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2001.3~2003.4 1

ABSTRACT Key words: WTO Accession, Sino-US Trade Relations, Foreign Trade Strategies 4

...9... 16... 16... 21... 25... 29... 32... 37... 37... 42... 45... 49... 53... 53... 61... 67... 73... 80... 80... 87... 91 7

... 96... 102... 102... 108...117... 124... 129... 129... 134... 141... 141... 146... 153 2001... 161... 179 8

33 2002 2

2000 9 25 34

35 2001 9

43 1999 44

50 App. United States Code, 2402 (1995). 47

The World Almanac and Book of Facts: 2001 (World Almanac Books, 2001), 220 International World Statistics 2001, Http\\:www.wto.org, 22 50

20 2000 12 Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1998 International World Statistics 2001, Http\\:www.wto.org, 23 WTO International World Statistics 2001, Http\\:www.wto.org. 51

1979-1989* 41 304 1990 4.56 34.87 1991 5.48 43.66 1993 20.69 277.71 Remarks by the US President Clinton in an Address on China and the National interest, USIS, Foreign Policy Background, 97-025A, October 30, 1997 58

60 2001

* 1999 61.49 42 19.49 360.63 194.93 165.70 2000 74.53 52.16 22.37 474.29 249.20 225.09 2001 80.58 54.36 26.22 509.65 266.10 243.55 * 1999 100.9 13.12 87.78 1752 692.78 1059.22 2000123.86 16.25 107.61 2038.41 780.33 1258.08 2001128.61 19.23 109.38 1911.08 731.01 1180.07 61

4-2-1 1999-2001 5.76% 6.08%6.73% 3% 64

FDI FDI 1994 3,394,584 249,082 7.3% 1995 3,780,569 11.4% 308,373 23.8% 8.2% 1996 4,213,516 11.5% 344,417 11.7% 8.2% 1997 4,525,704 7.4% 323,915-6.0% 7.2% 1998 4,546,275 0.5% 389,844 20.4% 8.6% 1999 4,031,871-11.3% 421,586 8.1% 10.5% 2000 4,071,481 1.0% 438,389 4.0% 10.8% 65

14.1% 52.7% 25.6% 13% 96.2% 36.8% 34.8% 20.7% 9% 8.2% 2.2% 70

10 3.71 14.1% 2.18 8.3% 21.26 81.1% 3.42 13.0% 13.82 52.7% 2.86 10.9% 6.7 25.6% 2.15 8.2% 2.68 10.2% 10 1.24 2.3% 52.32 96.2% 1.84 3.4% 5.03 9.3% 19.98 36.8% 2.06 3.8% 11.26 20.7% 4.47 8.2% 1.22 2.2% 4.91 9.0% 18.94 34.8% 71

73 2001

1997 1997 4 25 1993 6 12 74

New Realism Wins the Day as Senate Passes Trade Bill, the New York Times, September 20, 2000,A20. 76

1998 682.5 944.39 261.89 / 1999 692.78 1059.22 366.44 39.9% 2000 780.33 1258.08 477.75 30.4% 2001 731.01 1180.07 449.06-6.0% 80

1999 13.12 87.78 74.66 20.4% 2000 16.25 107.61 91.36 19.1% 2001 19.23 109.38 90.15 20.1% 2001 900 281 2002 11 81

1999 42 19.49 22.51 2000 52.16 22.37 29.79 2001 54.36 26.22 28.14 82

83 1996 12 5 10% 1992 1993 10 1973

1996 9 22 9.99 2 2 35 65 1 2 90 1990 1996 621 1511 16% 254.2 843.3 22.1% 41% 55.8% 70% 80 1987 1995 340 78 28 338 84

1979 P V V 1994 3 WTO International Trade Statistics 85

90 86

99 1998 4 29

100

101

102

2001 12 2002 103

104

105

106

107

WTO International Trade Statistics 2002, www.wto.org 108

109

110

111

112

113

WTO 11 114

115 2001 7

116

WTO International Trade Statistics,2002, www.wto.org 117

International Trade Statistics,2002, www.wto.org. International Trade Statistics,2002, www.wto.org. 118

