水準測量應用於廢棄煤礦之地盤下陷災害研究 - 以台北縣東運瓷土礦為例 Using Leveling Measurements to Investigate Mine Ground Subsidence: a case study of abandoned Tong-Yung mine area, Taipei County 1 2 C.S. Wei 1, C.M. Yen 2 2000~2010 2008~2010 關鍵字 : Coal mining may cause hazardous ground subsidence. It is very important to be able to identify the underground spatial relationship between the overburden and the adits / inclined shafts for mining excavation. We used the GIS spatial analysis and 3D-simulation to characterize the adits / inclined shafts and ground subsidence of Tong- Yung mine. An analysis of leveling measurement data obtained during 2009~2010 showed that the ground deformation and collapse occurred in the shallow overburden area. The subsidence troughs and trends of 4 measured lines are correlated with multiple ground subsidence as described by the 3D-simulation. This study provided a technique to determine the subsidence pattern and the potential ground subsidence of abandoned mines. Key words: Leveling measurement, Ground subsidence, Abandoned mines 壹 台灣的煤礦開採與環境現況問題 long-wall mining room-and-pillar * Paper presented at 2009 CIMME Annual Convention, October 23th, 2009, Taipei 1 Head of Department of Geology, Chinese Culture University 2 Assistant Professor, Taipei College of Maritime Technology 鑛冶 55/4-85-
/ 貳 地盤下陷量推估模式 m mm 10 ( 一 ) 經驗模式 (NCB-SEH Empirical methods) NCB SEH S M w h S / M = f ( w / h ) NCB E S h E = f ( S / h ) 1 NCB 1/2 S max 2 - - w Wc = 2*h*tan NCB <15 Brady and Brown, 2004-86- 一 年十二月
1 NCB NCB,1965 2 ( ) NCB,1975 ( 二 ) 剖面函數 (Profile function methods) curve fitting 3 S x S B c S(x) = S f ( B, x, c ) 鑛冶 55/4-87-
3 Whittaker,1987 Hood, 1983 W h M ( 三 ) 影響函數 (Influence function methods) infinite element A1, A2 P 4 ƒ ( x 0, y 0, z 0, x, y, z ) complementary function Brady, 2004 Peng 1992 Lin et al. 1992 30 NCB S = A ƒ ( x 0, y 0, z 0, x, y, z ) dxdy 4 P A1 A2 A3 Lin et al.,1992-88- 一 年十二月
( 四 ) 多下陷槽模式 - 綜合性之分析模式 Alejano 1999 Midlands FLAC2D NCB Alejano 30 75 Torano et al. 2000a, 2000b multiple subsidence troughs superposition 5 asymmetrical trough z(x) D 1 e ( x x 01 ) 2 B D 2 e ( x x 02 ) 2 B 2 D 3 e ( x x 03 B 5 Torano et al. 2000a,2000b multiple subsidence troughs ) 2 ( 五 )GIS-3D 空間分析結合數學模式 Esaki 2003,2004 Djamaluddin 2005 GIS 6 3D tabular ore body Esaki Stochastic model Cx, Cy Cx, Cy Ct knothe time function a GIS-3D WP (x,y,t) 鑛冶 55/4-89-
6 GIS-3D Djamaluddin 2005 測線 A 岩層走向位態 測線 B 測線 C 參考不動點 BM01 測線 D 坑道分布圖層 參考不動點 BM02 7-90- 一 年十二月
參 水準測量結果 A, B, C, D 7 TWD67 302.134 BM1 55.2246 32 ( 18 ) LeicaSprinter 150M 10mm K 98 5 99 6 5 1 GIS 93 96 (10mm ) 8 kriging C D 8 9 trend surface 10 13 98 6 99 6 A~D A4 A5 C2 C3 D3 3 B2 B3 3 肆 結論 10 90% GIS 2009/5~2010/6 2004 2007 A4 A5 C2 C3 D3 3 B2 B3 3 2 3 5 鑛冶 55/4-91-
1 ( ( ) ) -92- 一 年十二月
5 測點位置 8 鑛冶 55/4-93-
測點位置 測點位置 9 A~D -94- 一 年十二月
沉陷量 (m) 0.005 0-0.005-0.01-0.015-0.02-0.025-0.03-0.035 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A8 A9 A10 測點名稱 10 A 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.11 99.6 0.01 沉陷量 (m) 0-0.01-0.02-0.03-0.04 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 測點名稱 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.11 99.6 11 B 0.01 沉陷量 (m) 0-0.01-0.02-0.03-0.04 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 測點名稱 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.11 99.6 12 C 沉陷量 (m) 0-0.005-0.01-0.015-0.02-0.025-0.03-0.035 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 測點名稱 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.11 99.6 13 D 鑛冶 55/4-95-
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