The Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere Man and the Biosphere 20103 Man and the Biosphere

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The Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2010 3 63!!"!!"#$%&'(!"#$!!!!"!!!!"#!"#!"# ISSN 1009-1661 CN 11-4408/Q!!"!"#!! 82-253!"#$%&'( 399,100044)!"# 1383 BM!"!"#$ 52! 100864 010 83907857! bjmab@yahoo.cn!"#$%&'()! 2010 6!"!"#$%&'(!"!" www.qikan.com www.bookan.com.cn 16.00!"#$%&'()*+, E!=!F 4 12 24 26 32 42 44 48 62 64!" Man and the Biosphere 2010 3 Man and the Biosphere!"#$%!! ==!"#$%&!"#!"!"!!"#$%! ==!"#$!"#!"#!"#$%!"#$ ==!!"#!"#!"! MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE ( BIMONTHLY ) (Series No.63 No.3, 2010) Authorized by: Chinese Academy of Sciences Sponsored by: The Chinese National Committee for MAB Published by: Editorial Division of Man and the Biosphere Honorary editor-in chief: Xu Zhihong, Li Wenhua Science advisor: Zhao Xianying, Wang Xianpu Editor-in-chief: Wang Ding General Supervisor: Han Nianyong Executive deputy chief editor: Zheng Hong, Chen Xiangjun Editor: Song Yanbo, Xue Qing Photographer: Zhou Haixiang Art editor: Guo Xiaotao English translator: Chen Quiping ISSN 1009-1661 CN 11-4408/Q Domestic distribution: Beijing Bureau for Distribution of Newspaper and Journals Subscription: All Local Post Offices in China Subscription code: 82-253 Overseas distribution: China International Book Trading Corporation P. O. Box 399, Beijing 100044, China Overseas subscription code: 1383 BM Correspondence to: Man and the Biosphere Chinese National Committee for MAB 52 Sanlihe Road, 100864 Beijing, P. R. China Tel: 86 10 83907857 E-mail: bjmab@yahoo.cn Printed by: BEIJING SHUNCHENG COLOUR PRINTING CO.,LTD All rights reserved.!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,-. Man and the Biosphere Programme launched by the UNESCO, is a global scientific programme related to the relationship between mankind and the environment. 70 84!!"!"#!"#=!"! 94!"#$%&'!"#! OMMV!"#$!"#$%$!"#!"#$%&'!"#$%& =

CONTENTS 4 12 24 26 32 42 44 48 62 64 70 84 94 A Wind Disaster Turns into Man-made Calamities Viewpoint: This Plan Goes Against Nature The Heavenly Garden (I) A Paradise for Flowers and Insects and A Feast of Eyes Battles for Pine Nuts Viewpoint: The Deplorable Results of Overharvest The Heavenly Garden (II) A Re-visit to the Secret Garden New Impacts from Tourism Development Viewpoint: What Should We Do to Commit to Conservation First The Heavenly Garden (III) Explore the Mystery of This Misty Wonderland Father of Tree The Heavenly Garden (IV) Climbing over the Crater Gives a Fantastic View of the Garden Expert interview: A Mirror of the Nature Reserve An Interview with Shen Xiaohui SYNOPSIS Special Issue: The Changbai Mountain Why Does This Heavenly Garden Have to Suffer So Much? A decades-long Changbai Mountain guard tells the misery stories of the mountain

1909 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

30 5000 500 10 50 20 80 1985 1986 1978 1985 7 6 8 8, 2010 50 2004 11

12

A Wind Disaster Turns into Man-made Calamities 1986 7 13

The Changbai Mountain 1700 1986 8 28 14

15

15 9924.5 170.3 121.5 71.2% 1050 1750 98% 20 80 The Changbai Mountain 1600 16

90-118 7.9-16.2 1960 100 30 1 7 1986 1993 5 1986, 4000 5200 28.8% 170 121 50 140 160 1285 2020 2 2%, 17

18 70% 600 50%- 70% 1996 1600 100 19868 The Changbai Mountain

19

20 5 80 1500-1600 50 The Changbai Mountain

1100 50 1600 21

The Changbai Mountain 22

23 1996 7

24 This Plan Goes Against Nature Viewpoint The Changbai Mountain

25 1600 2005 1987 1285 2020 70% 50-70% 1988 1. 2. 30% 3. 4. 5.