119

120

121

122

50 TCK 3 123

1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 783,200 1,190,600 1,379,400 1,465,100 1,458,200 * 814,800 1,194,400 1,367,200 1,457,000 1,443,600 132,880 198,610 249,970 272,110 263,380 97,950 129,310 173,570 201,060 187,700 5,748 18,430 26,165 30,146 32,903 4,113 24,635 30,967 35,858 39,031 124

24% 1990 8.54% 1995 15.5% 2001 14.1% 125

1986 / 32,617 224,373 14.54% 1987-19.43% 26,280 231,353 11.36% 1988-10.21% 23,596 319,368 7.39% 1989 20.47% 28,427 339,257 8.38% 1990 60.41% 45,599 348,711 13.08% 1991-29.12% 32,320 436,634 7.40% 1992 58.12% 51,105 1,100,751 4.64% 1993 303.70% 206,312 2,751,495 7.50% www.moftec.gov.cn. 2002 126

127

128

American Textile Manufacturers Institute, China s Entry Into WTO Would Cost 154,500 US jobs and Billions of Dollars in Lost US textile and Apparel Sales, September 23,1999, Washington, D.C.. 129

US International Trade Commission, Assessment of the Economic Effects on the United States of China s Accession to the WTO, Investigation No. 332-403, Publication 3228,August 1999,Washington D. C.. Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, China s WTO Accession Would Boost 130

US Ag Exports & Farm Income, Agriculture Outlook, March 2000, pp 11-16. US International Trade Commission, Assessment of the Economic Effects on the United States of China s Accession to the WTO, Investigation No. 332-403, Publication 3228,August 1999,Washington D. C.. 131

132

133

134

Fan Zhai and Shantong Li, China s Wto Accession and Implications for National and Provincial Economies, Paper presented at the International Conference China in the 21 st Century: Challenges of Global and National Economic Integration organized jointly by CASS and OECD Development Centre October 12-13, 1999, Kunming China. 135

136

137

138

139

140

< > 141

23 10 1978-1989 1989-2000 1991-1996 1996-2000 9.11 9.11 www.crf.org.cn/newsletter,2002 142

4 5 2 73% 143

1 WTO WTO 18 WTO 8 9 10 144

WTO 3 2002 8 145

90 50% 8-2-1 1996-2000 146

147 ACER 8-2-2

148 3000 2002 2001 901 20% 1999 2003 3

20 60 2000 407.1 43.8 10.8% 1999 1547.94 1547.94% 50% Business Weekly, April 1-7,2003, 12-13. www.moftec.gov.cn. 149

150 WTO " " " " " " 200

151 1 2 3

152 10 1 2 3 4 5

153 1 2 3 1

2 3 20 90 154

2001 11 12 1 1993 1994 2 3 1988 301 155

156 4 1 2 WTO

157 1/5 3%

1 10+1 1999 10+1 10 2005 10-2 2001 2002 1 25 3 158

WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO 2001 18.3%t 11.9% WTO 2002 22,342,383 15.72% WTO 555 23 WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO WTO International Trade Statistics 2002. WTO Annual Report 2002. 159

