( CIP) : /. :, 2003. 1 ISBN 7-200 - 04821-6.......... R161. CIP (2002) 106738 JIANKANG XINGDONG SHIYONG CAOZUO JINGDIAN * ( 6 ) : 100011 : www.bph.com.cn * 8501168 32 11.5 250 000 2003 2 1 2003 2 1 1-55000 ISBN 7-200 - 04821-6 R206 : 16.00
207 : 1. 5 15, 10, 90 % 95%, 80 % 85%, 20% 25 % ; ( 12002000 ) ( ),,, 20 90 : 30 ( 19651995 ), 300, 200, 100 ; 1987 50%,, 61, 80,,,,
208,, 63, 45 ( 10 7 ) ; 3. 5, 3000, 10% : 2000, 2050, 8000,,,,,, 3000, 43 ;,, : ; : :,, :,, :,,,, :,
209 :,, 15, 5 10, 10 5,,,,,, 5 1, 4, 5,,,, 2.,!,,,,, ( 50100 ), ( W H O) :, :, B1 B6 C ;,,,,,, ;,,
210 10 %, 57. 7%, 80, 40, 5, 100 200 8,,,, 50%, 40% 3.,,,, 1999, 83. 6, 30%,,,,,,? : 95 % :, :, : :,,,,
211,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13000 ;, ;,,, ;,,,,,
212,,,,,,,, 1015, 10,,, 75 % 0. 5 % 0. 5%, 4.,,, 1990 12 28,,,,,,,,,,,
213,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 4 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,
214,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
215 1.,, 37,,, 24, 1,,,,,, : 37. 3 38, 38. 1 39, 39. 1 41, 41, (1 ) : (2 ) : :, ; ; - :
216 : :, ;, ;, :, (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) ; ; ; (5 ), ; (6 ), (1 ) : (2 ) :
217 (3 ) ( ) : (4 ) :, (5 ) : (6 ) :,, (7 ) : (8 ) : (9 ) : ;, ( ) ; ( ) 2.,,,,, ( ) (
218, ( ), (1 ),,,, (2 ),,, (3 ) (4 ),,,,, (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 ),
219 (6 ),, ; 3.,,,,,,, (1 ) : : : :, ( ) : (2 ) :
220 3 ) ; (4 ) (5 ) : ; (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),,, (5 ), (6 ) (7 ), (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 ),
221, ;, (6 ),, ; 4.,,,,,, : ; ;, (1 ) : :,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) :
222,,,,,, :,, (3 ) :,, (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ), (1 ) : ( ), (2 ) : (3 ) : (4 ) :,,, (5 ) : (6 ) : ;
223 5.,,,,,, (1 ) : : (2 ) : : : :, (3 ) : : : :,
224 : (4 ) (1 ),,,, (2 ),,, (3 ) ( ) ;,,, (4 ), (5 ) (6 ), X B (7 ),, (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 )
225,,,, 6.,,, 7 23,, (1 ) : ; ( ) ; ;, ; ; ; (2 ) :,, ; ; ( ) ; ( ), ;, (1 ),,, (2 ), ;
