8 ), ( 5) ( 6).,,119 E, 150 km., 25. 5, 25,., 5b. 3 ROMS 3. 1 ROMS, S,.,,,, [ 9 ]. 1/ 32 ( ),25, 18 s, 180 s

4 : 817,, ( ),, ,,, 2 (5 cm),,, , 8 18 : :00, ( 1 1), 25098, %, 18006, ,, 32,

km km mm km m /s hpa 500 hpa E N 41 N 37 N 121

(ICL),, 5 ( ), 40,, , [2,15-19], 3, (THI) (WCI) ( 1) 1 Tab.1 THI WCI and ICL grade standard,, ( ); 3, ;, 1 1, Fig.1 Structur

SWAN min TITAN Thunder Identification Tracking Analysis SWAN TITAN and Nowcasting 19 TREC Tracking Radar Echo by Correlaction T

~ 10 2 P Y i t = my i t W Y i t 1000 PY i t Y t i W Y i t t i m Y i t t i 15 ~ 49 1 Y Y Y 15 ~ j j t j t = j P i t i = 15 P n i t n Y

third in 20 years. The student population will be in the range of million before Keywords education age population family planning

3 : 3 285, ( 1) 2 1 Fig11 CD cover of the Electronic Version of the National Physical A tlas of China 211 ( 2), ;, ;, ; 2 Fig12 System structure of th

(1) ( 1965 ),, 1952 [9] 2.1 (2) 1 53 (E i ), 2 (P i ) (G E (G P, 31 (Q i ) 3, : G E (x,y)= (E i Q(x i, y i )) E i G P (x,y)=

%

4

Microsoft Word - d27 彭玉柱.doc

30 5 1,,1981 1, (BlOMASS) 1984,,,,, cm ( Eup ha usua superba) (4), , 1, (0. 99 ), (5) [ 3 ],,, 4 %,, [ 4 ],, 20 70,,80 20 :??,???? (


第二部分

2000 3,,,,,,, (Marriage Market) (Mary Ann Lamanna and Agnes Riedmann,1991) [1 ],,,,,,,, (Marriage Squeeze),,, 11112,,,, : (1),, ;,,,, (2

2011第1期第二部分


Microsoft Word - 荆红卫 板.doc

4 : 85 :, (2) :, gλ (, ), ( gλψ, gλζ ) :,,, 112,?,, :, :,,, (conceptual domain), (conceptual components) (hierarchical structure),, : (,[ ], ) 1,,,, (

~ ~ ~

1556 地 理 科 学 进 展 30 卷 他 关 于 农 村 住 房 结 构 与 抗 震 性 能 的 研 究, 则 多 是 从 工 程 抗 灾 的 角 度, 研 究 某 种 构 造 类 型 的 房 屋, 力 图 找 到 传 统 房 屋 的 结 构 失 误 和 新 建 房 屋 中 存 在 的 问 [

% %

be invested on the desilting of water sources and to paved canals with cement mortar while drinking water project can focus on the improvement of wate

29期xx(copy)

1933~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ khams khams

1 119 Clark 1951 Martin Harvey a 2003b km 2

Microsoft Word - N 已统稿（0321）

132 包 装 工 程 2016 年 5 月 网 产 品 生 命 周 期 是 否 有 与 传 统 产 品 生 命 周 期 曲 线 相 关 的 类 似 趋 势 旨 在 抛 砖 引 玉, 引 起 大 家 对 相 关 问 题 的 重 视, 并 为 进 一 步 研 究 处 于 不 同 阶 段 的 互 联 网

, [3 ] Petri, 25 7, 500, [4,5 ], 3, (2), 2003, [ 6 ],,, ,, [7 ], 569, 26, ( ) : 2 ; 3 ; 4, ; 5, : (a) ( ) :,,

72 (2001) group waves. Key words: Correlation coefficient for consecutive wave heights, mean run length (1993) (1996) (1998) (1999) (1993) (

标题

: 1995g g2000 ( ), 2000 ), 1995g g2000 ( , TM,, 1 10 g, 50m, 9817% [4, 10 ], 6 25,, ;, : (3

Z-I A b Z-I A b Z Z-I A A b Z-I Miller [5] Z i I i Z-I [6] Z-I Z-I Z-I Z-I Z I Wilson [7] 1970 [8] [9] 20.32% Sasaki [10] Nino- miya [11] [12]