WTO WTO 160

2001 02032200 02062900 02064900 02071411 02071429 02072700 03033200 03074900 04041000 05040011 05040029 08051000 08061000 08081000 10011000 10019090 12010091 12010099 21061000 21069090 13,900,084 20 16.8 12 8 40.0% 16,614,068 20 16.8 12 8 40.0% 21,959,381 20 16.8 12 8 40.0% 78,153,101 1.2 /kg /2 / / / 248,825,177 1.0 /kg / / / / 16,040,963 20 16 10 10 50.0% 20,437,559 18 16 12 6 33.3% 23,785,304 22 18.5 12 10 45.5% 20,003,621 6 6 6 0 0.0% 11,990,334 20 20 20 0 0.0% 18,157,275 20/ / / / 16,665,594 35 28.4 11 24 68.6% 14,197,718 40 29.2 13 27 67.5% 11,251,904 30 22 10 20 66.7% 3 28,266,851 1 1 1 0 0.0% 3 13,614,651 1 1 1 0 0.0% 3 1,158,257,075 3 3 3 0 0.0% 3 37,689,724 3 3 3 0 0.0% 13,364,799 38 31 10 28 73.7% 51,451,399 35 30 20 15 42.9% 161

23011010 23012010 23099010 25070000 26080000 27100033 27100039 27100054 27111390 28049010 28352600 28439000 29025000 29031300 29031500 29051300 29053100 29053200 29072300 29102000 29152400 29224110 29261000 29269090 29291010 29291030 20,523,753 2 2 2 0 0.0% 56,236,413 3/ / / / 28,663,403 5 5 5 0 0.0% 22,405,803 3 3 3 0 0.0% 14,949,226 0 0 0 0 0.0% 5 7 15,192,886 6 6 6 0 0.0% 16,027,778 6 6 6 0 0.0% 18,055,636 9 6 6 3 33.3% 21,243,083 6 5 5 1 16.7% 36,047,391 4 4 4 0 0.0% 13,611,877 9 7 5.5 3.5 38.9% 13,575,435 7 5.5 5.5 1.5 21.4% 20,590,380 8 6.6 2 6 75.0% 29,928,087 16 12 10 6 37.5% 1 2-46,500,071 10 7 5.5 4.5 45.0% 22,698,394 8 5.5 5.5 2.5 31.3% 1 2-19,693,028 12 10.5 5.5 6.5 54.2% 28,638,187 8 5.5 5.5 2.5 31.3% 4 4-11,701,787 9 7 5.5 3.5 38.9% 14,552,278 10 7 5.5 4.5 45.0% 12,084,512 9 7 5.5 3.5 38.9% 23,793,483 7 5 5 2 28.6% 56,591,690 10 6.5 6.5 3.5 35.0% 45,867,577 9 6.5 6.5 2.5 27.8% 2 4-2 6- TDI 52,891,287 10 6.5 6.5 3.5 35.0% 19,906,416 10 6.5 6.5 3.5 35.0% 162

29309090 29310000 29333990 30042090 30049090 31053000 32061110 32064900 32091000 32100000 32151900 33049900 34021300 34049000 35030010 35040090 37024100 37024221 38083019 38112100 38123090 38151900 17,516,794 9 6.5 6.5 2.5 27.8% - 15,577,048 9 6.5 6.5 2.5 27.8% 17,629,029 8 6.5 6.5 1.5 18.8% 17,767,998 14 10 6 8 57.1% 29,266,433 9 5.7 4 5 55.6% 495,219,549 5 4 4 1 20.0% 32,385,023 12 10.3 6.5 5.5 45.8% 21,618,930 7 6.5 6.5 0.5 7.1% 11,013,265 15 11.7 10 5 33.3% 10,941,034 15 11.7 10 5 33.3% 10,263,054 15 11.6 6.5 8.5 56.7% 12,925,692 33 28.7 6.5 26.5 80.3% 16,503,874 10 6.5 6.5 3.5 35.0% 10,422,871 15 11.7 10 5 33.3% 17,669,311 16 15.6 12 4 25.0% 13,377,771 8 8 8 0 0.0% >610mm, 72 / >200m 16,041,502 21.4 16/ / >610mm, 49 / >200m 15,439,700 14 10/ / 18,196,911 5 5 5 0 0.0% 26,681,394 10 6.5 6.5 3.5 35.0% 11,846,171 8 6.5 6.5 1.5 18.8% 34,172,314 10 6.5 6.5 3.5 35.0% 163

