Working Paper Series No.35 2003 8 1
1978 2001 4.7% 133.6 2366.4 7.3% 30.7% 2%23 2 1985 1986 2
2002 1 1 1986 4 12 1993 10 31 1995 3 18 1985 1990 1995 1993 20 5% 1 9 1 3
8 5 8 2002 2000 85% 2001 2573 90% 1986 2001 96.4% 99.1% 3 870 69.5% 95.5% 26 886 40.6% 52.9% 8.3 675 2 2 1978-2001 % % % 1978 1692.6 40.9 2287.9 87.7 12131.3 95.5 1980 964.7 45.9 2053.3 75.9 12219.6 93.9 1985 998.3 41.7 1999.9 68.4 10362.3 96.0 1986 1057 40.6 2016.1 69.5 10067.5 96.4 1990 1109.1 40.6 1863.1 74.6 9740.7 97.8 1995 1244.3 48.3 1961.5 90.8 12375.4 98.5 2000 1633.5 51.1 2419.2 94.9 12445.3 99.1 2001 1731.5 52.9 2396.9 95.5 10673.5 99.1 2002 3 10 1982 1990 7255 1990 2000 9261 1990 2000 1990 2000 10 14037 12074 1982 2000 15 37.74% 11.55% 25 2 3 1982 2000 10 1982 1990 2000 1982 1990 2000 1982 1990 2000 10 35396 37057 35701 26582 23546 40926 42558 17750 23344 33961 30344 35342 20797 33202 6627 8039 11146 18077 21083 4357 5302 601 1422 3611 4859 8769 164 484 15 % 33.14 22.21 9.08 17.63 11.97 5.22 37.74 26.23 11.55 1982 (1986) 1990 (1993) 2000 (2002) 4
1980 1990 2000 2001 522 2001 99.1% 1 4 114 13 101 2001 0.27% 3% 1% 4 1994 2001 (%) 1994 2001 1994 2001 11949.6 10673.5 98.4 99.1 3474.7 3370.5 98.9 99.6 8474.9 7303.0 97.7 98.8 1994 2001 1995 3% 2001 3.12% 200 3% 5 2002 2002 195 48.5% 32.8% 9.6% 6.6% 2.5% 5 2001 96% 3 20 92% 85% 8 2 5
5 2001 % 96.8 98.3 97.3 94.4 98.3 98.7 98.3 97.4 96.0 97.9 96.9 93.1 % 27.4 32.5 27.3 21.2 40.9 44.4 41.4 34.2 20.3 24.2 20.7 15.6 % 88.8 91.0 88.5 86.0 92.3 93.3 92.4 90.5 84.7 87.4 84.7 81.4 % 17.0 19.9 15.6 13.0 23.5 26.2 23.4 19.0 9.4 10.5 10.1 6.9 2001 2001 70.5 6.6% 58 9.6% 82.3% 20% 10% 6 1996 2001 2001 3 2 6
6 1996 2001 1996 23.7 21.4 24.9 16.6 15.3 18.0 1997 24.2 21.9 25.4 16.8 15.3 18.4 1998 24.0 21.8 22.9 17.0 15.6 18.7 1999 23.1 21.2 24.2 17.6 16.2 19.4 2000 22.2 20.7 23.1 18.4 17.0 20.1 2001 21.6 19.7 22.7 18.7 17.9 19.9 1996 2002 60% 2001 68.6% 48.5%, 61.8% 7 1996 2001 2262 4260 1 GDP 3.33% 4.83% 1996 2001 3 1.6 1996 2001 16.3% 27.8% 11.5 6 7 1996-2001 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 368 436 598 765 983 1184 16.3 17.2 20.3 22.8 25.5 27.8 994 1105 1239 1379 1540 1608 43.9 43.7 42.0 41.2 40.0 37.8 802 878 968 1050 1145 1259 35.4 34.7 32.8 31.3 29.7 29.6 98 113 143 156 181 208 4.3 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.9 2262 2532 2949 3349 3849 4260 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1277 1388 1429 1546 1695 1857 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 734 785 812 862 920 1092 57.5 56.6 56.8 55.8 54.3 58.8 543 603 617 684 775 765 42.5 43.4 43.2 44.2 45.7 41.2 1 2 1997-2002, 7
2001 1695 58.8% 62% 8 1996 466.4 1.6 2001 971.5 1.7 1996 1267.1 1.5 2001 1708.4 1.7 8 1996 2001 1996 2001 / / 550.0 466.4 741.9 1.6 971.5 797.6 1351.3 1.7 1037.9 863.0 1267.1 1.5 1371.2 1013.7 1708.4 1.7 310.1 253.5 440.2 1.7 658.4 558.4 877.1 1.6 568.5 447.0 727.7 1.6 838.8 666.7 1001.0 1.5 1997-2002, 2001 3604 472 8.9 4047 604 6.7 1994 1993 2001 958 8583 36.8% 3391 7803 12.6% 1/5 1/2 9 8