ARe-visit to the Secret Garden 26

() The Heavenly Garden (I) 27

1.4 700 2000 1800 2000 1950 2000 1750 1850 1300 260 500 800 9 20 28

29

30

1959 22 70 67 135 87 131 60 45 20 60 78 80 31

32

Battles for Pine Nuts 2000 33

The Changbai Mountain 34

35

The Changbai Mountain 30 70 20 80 36

5 10 22 80 10 30 80 90 37

The Changbai Mountain 1960 1986 19.6 5.8 70.4% 6737.4 1291.2 80.8% 4.2 30 110 5000 7000 2000 50 60% 20 50 400 3% 98% 1.8 38

2000 20 2001 1250 7 10% 20% 26 70% 39

40 2000 43389.1 98 30 38 2000 2 3000 The Changbai Mountain

41 26 9 27 6 113 27 8 3.8 9.5 2006

Viewpoint The Deplorable Results of Overharvest The Changbai Mountain 26 11 15 120 30 5 2004 2000 96.17%-98.93% 2.33% -0.59% 88.78% -96.39% 6.88% -3.01% 2000 2004 2000 2000 42

2000 2004 60% 2001 2004 60 20 20 120 10 10 1.88 0.29 2.6 0.2 1.76 0.32 50-100 1-8.8 2005 60% 50% 4 1000-2000 4 1000-2000 4 10-40 5 10-50 465 43

() The Heavenly Garden (II) 44

Re-visit to Athe Secret Garden 45

46 900

47 2007 30

48

New Impacts from Tourism Development 2006 49

2007 The Changbai Mountain 20 80 2005 6 20061 9+1 9 1 50

51

The Changbai Mountain 3 11 10 1 2006-2008 [2005]19 [2006] 30 3 5 2005 8 16 62 16.8 12 7000 2/5 2008 3 2 1400 200 2009 3 GDP 2 1 1.2 0.5 2.5 52

53 4 13 200 56 19 7.1 3

The Changbai Mountain 54

55

The Changbai Mountain 5 3 7000 49 2010-2012 2013-2015 2016-2020 11 15-20 56

57 2400 1700

The Changbai Mountain 85% 350 20 1 10 80 90 9 4-6 6-10 0.3% 2007 4 5 26620 887 104 4 5 2007 4-10 66 43 3 1867 2.82 75. 95% 4.65% 8 58

90 113 59

The Changbai Mountain 60

61 1983 2006-2008 0.033 33-83 70 1% 300-722 70 49% 231-769 70 58% 2002 1985 2007 433 1999

62 70% 70% 10% 20% Viewpoints What Should We Do to Commit to Conservation First The Changbai Mountain

63 2008 2007

E xplore the Mystery of This Misty Wonderland 64

() The Heavenly Garden (III) 65

66 2200 2566 20 80 2543 70

67

68 67 80 200 V 2003

69 30 2008 30 60 100

Father of Tree 70

71 1979 1999 6 19

72

73 1998 90 20 40 1943

74

75

76 25 50 1950 135 30% 10% 20 60 1978 25 19791223 1981 20

77 1979 20 90 400 40 3% 1998 39.8 60,,

78

79 30 GDP

63 1937 1999 80

1100-1700 60 1960 1500 19 1300 1978 81

1992 1000 2000 50 2000 1 30 87 2008 80 90 1990 82

83 10 6

C limbing over the Crater Gives a Fantastic View of the Garden 84

() The Heavenly Garden (IV) 85

9 86

87

88 2 20 1700 3 40 2664 2691.9 3000

89 60 10 4 4000 1200 16 1200 1702 300 300

90

91 35 2603

82 92

93 13 20 40 10 1 1100 - - - -

Expert interview A Mirror of the Nature Reserve An Interview with Shen Xiaohui 18 2007 2531 1.5788 303 9365.6 94

95 GDP 13 GDP

96 NGO, 20

16.00 82-253 ISSN 1009-1661 CN11-4408/Q 3