38159000 38180019 38180090 38220010 38220090 38249090 39011000 39012000 39013000 39019090 39021000 39033000 39041000 39042100 39045000 39069000 39072000 39073000 39074000 39079900 39081090 19,665,009 10 6.5 6.5 3.5 35.0% >15.24cm 49,519,043 6 2 0 6 100.0% 38,202,237 8 3.3 0 8 100.0% 10,226,185 10 6.7 4 6 60.0% 36,774,996 10 6.7 5 5 50.0% 113,538,474 12 8.3 6.5 5.5 45.8% 0.94 68,350,250 16 15.4 6.5 9.5 59.4% 0.94 39,684,537 16 15.4 6.5 9.5 59.4% - 21,866,831 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% 17,803,407 16 14.2 8.4 7.6 47.5% 119,771,503 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% - - 10,388,816 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% 69,128,855 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% 68,601,670 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% 15,080,699 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% 20,608,444 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% 45,129,796 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% 27,094,742 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% 107,538,068 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% 15,164,515 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% -6-11 -12-6 6 13,157,721 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% 164

39089000 39100000 39129000 39151000 39159000 39199090 39206200 39209100 39219010 39219090 39269090 40023910 40027010 40029911 40169990 41012100 41042210 41042900 44039990 44041000 44079990 47020000 47031100 10,454,557 16 12 10 6 37.5% 20,256,354 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% 11,880,281 14 10.3 6.5 7.5 53.6% 15,671,476 15 13.9 10.6 4.4 29.3% 72,904,883 16 13.9 10.6 5.4 33.8% 39,241,918 15 12.2 6.5 8.5 56.7% 20,918,415 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% 10,860,121 16 12.2 6.5 9.5 59.4% 19,170,064 8 6.5 6.5 1.5 18.8% 14,368,349 14 10.3 6.5 7.5 53.6% 38,734,350 20 16 10 10 50.0% 16,793,464 7.5 7.5 7.5 0 0.0% 11,459,308 7.5 7.5 7.5 0 0.0% 12,496,337 7.5 7.5 7.5 0 0.0% 11,760,580 18 14 10 8 44.4% 14 394,103,534 5 5 5 0 0.0% 41,129,776 7 6 6 1 14.3% 13,361,014 9 5 5 4 44.4% 14,685,934 0 1 1 / / 10,130,352 8 8 8 0 0.0% >6mm 88,649,275 0 2 2 / / 49,391,900 0 0 0 0 0 16,953,331 0 0 0 0 0 165

47032100 47032900 47071000 47072000 47073000 47079000 48043100 48044100 48045100 48101200 48102900 48103200 48113990 48119000 48191000 48192000 52010000 54024920 55020010 82,880,199 0 0 0 0 0 16,927,311 0 0 0 0 0 158,925,032 0 0 0 0 0 24,501,520 0 1 1-1 0.0% 211,671,810 0 1 1-1 0.0% 38,324,430 0 1 1-1 0.0% 150g 22,481,674 14 9.8 2 12 85.7% 150g 250g 55,727,969 14 9.8 2 12 85.7% 46,833,411 14 9.8 2 12 85.7% >150g 95,798,937 15 11 5 10 66.7% 10,608,002 15 11 5 10 66.7% >150g 12,356,713 15 11 5 10 66.7% 24,336,962 15 11.3 7.5 7.5 50.0% 12,699,186 15 11.3 7.5 7.5 50.0% 11,773,542 22 18.3 5 17 77.3% 32,086,204 25 18.3 5 20 80.0% 3 40,660,617 3 1 1 2 66.7% 50 / 20,461,273 17 14.6 5 12 70.6% 114,520,481 10 9 3 7 70.0% 166