9 1978-2001 ( ) (%) 1978 1132 176 956 15.5 84.5 1980 1160 284 875 24.5 75.5 1985 2005 770 1235 38.4 61.6 1986 2122 778 1344 36.7 63.3 1990 2937 992 1945 33.8 66.2 1993 4349 958 3391 22.0 78.0 1994 5218 2907 2312 55.7 44.3 1995 6242 3257 2986 52.2 47.8 1998 9876 4892 4984 49.5 50.5 1999 11444 5849 5595 51.1 48.9 2000 13395 6889 6506 52.2 47.8 2001 16386 8583 7803 52.4 47.6 2001 75% 100% 1994 6 1.5 34.2% 1994 1524 2000 4936 2.2 30% 15% 5% 10% 2002 1990-2000 13.7 5.5 40.58% 4.7 34.33% 0.9 6.25% 150.5 0.1% 40% 10 2002 9
10 1990-2000 2000 2000 40.58 58.9 58 34.33 13.2 9.2 6.25 45.7 48.3 0.1 11.6 11.6 17.4 20.8 14.5 12.6 87.48 70.5 88 2002 50% 75% 65% 1980 1985 1.53 1 2001 2.12 1 11 2001 13.0% 11.06% 1985 2001 5 7 10
11 1985-2001 % 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 52.25 54.25 49.92 39.18 37.94 14.56 13.36 13.55 10.01 10.05 8.6 10.14 8.39 8.79 8.27 2.48 2.01 3.11 6.36 6.47 2.14 1.20 4.83 7.9 8.61 8.17 11.12 8.84 12.56 13.0 4.79 6.98 7.07 10.01 10.32 7.01 0.94 4.28 5.17 5.35 57.79 58.80 58.62 49.13 47.71 9.69 7.77 6.85 5.75 5.67 18.23 17.34 13.91 15.47 16.03 5.10 5.29 5.23 4.52 4.42 2.42 3.25 3.24 5.24 5.55 1.76 1.44 2.58 5.58 6.32 3.89 5.37 7.81 11.18 11.06 1.12 0.74 1.76 3.14 3.24 2002 2001 6 Hossain 1996 12 1993 18.0%14.4% 11.3% 11.3% Psacharopoulos and Patrinos (2002) Global Joint Task Force, 2000 11
12 % 1930 14.4 12.9 11.3 18 13.4 15.2 (9,266 ) 22,530 13.4 10.3 9.5 25.6 12.2 12.4 (755 ) 363 21.3 15.7 11.2 25.8 19.9 26 (755-9,265 2,996 18.8 12.9 11.3 27.4 18 19.3 ) 7,669 18.9 13.1 10.8 26.6 17 19 GDP 1993 : Shaikh I. Hossain, 1996. Making an Equitable and Efficient Education: The Chinese Experience, China: Social Sector Expenditure Review, World Bank. George Psacharopoulos and Harry Anthony Patrinos, 2002. Returns to Investment in Education: A Further Update, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2881, September 2002. 19 85%-90% 13 13 1993 ( ) 7.9 47.7 44.3 0.8 0.9 98.3 3.5 63.9 32.6 2.5 7.7 89.8 3.5 76.9 19.6 2.8 72.9 24.2 24.1 75.9 25 75.1 5.6 94.5 7.5 92.5 4.4 95.6 31.6 11.3 57.1 34.8 11.3 53.9 75.7 11.3 13 74.4 12.7 13 100 100 100 100 2001 5 12
60% 90% 1. 2001: 5 2. 2002: 3. 2000: http://www.ccrs.org.cn/. 4.2002: 2002: 5. 2002 6. 1997-2002, 7. 1994 2001 8. 1996 2002 1982 (1986) 1990 (1993) 2000 (2002) 9.Global Joint Task Force, 2000. Higher Education in Developing Countries: Peril and Promise, World Bank 10.George Psacharopoulos and Harry Anthony Patrinos, 2002. Returns to Investment in Education: A Further Update, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2881, September 2002. 11.Shaikh I. Hossain, 1996. Making an Equitable and Efficient Education: The Chinese Experience, China: Social Sector Expenditure Review, World Bank. 13