Microsoft Word 定版

m 3 /a t /a m 3 /a t /a 4 t 6 t 8 t t 10 t 8 t 3

,,,,, 1970,,, ( ), ( ),,, ( ) ( ),,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, (, ),,, :,,,,,,,, 64, 1970,,

[1] [2] [ 1] [ 2]

~4 197~ [8] [11].5.5 A grid V grid A r ϕ ϕ λ r ϕ 2 2 grid = cos = (π /36) cos V grid = A grid P grid 1 6 r ϕ A grid km 2

为 止, 以 集 中 式 光 伏 发 电 系 统 为 主, 其 主 要 原 因 是 我 国 政 策 推 动 方 面 以 国 家 主 导 为 主, 这 种 自 上 而 下 的 政 策 和 运 行 方 式, 更 容 易 迅 速 推 动 集 中 式 光 伏 系 统 的 建 设 集 中 式 光 伏 发 电


p

2 207 Manuel Castells

, (, 2002).,,. 2002, 16 (), 9, 10, 109.,, 9, 2 (), 7, 30 %(, 2003).,, , 1 557,. 1, (, 2003). ( scenario eart hquake lo ss model

Microsoft Word tb 赵宏宇s-高校教改纵横.doc

( ) [11 13 ] 2 211,,, : (1),, 1990 ( ) ( ),, ; OD, ( ) ( ) ; , ( ), (2) 50 %,, 1999 ( ) ( ) ; (3),,

Fudan Education Forum Vol.16 No.5 [2] [3] [4] 90 [5] [6] [7] Martha Nussbaum [8]


第16卷 第2期 邯郸学院学报 年6月

62 互 動 性 裝 置 藝 術 對 幼 保 系 學 生 壓 力 情 緒 療 癒 影 響 之 案 例 探 究 62 壹 緒 論 一 研 究 背 景 與 動 機 根 據 財 團 法 人 董 氏 基 金 會 於 2008 年 1 對 大 學 生 主 觀 壓 力 來 源 與 憂 鬱 情 緒 相 關 性 研

蒋 哲等 基于 CVM 的有机农业认知程度和消费意愿研究 201 (P 0.000). On the basis of these results, enhancing publicity, pricing reasonably, focusing on high- income groups ar

第 37 卷 第 5 期 自 然 论 坛 亿, 相 当 于 总 人 口 的 1/4; 到 2050 年, 比 重 将 达 到 1/3, 相 当 于 三 个 人 中 就 有 一 个 老 年 人 2013 年 上 海 市 60 岁 及 以 上 老 年 人 口 为 万 人, 占 总 人 口

一次辽宁暴雨过程的诊断及风场反演分析

标题

11 25 stable state. These conclusions were basically consistent with the analysis results of the multi - stage landslide in loess area with the Monte

标题

~ ~

Dictionary of National Biography


59 [1] [2] [3] A A ( 4 ) A A [4]

:,; ;, ( ) 25,, 80 90, 90,,,,,,, ( ), ( ), %,, , ,, ( ),,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ) , , 3395,3400, 20 % 30 %,

Schumpeter Mensch Freeman Clark Schumpeter Mensch 1975 technological stalemate 2000 Van Dujin 1977 OECD 1992 Freeman 1982 Van

: ;,, 0 0, 60, 0 80,, 76 78, (Deregulation),,,, (Open Sky), (ACI),006.%.8%,.7% 008,, 000, ( ), ( )0, / 6, ; 8, ;, ; 7, ; 06, 6, 006 0, ( ) 0,.%; 0 60,

2006年会讯第三期（略图）.doc

VLBI2010 [2] 1 mm EOP VLBI VLBI [3 5] VLBI h [6 11] VLBI VLBI VLBI VLBI VLBI GPS GPS ( ) [12] VLBI 10 m VLBI 65 m [13,14] (referen

92

successful and it testified the validity of the designing and construction of the excavation engineering in soft soil. Key words subway tunnel

EXCEL EXCEL

three regions or three strata 3 Seneca 4 ~ 65 Quaestiones naturales 4 Themon 1349 ~ 1361 Questions on the Four Books of Aristotle's Meteorolo

Microsoft Word 李海波_new_.doc

MA

标题

第 30 卷 53 贾熟村 太平天国时期的左宗棠集团 之浮收中饱 有不遵守之州县 欲求阻挠之吏绅 即予撤革 于是 咸丰元 二 三 四等年之民 间积欠 率皆踊跃输将 使国课不至虚悬 军储 不至束手 州县办公亦不至拮据 收到了很好的 [2] 效果 农民亦欢欣鼓舞 咸丰六年正月 道员王錱陷湖南江华 升平