226 3 ) : (4 ) : (5 ) : 1., 2., 3. 4.,, 7.,,,,,, (1 ) : : :
227 : (2 ) : (3 ) : : : ( ) (4 ) : (1 ) ( / ) (2 ) ( ) (3 ), (4 ) (5 ) (6 ) (1 ),
228 (2 ), (3 ), (4 ), (5 ),, (6 ), (7 ), (8 ), (9 ), 8.,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
229 (1 ) ( ),, (2 ),, (3 ),, (4 ), (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), ;, (4 ), (5 ), (6 ),, 9. ( ) ;,,,
230,, (1 ) :, (2 ) :, ;, (3 ) : (1 ) ( ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ), (5 ) ( ) (6 ) ( ) (1 ) (2 ), (3 ),,
231 (4 ), (5 ), (6 ),, (7 ), (8 ),, (9 ),, 10., (1 ) : (2 ) : (3 ) :
232 4 ) : (1 ),,, (2 ) (1 ),, (2 ),, (3 ),, ; 11., (1 ) : :
233 : : : : : : (2 ) : : : : : :, : (1 ) :, (2 )
234 3 ) :, (4 ) : (5 ) (1 ),, (2 ) (3 ), ( ) ;, (4 ), (5 ), (6 ), (7 ), ( ), 12., 46, 0 2, 200400 ml, ;, ;
235 (1 ) :, : : ; : ; : : (2 ) : ; (3 ) :, ; ; (1 ),,, (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (1 ) :, ;,,,, ;
236 2 ), (3 ), (4 ) 50, (5 ) 40, (6 ),,, 13.,,,,,,,,, (1 ) ( ) :, : :
237 ( ) :, : (2 ) ( ) : -, : : (3 ) : : (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) (4 )
238,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, X,
239, ( + ) ( - ), ( + )( - ),, ( + ),, ( + ),, ( HBsAg) ( + ),, ( - ),, ( + ),,,, ( + ) ( + + )( + + + ), : ( + ), ( - ), ( + + ) ( + + + ) ;, ( + + + ) ( + + + + ), ( + ) ( - ), ( + ),,, ( - ),, (- HBs) ( + ), ( - ),,,,,,
240. ( RBC ) (4. 05. 5) 10 12 / L (3. 55. 0) 10 12 / L ( H GB Hb ) 120165g/ L (12. 016. 5g/ dl) 110150g/ L (11. 015. 0g/ dl) (1 ) : ;,, ; (2 ) :, (3 ) :, (4 ) :,,,,, ( HC T PCV) 0. 400. 50 ( 4050 % ) 0. 370. 48 ( 3748 % ) (1 ) :
241 (2 ) : ( MCV) 8292fl ( MCH ) 2731 pg ( MCHC ) 320360 g/ L ( RDW ) 11. 5% 14. 5 %,, ( Ret. C RC ) 0. 20. 06 (2 % 6% ) 0. 0050. 015 ( 0. 5% 1. 5 % ) (2284) 10 9 / L (1 ) :, ( ) (2 ) :, ( ESR ) 015mm/ 020mm/ (1 ) :, 3,
242 2 ) :, ; ; ; ; ( H b < 90 g/ L ) ; (3 ) :, DIC ( WBC) (DC ) (1 ) : ( 410) 10 9 / L (2 ) : 0. 040. 510 9 / L ( 1% 5% ) 2710 9 ( 50 % 70 % ) 0. 020. 510 9 (0. 5 % 5% ) 00. 110 9 ( 01 % ) 0. 8410 9 ( 20 % 40 % ) 0. 120. 810 9 (3 % 8% ) (1 ) : (2 ) : (, ),,,,,,, ; (3 ) : ( ) ; ;
