OEMODM PIDA 2004 40% VS. 639.6 VS. Gary Gereffi Global Commodity Chains Global Value Chains being becoming GVCs codify TFT-LCD 2
PC 2002 1 1 Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display 2 TFT-LCD DisplaySearch 2006/5/29 (10 ) 46.2% 43.8% (LCD) (Samsung Electronics) (LG Philips LCDLPL) 20%17.6% (AU OptronicsAUO) (Quanta Display Inc.QDI) 21.4% 2006/5/25 2006 2003 2004 2003 2003 PIDA 2004 40% VS. 639.6 VS. 1 2006 2 1. TFT-LCD 2. 3. 2006 4. 3
1.2004 5,65 (40%) 4,576.2 639.6 2004 145 2. 1. 1 ( ) 3 4
2003 1 [ITO ] [ ] [PCB] IC + + 4 2. TFT-LCD 1970 16k64k256k1M4M16M256M Intel 6 IC Display 4 http://www.display.org.tw/default.asp 5 TFT-LCD 6 P.98 1999 5
IC 7 3 2004 8 5.5 9 2005 TFT-LCD 10 8%-10% TFT-LCD TFT ( ) TFT-LCD 11 1993~1997 DRAM TFT TFT 7 2003 (15-17 ) 2003 (32 ) 2004 TFT-LCD 3.5 2004 11 24 13 8 2004 9 15 13 9 2004 9 29 13 10 2005 10 13 11 6
TFT 3 TFT 4.5 (mm) 730X920 1100X1250 1100X1300 1500X1800 1870X2200 17 W 6(79%) 12(77%) 12(74%) 24(76%) 36(77%) 22 W 3(65%) 6(64%) 8(81%) 12(63%) 24(85%) 26 W 2(60%) 6(88%) 6(84%) 12(87%) 18(86%) 30 W 2(79%) 3(58%) 4(74%) 8(77%) 12(77%) 32 W 1(43%) 2(42%) 3(61%) 8(84%) 12(86%) 37 W 1(59%) 2(58%) 2(56%) 6(86%) 8(78%) 40 W 0 2(68%) 2(65%) 4(66%) 8(79%) 42 W 0 2(75%) 2(72%) 3(56%) 6(75%) 46 W 0 2(89%) 2(86%) 3(66%) 6(90%) 54 W 0 1(61%) 1(59%) 2(21%) 3(61%) % PIDA2003 Global Commodity Chains GCCs Gereffi1994 7
4. Gereffi producer-driven buyer-driven OEM end product Global Value Chains GVCs Kaplinsky 2000 Kaplinsky 2001GCCsGVCs GVCs commodity Gereffi 2005 12 13 (Global Capitalism and Commodity ChainsLooking Back,Going ForwardCompetition & Change,Vol.9,No.2,June 2005 153-180 By Jennifer Bair) 8
Gereffi GVCs vertical disintegration ownership GVCs GVCs Value-added chain assembled, marketed, and distributed key issue keep in house outsourcing located GVCs 4 Theoretical foundation Object of inquiry Orienting concepts Global commodity chains World-systems theory Organizational sociology Inter-firm networks in global industries 1.Industry structure 2.Governance(PDCC/BDCC) 3.Organizational learning/ Industrial upgrading Global value chains Global commodity chains International business literature Sectoral logics of global industries 1.Value-added chains 2.Governance ( Hierarchy) 3.Transaction costs 4. Industrial upgrading and rent 9
1.International business / Intellectual influence 1.MNC literature 2.Comparative development lit. Industrial organization 2.Trade economics 3.Global/international Key texts dynamics Gereffi & Korzeniewicz (1994) Appelbaum & Gereffi (1994) Gereffi (1999) Bair & Gereffi (2001) production networks/systems Humphrey & Schmitz (2000) Sturgeon (2002) Gereffi et al. (2005) The development project The globalization project Global Capitalism and Commodity ChainsLooking Back, Going Forward Competition & Change,Vo1.9,No.2,June 2005 153-180 By Jennifer Bair GCCs 1976 TN-LCD 1997 2003 98 ADI 2004 TFT-LCD 10
1. NBDesktopLCD TV Panel LCD TV Panel 2005 Q1 LCD TV Panel 19% 35% CMO LCD TV Panel 52% 2 ASP 2006 11
3 2006 4 2006 12
5 2006 2. buyer-drivenproducer-driven ( ) 14 13
5 2004 Samsung LPL AUO CMO CPT 3080 2760 1870 1210 1060 22.2% 19.9% 13.5% 8.7% 7.7% 2005 35% 6 2004 PC NB IBM 52% 7 View-Sonic View-Sonic in house 9.7% 6 2004 LCD TV A H D 14
7 2004 LCD TV 8AUO & CMO 45.65% 49.53% 4.82% 54.35% 39.22% 60.78% P.472004 Panel 2004 80% View-Sonic LG LCD Monitor in house LCD TV 15
16 LCD TV 3. 15 being becoming 15 Dell HP