56031210 64069900 70023110 71023900 72044900 72045000 73089000 73181500 73201090 73269090 74031100 74040000 76020000 76061230 84014090 84029000 84049090 84069000 84089093 84099991 84111210 84111290 25g 70g 11,974,037 21 21 12.4 8.6 41.0% 56,440,432 24 21 15 9 37.5% 11,027,845 6 5 5 1 16.7% 32,736,395 8 8.4 8.4-0.4 0.0% 243,871,410 3 0 0 3 100.0% 26,537,536 3 0 0 3 100.0% 18,811,897 15 10.4 4 11 73.3% 19,174,557 10 8 8 2 20.0% 21,929,428 12 10 10 2 16.7% 10,848,534 20 15.2 8 12 60.0% 12,397,699 2 2 2 0 0.0% 301,169,853 2 1.5 1.5 0.5 25.0% 81,321,314 6 3 1.5 4.5 75.0% 0.28mm 0.35mm 64,744,931 12 8 6 6 50.0% 18,407,162 1/ / / / 26,879,757 3 2 2 1 33.3% 84041010 84042000 42,972,866 10 7 7 3 30.0% 44,283,959 3 2 2 1 33.3% 132.39kw 30,793,986 8 5 5 3 37.5% P 132.39kw 180hp 31,624,268 3 2 2 1 33.3% >25kN 34,119,837 3 1 1 2 66.7% >25kN 11,120,321 3 1 1 2 66.7% 167

84119100 84121010 84138100 84139100 84143013 84143014 84143019 84148090 84149010 84149090 84178090 84186110 84186190 84186910 84189910 84193990 84195000 84198990 84211990 84212190 55,334,416 2 1 1 1 50.0% 12,095,546 3 3 3 0 0.0% 17,786,343 14 10 8 6 42.9% 17,735,931 6 5 5 1 16.7% >0.4 5kw 45,387,612 19 19 10 9 47.4% >5kw 29,757,627 19 19 10 9 47.4% 16,583,585 16 16 10 6 37.5% 58,255,380 16 12.4 7 9 56.3% 84143011 84143014 84143090 21,837,805 12 8 8 4 33.3% 8414 18,434,260 12 8.7 7 5 41.7% 15,389,405 16 12 10 6 37.5% 116,775,390 25 19 10 15 60.0% 71,116,706 35 26.7 14.2 20.8 59.4% 16,914,344 25 21 15 10 40.0% 28,216,028 15 11.7 10 5 33.3% 14,604,951 14 10.7 9 5 35.7% 26,155,263 16 12 10 6 37.5% 38,581,797 16 9.6 0 16 100.0% 15,287,673 16 8 0 16 100.0% 20,464,712 18 12.8 5 13 72.2% 168

84212990 84213990 84219990 84248999 84283990 84289000 84303100 84305090 84313900 84314310 84314990 84335990 84388000 84391000 84435990 84552110 84552210 84561000 84569100 84569990 84571010 24,396,439 18 12.8 5 13 72.2% 112,215,487 18 12.8 5 13 72.2% 8421 22,794,076 10 6.7 5 5 50.0% 19,788,467 12 6 0 12 100.0% 16,758,089 15 11 5 10 66.7% 15,960,685 14 10.4 5 9 64.3% 12,571,075 16 12 10 6 37.5% 10,473,400 15 11 5 10 66.7% 8428 19,765,485 7 5 5 2 28.6% 31,396,493 5 4 4 1 20.0% 8426 8429 8430 30,347,068 7 5 5 2 28.6% 16,540,603 12 10 8 4 33.3% 10,011,281 12 8.5 8.5 3.5 29.2% 14,709,931 12 8.4 8.4 3.6 30.0% 12,608,206 18 13 8 10 55.6% 25,675,785 18 15 15 3 16.7% 24,634,728 18 14 10 8 44.4% 12,025,795 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 39,894,702 18 10.8 0 18 100.0% 11,386,588 18 10.8 0 18 100.0% 10,685,599 9.7 9.7 9.7 0 0.0% 169