243 ; ; ; (1 ) :,, (2 ) :, ;, ;, (3 ) : (1 ) : 2, (2 ) :, ; (3 ) : (1 ) : 1 (2 ) :, ;,,, 10%, ; ; ; (3 ) : (
244,, ( P LT BP ) ( 100300 ) 10 9 / L (1 ) : > 40010 9 / L, ; (2 ) : < 10010 9 / L,, ;, ;, DIC 2. ( UV ) (1 ) : 24 > 2. 5L,,, (2 ) : 24 < 0. 4L, ( U - ph ) 6. 5 ( 4. 68. 0 ) (1 ),
245 (2 ), ( ) ( ), ( U - SG) 1. 0151. 025, ( U - P ro) (1 ) : (2 ) : 080mg/ L (3 ) 24 : 20130mg/ 24 (1 ), > 100mg/ L > 150mg/ 24 (2 ) : > 2g/ 24, (3 ) :, < 1g/ 24, ( ), (4 ) :, (5 ) :,
246 ;, ; (6 ) : : :, ( - ), ( U - Glu ) : : 0. 562. 8mmol/ 24 ( 100500mg/ 24 ) 0. 10. 8mmol/ L (215mg/ dl), ( US - Mi) 0/ H P 03/ H P 3/ H P 03/ H PF 05/ H PF,
247 : : (1 ) : (2 ) : :, :, :, (3 ) :, (4 ) :, (5 ) : (6 ) :,
248 1 ) Addis : 05000 / 12 050 / 12 0100 / 12 (2 ) 1 : : < 3, < 4 : < 7, < 14, ; ( U - KET ) ( U - OB) (1 ),, ( ) (2 ) ( U - BIL ) ( URO) ( U RB)
249 ( U - NIT ), 3. ( SR T ) :, ; :, (1 ) : ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ;, ; (2 ) :, ;
250 : ; ; : ( OB), (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), 4. ( A FP ) < 20g/ L (1 ) A FP, > 400g/ L,, A FP
251 (2 ) AFP, < 300g/ L (3 ) 1214 A FP, 3234, 380500g/ L, 34 ( CEA) < 15g/ L (1 ),, CEA ; CEA ; CEA (2 ), ; CEA (3 ) CEA ( T PA ) < 130U/ L (1 ) T PA, 70% (2 ) T PA,, (3 ) T P A 19-9 ( CAl9-9 ) < 37U/ m1 ( MEIA IRMA ELISA ) (1 ),
252 2 ) CAl9-9 50 ( CA50 ) 20 U/ m1 (BIA IRMA ELISA ), ; 72-4 ( CA72-4 ) < 6. 7g/ L, 242 ( CA242 ) 12U/ ml 19 ( CYFRA21-1 ) < 3. 3g/ L ( NSCLC ),, 125 ( CAl25 ) < 35U/ ml (1 ),
253 (2 ),, (3 ), 15-3 ( CAl5-3 ) < 28U/ ml (1 ), 20 % 30%, (2 ), ( NSE ) < 12. 5g/ L, 50% 70 %, 10 % 20 % ( PSA) < 4 (1 ), (2 ), ( P AP ) < 2g/ L
254 1 ) 10%, 80% (2 ), ( SCC) < 1. 5g/ L, ( SA) 1. 292. 42mmol/ L ( 4075mg/ dl) N -,,,, 5. ( ph ) 7. 357. 45 ph < 7. 35, p H > 7. 45, p H ( PaO2 ) 10. 613. 3kPa ( 80100mmH g) PaO2, PaO2 < 7. 98 kpa (60mmHg ) ; PaO2 < 6. 65 kpa (50mmH g),