Microsoft Word 年第三期09

% 82. 8% You & Kobayashi % 2007 %

标题

桂医大研〔2015〕10号

< C4EAB5DA37C6DA2E6D7073>

59-81

SVM OA 1 SVM MLP Tab 1 1 Drug feature data quantization table

2011年第30期终

标题

月32期

Transcription:

18 4 Vol. 18, No. 4 2006 12 CH INESE JOURNAL OF POLAR RESEARCH December 2006 (, 100081), Koldewey 1993 2003,,, 32. 2%,, ;, 10, NCEP /NCAR, NCEP Koldewey NCEP /NCAR 1,, [ 1 ],,, 90 1991,, [ 2 ] ; 1999 2003, [ 1, 3 ] ; 2002 [ 2 ] 2004 7,,, [ ] 2006 7, 2006 8 [ ] (40333032) [ ],, 1977 2005

4 : 255 [ 2, 4 7 ] [ 8 11 ],,,, [ 12 ] Koldewey 1993 2003, [ 13 ],,, NCEP Koldewey, NCEP 2,, 1231km, 107km Koldewey (78. 925 N, 11. 950 E, 11m) A lfred W egener Institute (AW I) 1991 8 200m,, - 5. 1,, 0 ( Coreless W inter) ( Pointed Sum2 mer) [ 14 ], ( ), 1 2m / s [ 13 ],, 1993 2003 11, AW I [ 13 ],, + 1 5 Kipp + Zonen CM11; Epp ley ; Haenni Solar NCEP /NCAR, [ 15, 16 ] ( CDC) NCEP /NCAR ( NCEP ), 1993 2003 (,, ), 192 94 3 [ 17 ], 1985, 12,,, 128d (4 19 8 24 ), 120d (10 23 2 19 ) 12. 2h,, 3. 6h,

256 18 29. 2%, 72. 4%,,, 7. 7h, 32. 2% 6. 7h, 5. 3h, 27m in 93. 4% 4 5, ( 1) 2 1 4 7 10,, 1 10 7,, 10 20m in /h 7,, 4, 35m in, 30m in /h, 9, 15 1 Fig. 1. Annual cycle of sunshine duration 2 Fig. 2. D iurnal change of sunshine duration

4 : 257 4 4. 1 ( Q) Koldewey 3,, 82% 97%, 5 6,, 387W m - 2, 2000 6, 653W m - 2, 2001 6,,, 6, 600. 6MJ m - 2, (69 22 S, 76 22 E) 12 (938MJ m - 2 ) 2 /3, (62 13 S, 58 58 W ) (382MJ m - 2 ) [ 18 ] 3 Fig. 3. Annual change of Q, (1 - a) Q, F and B 2429MJ m - 2, (79 15 S, 40 30 E) 4509MJ m - 2 [ 5 ], 1939MJ m - 2 [ 18 ] Koldewey 17,,,, 7,, 7 4 ( 4a), 4 250W m - 2, 7 50W m - 2 4. 2 ( a) [ ( 1 - a) Q]

258 18 4 Fig. 4. D iurnal change of Q, (1 - a) Q, F and B, 51%, 5 5 ( : % ) Fig. 5. Annual change of albedo 4, 3 5 78%, 6,,, 7 9 20% ;, 7 8, 15%,,,,, 12 1 ( ) 22% 19% [ 19 ], Koldewey

4 : 259,,,,,,, 7,,, 7 4 4b, 7 200W m - 2, 4 4. 3 ( F), ( ) 1124MJ m - 2, 420MJ m - 2,,, 3,, 7 8,, ( 4c),, 0 5W m - 2,,, 7, 25W m - 2 38MJ m - 2, 24MJ m - 2,, 4. 4 ( B),,, 4 9,, (6 9 ), 4 10 64. 6MJ m - 2,,, ( 2. 7% ),, 585. 5MJ m - 2 5 9, 6 7 5 8 601MJ m - 2, 545MJ m - 2 4d, 7 4 (7 17 ) 7 170W m - 2, 11 4 66W m - 2, 12 4. 5 ( 6),, 12,,

260 18 0. 001, 1994 1996 1999, 6 12, 1997 6 Fig. 6. Monthly standard variation of Q, (1 - a) Q, F and B,, 0. 4W m - 2 /10a;,, [ 13 ], 5 NCEP NCEP, NCEP,,, NCEP,,,, 1993 2003 NCEP Koldewey (13. 125 E, 79. 0435 N), NCEP NCEP, T62L28 6, [ 15, 20 ]