84581100 84642010 84669300 84711000 84714120 84714140 84714190 84714910 84714920 84714940 84714991 84714999 84715020 84716033 84716050 84716090 84717010 84717020 84717030 84717090 84718000 84719000 84733010 16,238,862 9.7 9.7 9.7 0 0.0% 14,501,629 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 8456 8461 10,171,490 7 2.3 0 7 100.0% 18,544,081 6 3 0 6 100.0% 184,860,454 9 3 0 9 100.0% 16,777,160 15 9 0 15 100.0% 80,570,736 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 46,400,393 9 5.4 0 9 100.0% 460,980,831 9 3 0 9 100.0% 23,507,075 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 44,907,061 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 204,372,953 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 19,817,573 9 3 0 9 100.0% 21,114,104 9 3 0 9 100.0% 20,407,168 9 3 0 9 100.0% 19,026,301 9 3 0 9 100.0% 74,912,579 9 3 0 9 100.0% 14,016,629 9 3 0 9 100.0% 50,070,598 9 3 0 9 100.0% 152,778,881 9 3 0 9 100.0% 25,675,757 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 12,740,414 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 135,486,917 9 0 0 9 100.0% 170

84733029 84733090 84734090 84735000 84741000 84742090 84752100 84771010 84778000 84798190 84798200 84798961 84798962 84798990 84799090 84807100 84818011 84818019 84819010 84834090 84841000 84842000 45,676,038 9 3 0 9 100.0% 8471 424,546,923 9 3 0 9 100.0% 8472 11,623,208 12 10.5 10.5 1.5 12.5% 8469-8472 24,766,891 9 6 0 9 100.0% 11,829,668 14 10.4 5 9 64.3% 11,345,419 16 11.6 5 11 68.8% 14,829,264 14 10 10 4 28.6% 11,099,684 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 14,572,260 15 11 5 10 66.7% 12,119,333 14 11 9.5 4.5 32.1% 23,346,929 14 7 7 7 50.0% 17,255,006 18 10 0 18 100.0% 25,896,675 18 10 0 18 100.0% 316,119,538 18 10 0 18 100.0% 8479 47,504,306 8 2.7 0 8 100.0% 16,838,820 12 6 0 12 100.0% 23,013,051 12 10.5 7 5 41.7% 71,709,994 14 10.5 7 7 50.0% 11,828,370 8 8 8 0 0.0% 22,373,882 10 8 8 2 20.0% 11,218,005 10 8 8 2 20.0% 12,976,767 10 8 8 2 20.0% 171

85021310 85023900 85030090 85044019 85044090 85049020 85049090 85061000 85141090 85143000 85153190 85158000 85175021 85175022 85175029 85175032 85175033 85175035 85175036 85175039 85175090 85178000 85179010 375KVA P 2MVA 33,051,165 15 11.7 10 5 33.3% 26,150,099 16 12 10 6 37.5% 8501 8502 24,755,368 9 8 8 1 11.1% 10,454,555 13 7.5 0 13 100.0% 28,726,334 15 11.7 10 5 33.3% 17,020,599 10 8 8 2 20.0% 8504 15,099,726 10 8 8 2 20.0% 18,165,555 20 20 20 0 0.0% 13,559,043 18 10.8 0 18 100.0% 14,656,405 18 10.8 0 18 100.0% 17,989,262 16 12 10 6 37.5% 19,787,244 16 12 8 8 50.0% 38,108,545 12 6 0 12 100.0% 32,180,391 15 6 0 15 100.0% 96,907,514 15 6 0 15 100.0% 323,656,341 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% IP 36,260,863 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 457,423,112 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 36,178,691 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 172,695,006 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 124,366,850 15 6 0 15 100.0% 10,423,849 18 10.8 0 18 100.0% 220,821,335 8 2.7 0 8 100.0% 172