255 ; PaO2 < 3. 9kPa ( 30mm Hg) ( SaO2 ) 0. 920. 99 (92% 99% ) SaO2,, PaO2 SaO2 < 90%, < 80 % SaO2, ( CaO2 ) 1522m1 ( vol) % CaO2 100m1, Hb, CaO2, < 15m1 ( vol ) %, CaO2, SaO2 PaO2 ( PaCO2 ) 4. 655. 98kPa ( 3545mm Hg) (1 ) PaCO2,,, > 6. 65 kpa (50mmH g), 9. 31 10. 64kPa ( 7080mmHg ) (2 ) PaCO2, ( AB) ( SB) AB 2125mmol/ L 2228mmol/ L SB 2024 mmol/ L 21 25 mm 01/ L
256 SB ABSB, AB > SB, AB < SB AB = SB,, ;, ( TCO2 ) 2232mmol/ L (1 ) : (2 ) : ( CO2 CP H CO 3 - ) 2229mmol/ L, 4565 ( vol) % CO2 CP, ; CO2 CP, ( BE) ( - 3) ( + 3 ) mmol/ L BE BE,,, BE,, 6. ( CK) 25200 U/ L, 25170 U/ L (1 ) 48, 1636, 2
257 4 CK,, (2 ),, ( ), CK ;, CK (3 ) CK ; CK (4 ), CK CK - MM 96% 100% CK - MB < 6% CK - BB 0% ( ) CK - MB < 24U/ L ( 37) ( + ) < 5ng/ ml ( ) (1 ) CK - MB ( 25% 40 % ), 3. 5, 1624, 23 CK - MB CK 6 % CK - MB, CK - MB 522ng/ ml, AMI ; CK - MB > 22ng/ ml, ECG CK - MB (2 ) 4872,
258 CK - BB (3 ) CKMM, CK - MB, CK 5 % ( LD LD H ) 100240U/ L (, LP, 37) 230460U/ L (, PL, 37) 190310U/ L ( ) LD, 612, 2460, 715, LD,, LD ;, LD, LD1 24% 34% 17% 30% LD2 35% 44% 30% 40% LD3 19% 27%, 19% 27% LD4 0% 5% 7% 14% LD5 0% 2% 0% 8% ( ) ( ) LD1 1050U/ L ( ) 1755U/ L ( ) LD2 > LDl > LD3 > LD4 > LD5, LD2 > LD3 > LDl > LD4 > LD5 ( 1) LD1/ LD2 < 0. 8, LD1 > LD2
259 ( ) ; ( ) ; (2 ) LD, LD3, LD3 LD1, LD LD2 LD3, LD3 LD4 ( ) (3 ) LD5 ( ), LD5 > LD4 ( ), LD4 LD5, LD4 T ( Tn - T C TT ) < 0. 2g/ L (1 ), T n - T CK, 23,, 3040,, 3, (2 ) Tn - T,, (3 ) 7. ( TG) < 1. 70mmol/ L ( 150mg/ dl) (1 )
260 2 ) TG > 2mmol/ L ( 176mg/ dl ) LDL - C H DL - C TG, (3 ) > 2. 26mmol/ L ( 200mg/ dl), (4 ) TG : ( TC H O TC ) < 5. 20mmol/ L ( < 200mg/ dl) 5. 23 5. 69mmol/ L ( 201 219mg/ dl) > 5. 72mmol/ L ( > 220mg/ dl) (1 ) (2/ 3) ( 1/ 3), (2 ) 5. 0 6. 5mmol/ L ( 192 250mg/ dl),, 1%, 2%, (3 ) ( < 2. 95mmol/ L ),, ;, ( H DL - C) > 1. 04mmol/ L ( > 40mg/ dl)
261 : < 0. 91mmol/ L ( < 35mg/ dl) (1 ) H DL - C TC 25 % 30% (2 ) HDL - C H DL - C 0. 03 mmol/ L (1 mg/ dl), 2 % 3 % H DL - C < 0. 91 mmol/ L (35mg/ dl),, (3 ) H DL - C TC/ H DL - C = 3 ; TC/ H DL - C = 5 ; TC/ H DL - C = 13 (4 ) H DL - C TG, TG > 2. 8mmol/ L, H DL - C ( LDL - C ) < 3. 12mmol/ L ( < 120mg/ dl) 3. 15 3. 61mmol/ L ( 121 139mg/ dl) > 3. 64mmol/ L ( > 140mg/ dl) (1 ), LDL - C, H DL - C, ; H DL - C, LDL - C, (2 ) LDL - C, ( VLDL - C)