GVCs GCCs Gereffi 2005GVCs 1. 2. codify 3. GereffiHumphreySturgeon2005 integral product architectures time-sensitive coordinating Baldwin and Clark2000 GVCs Big Buyers GVCs ownership disintegration of production just in time codify 17
18.8 TFT-LCD Chisso TFT LCD TAC PAV Kurala CCFL Sanken LPL IC LG Taesan LCDWoyoung Stanley Denyo Sanken LCM LCD LCDTV JVC Dell GatewayViewsonic. 2006 TFT-LCD SamsungLG 16 AUOCMO 16 LG AUOCMO DellHP Sharp AUO CMO
19 NB GVCs NB LCD TV 1517 19 43 169 codify 2. codify codifying modularize codifying 17 (TFT-LCD) 2006
process specifications codify keep in house outsourcing 3. GVCs the first few tiers of suppliers hierarchy keep in houseoutsourcing GVCs internalize input LCD Samsung 22.2%LPL19.9%42.1%AUO13.5%CMO8.7% 22.2% 19 20 GVCs 18 LCD 19 18% 20 2006 AUOQDI 20
keep in houseoutsourcing SamsungLPL AUOCMO LGE LGE LGE 5 LGE LGE LCD LPL LGE LGE 5.5 32 DisplaySearch LGE LGE 2005-12-06/ /A11 / 21
TFT-LCD OLED TFT-LCD 2005 1,700 3,300 2006 01 16 32 5.5 SamsungLPL keep in house Outsourcing OLED 4. OBM LG DellHP 22
codify LCD TV 4046 4247 21 9 LCD TV codify 1011 9 1870mm *2200mm 10 SDI LPL Sharp AUO CMO 1870mm *2200mm 1950mm *2250mm 2160mm *2400mm 1950mm *2250mm 1950mm *2250mm 4.5 9 9 ( 4.5 ( 3 6 5 ) 12 ) 324046 324046 42 47 45 52 42 47 42 47 G7 G7 G7.5 G8 G7.5 G7.5 MIC 2005/11 21 32 37 CMO 5.5 Samsung 5 23
11 (AUO) (CMO) 5 2003Q1 5 2004Q2 6 2005Q1 7.5 2006Q4 5 2003Q3 5.5 2005Q1 7.5 2007Q3 (CPT) 6 2005Q2 (QDI) 5 2003Q2 6 2005Q3 (Hannstar) 5 2005Q2 (InnoLux) 5 2005Q2 (Sharp) (Samsung) (LPL) 6 2004Q1 8 2005.7. 2006.10. 5 2002Q3 5 2003Q4 7 2005Q2 7 2006Q1 5 2002Q2 5 2003Q1 6 2004Q4 7.5 2006Q2 MIC 2005/11 GVCs 22 22 24
25 GVCs codify intermediate goods being becoming GCCs 23 23 P.11~13. 2005 Gereffi hierarchy
26 codify 9 10 Fligstein status hierarchy territorial hierarchy episode Fligstein 1996:656 2005
27 2004 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2004 2002TFT-LCD 2004 12
2004 2001 2003 2004 TFT-LCD 2003TFT-LCD 2001 187-221 Gary Gereffi2001 119-141 (Alice H. Amsdem) 2003 2003-11 Amsden, Alice1985The State and Taiwan s economic development Cambridge University Press Burt,RonaldS.1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition.Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press. Castells, Manuel1992Four Asian Tigers With a Dragon HeadA Comparative Analysis of the State, Economy, and Society in the Asian Pacific Rimedited by Appelbaum R.P. and J. Henderson States and Development in the Asian Pacific Rim LondonSage 28
Castells, Manuel1996The Rise of the Network SocietyOxfordBlackwell Chung-Hsien Huang2002Route through/to Flexible AccumulationRetooling the Developmental State and Remaking of Amoebic Capitalism in Taiwan University of Wisconsin-Madison Chung-Hsien Huang2005Moving Along the Global Value ChainsMapping the Divergent Emergence Pathways from OEM in Taiwan.2005 Gary Gereffi1999International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chainjournal of International Economics 48 (1999) 37 70 Gary GereffiJohn HumphreyTimothy Sturgeon2005The governance of global value chainsreview of International Political Economy 121 February 200578-104 Herman M. Schwartz2000States versus Markets-The Emergence of a Global EconomyPovey-Edmondson Tavistock and Rochdale, England Jennifer Bair2005Global Capitalism and Commodity ChainsLooking Back, Going ForwardDepartment of Sociology, Yale University Saxenian, AnnaLee1994Regional AdvantageCulture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128.CambridgeHarvard University Press 2004 29
2005 2004 9 15 13 2004 9 29 13 2004 11 24 13 3.5 2005 10 20 13 2004 10 20 A3 2006 2 10 A11 2005 12 6 A11 2005 10 13 30