85179020 85179090 85182200 85243920 85249120 85249920 85251010 85252019 85252092 85252093 85252099 85279090 85291010 85291090 85299020 85299050 85299090 85322110 85322410 85340010 85340090 85365000 88,687,587 8 2.7 0 8 100.0% 8517 192,638,217 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 11,324,745 15 11.7 10 5 33.3% 8471 83,624,721 9 3 0 9 100.0% 8471 34,094,261 9 3 0 9 100.0% 8471 96,485,961 9 3 0 9 100.0% 15,311,398 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 27,907,825 9 3 0 9 100.0% 88,375,897 9 3 0 9 100.0% 19,006,994 9 3 0 9 100.0% 40,404,046 9 3 0 9 100.0% 11,098,607 9 9 9 0 0.0% 34,540,368 3 1.5 1.5 1.5 50.0% 8525 8528 15,059,644 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 146,424,603 7 2.3 0 7 100.0% 17,376,231 3 1.5 1.5 1.5 50.0% 8525 8528 264,023,682 14/ / / / 16,425,472 8 2.7 0 8 100.0% 24,557,880 8 2.7 0 8 100.0% 14,398,801 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 19,281,832 12 6 0 12 100.0% 1000V 19,607,450 12 6 0 12 100.0% 173

85366900 85369000 85371010 85371090 85372090 85389000 85401200 85409110 85411000 85412100 85412900 85414000 85415000 85416000 85419000 85421310 85421320 85421330 85421400 85421910 85421920 1000V 29,936,869 12 6 0 12 100.0% 1000V 95,715,980 12 5 0 12 100.0% 1000V 18,961,755 7 5 5 2 28.6% V 1000V 40,694,617 12 8.4 8.4 3.6 30.0% V 1000V 36,632,114 12 8.4 8.4 3.6 30.0% 8535 8536 8537 65,168,830 7 7 7 0 0.0% 16,404,345 15 15 15 0 0.0% 11,456,263 10 6 6 4 40.0% 13,344,043 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 1 15,845,784 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 1 12,943,451 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 11,021,656 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 131,811,736 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 50,103,896 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 8541 17,576,751 10 3.3 0 10 100.0% 0.18 119,694,859 6 2 0 6 100.0% 0.18 0.35 19,895,475 6 2 0 6 100.0% 0.35 21,499,475 6 2 0 6 100.0% 42,583,020 6 2 0 6 100.0% 0.18 420,625,289 6 2 0 6 100.0% 0.18 0.35 188,596,051 6 2 0 6 100.0% 174

85423000 85424000 85425010 85425090 85429000 85431100 85432090 85433000 85438920 85438990 85439090 85442000 85445110 85447000 87032334 87032440 87041030 87041090 87059080 87059090 87089990 88023000 88024010 88033000 421,151,168 6 2 0 6 100.0% 203,969,904 6 2 0 6 100.0% 43,827,561 6 2 0 6 100.0% 25,074,632 6 2 0 6 100.0% 43,410,967 5 0 0 5 100.0% 15,002,702 5 0 0 5 100.0% 17,669,688 15 11.5 8 7 46.7% 11,846,764 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 25,714,721 12 6 0 12 100.0% 54,146,271 18 10.8 0 18 100.0% 8543 14,864,741 8 2.7 0 8 100.0% 20,292,084 12 10 10 2 16.7% 80V 1000V 10,464,197 15 7.5 0 15 100.0% 18,269,373 12 6 0 12 100.0% 2500ml 3000 ml 14,004,353 70 51.9 35.8 34.2 48.9% >3000ml 29,662,804 80 61.7 39.6 40.4 50.5% 30,724,907 15 11.4 6 9 60.0% 18,296,721 15 11.4 6 9 60.0% 27,915,853 12 12 12 0 0.0% 21,790,548 25 19.8 12 13 52.0% 8701 8705 13,126,556 40 27.5 10 30 75.0% 2000kg 15000kg 79,543,263 5 4.5 4 1 20.0% 45000 15000 504,409,737 5 5 5 0 0.0% 338,573,970 2 1 1 1 50.0% 175