262 0. 78mmol/ L ( < 30mg/ dl) VLDL - C, b ( a) LP (a) < 300 mg/ L L P ( a),, 80 % 200mg/ L, > 300mg/ L, 14%, 1000mg/ L LP ( a),, L P ( a), L P ( a) A( Apo A) 1. 021. 37g/ L (102137mg/ dl) 1. 051. 41g/ L (105141mg/ dl) (1 ) Apo A H DL, HDL - C (2 ), Apo A; Tangier Apo A, ( Apo B) 0. 681. 02g/ L (68102mg/ dl) 0. 590. 95g/ L (5995mg/ dl) (1 ) ApoB LDL, LDL - C (2 ) ApoB,
263 LDL - C TC H O, ApoB (3 ) LDL, ApoBLDL - C TC H O (4 ) ApoB (31. 85. 3 ) % ( 15. 14. 1) % (53. 15. 1 ) % ( CM) ( - ) (1 ) :,, CM TG, ; : a,,, TC, LDL b,,, TC TG, :,,, T C TG, ApoE, :,, TG, :,, CM
264 TG, ApoA TG, (2 ), ApoB100ApoB48 ; ApoA ApoC LCAT X ( LPX) () < 100 mg/ L ( ) LPX, 8. ( Glu BG) 3. 96. 4mmol/ L (1 ) : > 7. 3 mmol/ L, :,, ; ;, ;, (2 ) : < 3. 9mmol/ L :,,,,,,,,
265, ( OGT T ) : 3. 616. 11 mmol/ L 75g : 0. 5 1, < 11. 1 mmol/ L ( 200mg/ dl) ; 2, < 7. 8mmol/ L 0. 51 (), ( - ) (1 ) : 7. 8mmol/ L ( 140mg/ dl),, 1, > 11. 1 mmol/ L, 2 (2 ) : 6. 117. 8mmol/ L, 2 7. 811. 1mmol/ L (3 ) 2 > 7. 8 mmol/ L (4 ) :,,,,, > 11. 1 mmol/ L, 2 ( G H b) 3. 6% 6. 8 % ( ) 3. 8% 6. 2 % ( ) 5% 9 % ( )
266 G H b 2,, G Hb > 11% 9. ( T P ) 6080g/ L (6. 08. 0g/ dl), ( ), ;, ( Alb) 3555g/ L (3. 55. 5g/ dl) (1 ) :, (2 ) :,,,,, T P < 50g/ L, A lb < 30g/ L,,, ( Glob)
267 2030g/ L (2. 03. 0g/ dl) (1 ) :, ;, (2 ) : / ( A/ G) 1. 52. 51 Alb 62% 71% 1 3 % 4% 2 6 % 10 % 7 % 11 % 9% 18% (, ) (1 ) :, Alb 2, ;,, A lb 2, Alb,, 1 2, Alb
268 2 ) : 1 2, Alb, 2, ; 1 ;, M ( P A) 280360mg/ L (1 ) : (2 ) :, ;, 1 ( 1 - A T A AT ) 0. 782. 0 g/ L 1 - AT,, (2030 ), ZZ < 0. 5g/ L, 1 - A T 2 ( 2 - MG AMG) 1. 53. 5g/ L 1. 74. 2g/ L,,, ( CE R CP ) 10300mg/ L 6 1 150500mg/ L
269 1 12 300650mg/ L 150600mg/ L, CE R,, ( SF ) 25200g/ L ( ng/ ml) 1 200600g/ L ( ng/ ml) 25 50200g/ L ( ng/ ml) 6 15 7140g/ L ( ng/ ml) 15200g/ L ( ng/ ml) 12150g/ L ( ng/ ml) (1 ) :, ( ),, SF ;, SF ; (2 ) : 1 ( 1 - MG) 10. 224. 2mg/ L 0. 82. 8 mg/ L < 5mg/ 24h (1 ) 1 - MG,