4 : 261 NCEP Koldewey, NCEP,, 7 NCEP, 4017, NCEP, Koldewey, 8 11, NCEP, 7 ( a) Q; ( b) (1 - a) Q; ( c) F; ( d) B Fig. 7. Correlation between NCEP reanalysis data and Koldewey observation data of daily Q, ( 1 - a) Q, F and B from 1993 to 2003 8 ( a) Q; ( b) (1 - a) Q; ( c) F; ( d) B Fig. 8. Annual cycle of average daily Q, ( 1 - a) Q, F and B from 1993 to 2003 (NCEP reanalysis data and Koldewey observation data)

262 18 7, NCEP, 8, NCEP,, : (1) NCEP, NCEP ; (2) 5 6, 7,,, ; (3), 4 9,,,, NCEP,, ; (4),, NCEP, ; (5), NCEP, NCEP, IPCC 1995 [ 21 ],, NCEP ( ),, 6, (1), 70%, 29. 2% (4 9 ) (10 3 ) (2),,, 64. 6MJ m - 2 (3) 10, (4) NCEP,,, 60 N,,,,, NCEP, A lfred2w egener2institute (AW I) D r. Andreas Herber, D r. Roland

4 : 263 Neuber M rs. Siegrid Debatin Koldewey 1.. :, 2003. 1 339. 2,,.., 2004, 16 (3) : 161 192. 3.. :, 2004. 1 229. 4,,.., 1990, 3 (4) : 42 51. 5,,,.., 1998, 9 (2) : 160 168. 6,,.., 1999, 3 (4) : 42 53. 7,.., 1993, 5 (1) : 39 45. 8,,,.. (D ), 2003, 33 (2) : 139 147. 9,,,.., 2002, 45 (1) : 8 16. 10,,,.., 2000, 12 (4) : 253 261. 11,,,.., 2001, 11 (5) : 492 498. 12 Georgiadis T, et al. Radiation and turbulence parameterizations at Ny2! lesund, Svalbard Islands. Mem Natl Inst Polor Res ( Spec), 2001, 54: 125 131. 13,,. Ny2! lesund., 2005, 17 (1) : 32 44. 14 SchwerdtfegerW. W eather and climate of antarctic. Development in A tmospheric Science, 1984, 15: 261. 15 Kalnay E, Kanam istu M, Kistler R, et al. The NCEP /NCAR 402year Reanalysis Project, Bulletin ofamerican Meteorologi2 cal Society, 1996, 77 (9) : 437 471. 16,,. NCEP /NCAR 40., 1999, 18 (2) : 199 208. 17,.., 1991, 12 (1) : 27 32. 18,,.., 2002, 9 (2) : 255 262. 19,,,. 20., 2004, 62 (5) : 672 691. 20 Kistler R, et al. The NCEP2NCAR 502Year reanalysis: monthly means CD2ROM and documentation. Bulletin of the A2 merican Meteorological Society, 2001, 82 (2) : 247 267. 21 IPCC. The Science of Climate Change. UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 78.

264 18 SUR FAC E RAD IAT ION CHARAC TER IS T IC S AT N Y2! LESUND OVER THE ARC T IC TUNDRA AR EA Deng Haibin, Lu Longhia and B ian L ingen (Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China) Abstract Based on Koldewey Station s 1993 2003 hourly observational data, this paper conducts a statistical analysis on the radiation characteristics for an arctic tundra region (Ny2! lesund is2 land) where our first arctic expedition station (Huanghe Station) is located. Affected by cloudy sky, Ny2! lesund s sunshine percent was only 32. 2% even during deep summer. A s a result of ice and snow s melting effect during warm season, surface reflecting ratio was quickly decrea2 sing and surface absorbing radiation and effective radiation were rap idly increasing. net radiation was positive during the whole year. warm season and was absent during cold season. trends though temperature was clear up trend at Ny2! lesund. The total Surface absorbing radiation m ainly focused in Radiation factors didn t show clear changing NCEP /NCAR reanalysis data of the grid closest to Ny2! lesund aren t accurate in keep ing consistent changes with the data ob2 tained at Ny2! lesund about surface radiation factors. Key words A rctic, tundra surface, Koldewey, radiation characteristics, NCEP /NCAR.

2024 © docsplayer.com 隐私 | 条款 | 反馈