90011000 90019000 90029090 90132000 90158000 90181291 90181300 90181930 90181990 90183900 90185000 90189070 90189090 90192000 90221200 90221400 90223000 90229090 90248000 90261000 90262000 90268000 90269000 8544 443,323,981 15 10.8 5 10 66.7% 26,930,127 8 8 8 0 0.0% 12,688,362 21 18.5 15 6 28.6% 43,702,016 6 6 6 0 0.0% 45,559,160 9 5 5 4 44.4% 58,417,210 11 7 5 6 54.5% 68,577,718 11 7.5 4 7 63.6% 50,741,392 11 7.5 4 7 63.6% 19,074,071 11 7.5 4 7 63.6% 21,983,128 8 6 4 4 50.0% 13,669,966 8 6 4 4 50.0% 12,022,634 8 6 4 4 50.0% 78,486,173 10 6 4 6 60.0% 12,676,392 8 6 4 4 50.0% X 48,464,666 6 4 4 2 33.3% X 45,904,253 6 4 4 2 33.3% X 16,144,140 6 2 2 4 66.7% X 9022 29,378,428 6 6 6 0 0.0% 13,363,194 12 8.5 5 7 58.3% 19,910,689 12 6 0 12 100.0% 13,190,682 12 6 0 12 100.0% 11,925,991 12 6 0 12 100.0% 12,890,265 9 3 0 9 100.0% 176

90271000 90272000 90273000 90275000 90278010 90278090 90279000 90302090 90303990 90304090 90308200 90308390 90308990 90309000 90312000 90314190 90314900 90318010 90318090 90319000 90328900 14,825,634 12 8.7 7 5 41.7% 59,005,614 12 6 0 12 100.0% 20,806,112 12 6 0 12 100.0% 28,219,142 12 6 0 12 100.0% 10,472,539 12 6 0 12 100.0% 9027 135,415,701 12 6 0 12 100.0% 9027 18,282,531 9 3 0 9 100.0% 22,293,799 15 10.8 5 10 66.7% 18,173,559 12 9 9 3 25.0% 100,569,384 12 6 0 12 100.0% 47,875,589 12 6 0 12 100.0% 39,021,200 12 8 8 4 33.3% 52,491,661 12 8 8 4 33.3% 9030 23,610,292 9 7 7 2 22.2% 16,194,093 12 8.7 7 5 41.7% 11,134,456 12 6 0 12 100.0% 33,853,400 12 6 0 12 100.0% 15,079,961 12 8.5 5 7 58.3% 197,472,064 12 8.5 5 7 58.3% 9031 17,481,023 9 3 0 9 100.0% 82,313,750 12 8.7 7 5 41.7% 177

90329000 90330000 15,034,511 9 5 5 4 44.4% 90 51,439,050 9 6 6 3 33.3% 11.9 4.8 7.1 59.8% 9.8 3.1 6.7 68.4% 20,063,680,733 26,199,944,196 77% 0.0625 2001 2002 1 1 2004 2 2004 3 2004 2004 2 3 178

179 WTO 2000

180

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Effects on the United States of China s Accession to the WTO, Investigation No. 332-403, Publication 3228,August 1999,Washington D. C.. Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, China s WTO Accession Would Boost US Ag Exports & Farm Income, Agriculture Outlook, March 2000. Fan Zhai and Shantong Li, China s WTO Accession and Implications for National and Provincial Economies, Paper presented at the International Conference China in the 21 st Century: Challenges of Global and National Economic Integration organized jointly by CASS and OECD Development Centre October 12-13, 1999, Kunming China. UNCTAD World Investment Report 2002, US Trade Representative Office, Annual Report 2002, Dominick Salvatore, International Economics, 1998 Business Weekly, April 1-7,2003. http://www.moftec.gov.cn. http://www.wto.org. 182