270 2 ) 1 - MG, (3 ) 1 - MG, 2 ( 2 - MG) 2 - MG < 3mg/ L ( < 3g/ ml) 2 - MG < 0. 2mg/ L ( < 0. 2g/ ml) 32360g/ 24h (1 ) 60 2 - MG, (2 ) 2 - MG, 2 - MG ;, IgA (3 ) 2 - MG, (4 ) 2 - MG (5 ) 2 - MG ( p H < 6. 0 ), ( Met Hb ) 9. 337. 2mol/ L ( 0. 060. 24g/ dl) 10. GP T ) ( ALT, :
271 < 40U/ L (, 37) 525 () ALT, ;, ;, ;, ;, ; ; ; ;, ;,, ALT ( AST, : GP T ) < 45U/ L (, 37) 828 () AS T,,, 48h, 1648h, 36 ; ;, AS T/ AL T 11. 15 AS T/ ALT, AST/ ALT < 1. 0, ;, AS T/ ALT > 1. 5,
272 AST AS Tm ) < 7U/ L AST ( AS Ts ) < 21U/ L ( ) (1 ) AS T s :, (2 ) AS Tm :, ;, ( ALP A KP ) < 250 U/ L 40150U/ L, AL P, ( ) ;, ; ALP,, ; ALP 6 P2 P3, O B ALP5 ALP1 : ALP2 IgG,, ALP1 > ALP2, ALP2 :,,
273 ALPl ALP3 : ALP4 : ALP5 :, O B ALP6 : - (- GT GGT ) < 50U/ L, GGT, GGT,,, - - GTl (63. 214. 86 ) % - GT2 (7. 242. 23) % - GT3 (18. 413. 14 ) % - GT4 (11. 142. 72 ) %, - GT2 ;, - GT3 ( LAP ) 18. 336. 7U/ L 16. 329. 2U/ L,,,, ( PChE)
274 250 12250U/ L (, 37) 500012000U/ L (, 37) (1 ) PChE,,,, PChE A/ G ;, (2 ) PChE, (3 ) (4 ) PChE ( MAO) < 30 (1 ),, (2 ) 5- (5- NT ) 210 U/ L (, 37) 217 U/ L ( AM P ), ; ALP, 5- NT, ALP 5- NT, AL P
275 ( TBil) 3. 417. 1mol/ L (D - Bil) 06. 8mol/ L ( I - Bil) 1. 710. 2mol/ L (1 ) :, ;,,,, Gilbert Cripler - Najjar, Dubin - Johnson Roto,, (2 ) :, ( ) (3 ) : 17. 134. 2mol/ L 34. 2171mol/ L 171342mol/ L > 342mol/ L ( TBA ) 010mol/ L ( 03. 9g/ ml) ( ),, > 20mol/ L, > 20mol/ L ( N H3 ) 1259mol/ L (20100g/ dl) (
276,, ( - C) < 140 ng/ ml, ( - C) < 120g/ ml 1 - L - ( AF U) 500mol/ ( Lh ) 11. ( Urea) ( BU N) 1. 87. 1mmol/ L 3. 27. 1mmol/ L () :, ; ;, ;, ; ( Scr ) 88. 4176. 8mol/ L
277 53106mmol/ L, 50%,,,,,, ( Ccr) 80120 m1/ min (1 ) : 8050 m1/ min, 5020 m1/ min, 2010 m1/ min, 10 ml/ min (2 ) : 3040 m1/ min, 30 m1/ min,, 10 ml/ min (3 ) : Ccr ; (4 ) :,, Ccr, Ccr ( CRN) 1354mol/ L ( 0. 170. 70mg/ d1)
278 771mol/ L (0. 350. 93mg/ d1) ( ) (1 ) : (2 ) : ( UA ) 268488mol/ L 178387mol/ L (1 ) : (2 ) : 12. ( T4) 65155 nmol/ L (1 ),, (2 ), ( F T4 ) 1030pmol/ L T4, F T4 T4,
279, ( T3) 1. 63. 0 nmol/ L, (1 ) T3, (2 ) T3, T3 T3 (3 ) T3 T4, (4 ),,,,, T3 ( F T3 ) 410 pmol/ L F T3 T3,, T3 3, 3, 5(T3) 0. 20. 8nmol/ L T3 T4, (1 ), T3 T3, T4 ;, T3 T3 T4, TS H (2 ) T3, T3 (3 ) T3,
280 TBG) 1534mg/ L (1 ) TBG, TBG T4,, (2 ),, TBG, TBG, F T4 T3 ( 125 I - T3R UR ) 25% 35% (1 ) T3R UR,, TBG (2 ) T3R UR,, TBG T3T4 13. ( Amy AMS) 20115 U/ L < 1000U/ L (1 ) 812 h AMS, 12 24 h, 25 ; AM S 1224h, AMS, AMS > 500U/ L, 350500 U/ L
281 (2 ),,, (3 ), 3 (4 ) ( MAMS ) AMS, AMS ( AMS - 1) ( AM S - S) 45% 70% ( AM S - P ) 30 % 55 % ( AM S - S) 20% 50% ( AM S - P ) 50 % 80 % (1 ) AMS : ( AMS - S ) ( AM S - P ) (2 ) AMS - S,, (3 ) AMS - P, ( LPS) 079 U/ L 0160U/ L < 1500U/ L ( Try) 0. 10. 5mg/ L
282 ACP ) 0. 9 U1. 9U/ L (1 ), (2 ), (3 ), ( ADA) 7. 719. 3U/ L (, 37) 3. 2 8. 8 U/ L (, 37) 0 25U/ L ( ) (1 ), ADA (2 ), ADA (3 ) ADA (), 50U/ L ( 40 ) (4 ), ADA ; ( SOD) 555633g/ gh b ( ), SOD,,, ( CAT ) 13. 417. 8g/ gh b ( )
283,,, 14. ( H A Ag) : H A Ag,, IgM (H A V - IgM) (1 ) H AV, 36, ( 1 ), H A V- IgM (2 ), H AVIgM, IgG (H AV - IgG),, 10 > 82 % ( HBV) ( HBsAg)
284 1 ) HBsAg, (2 ) HBsAg ( ) (3 ), : HBsAg ( HBs) (1 ) H BV HBV,,, (2 ) HBs e ( HBeAg) (1 ),, (2 ) HBeAg, 90%, HBeAg e (HBe) (1 ) HBe,
285, H Be ; HBe, HBeAg HBe, ALT, HBe > > (2 ) HBe 20% HBV ( HBcAg) (1 ) HBcAg,, (2 ) HBcAg,, ( HBc) HBc HBcIgM (1 ) HBc HBc ( IgGIgMIgA ), IgG - HBc (2 ) HBcIgM HBV, 36, DNA ( HBVDNA) HBV, H Bs Ag HBsAg
286 H BsAg HBsHBeAg HBe HBc,,, H Bs HBV, HBeAg HBV, ( HCV) RNA ( H CVRN A) (1 ) HCV,, HCV (2 ) HCV LgM (HCV - IgM ),, ALT 4, 14, 6, 1gG (HCV - IgG) (1 ), HCV, HCV (2 ), ( HIV )
287 HIV, HIV HIV,, H IV ;, HIV, 15. ph 6. 36. 5, < 5 / H P, < 10 / H P,, ;, ; ;,, ; (1 ) :, (2 ) : ; : ; : ( ) ;
288 ; : ; : ; : (3 ) : ( ), (1 ) :,,, (2 ), ; ; ; ;, ; - ( ),,, (1 ) :
289 (2 ) : (3 ) :,,,, (4 ) :
290. ( 1),,,,,, ;,,, mm Hg ( ) kpa ( ), 120/ 80 mmhg, 120mm Hg, 80mmH g kpa( ), : 1mm Hg ( ) = 0. 133kPa ( ), 120/ 80mm Hg 16/ 10. 6 kpa,,,,, 6mmH g ( 0. 8kPa),,, ( W H O) : 140mm Hg ( 18. 6kPa ), 90 mmhg ( 12kPa), 3040mm Hg 160mmH g ( 21. 3 kpa),
291 95 mmhg ( 12. 6kPa) ;, 141159mmHg ( 18. 921. 2kPa), 9194mm Hg (12. 112. 5kPa),,, 90mm Hg ( 12. 0 kpa ), 20 80 3, 1. 2 1. 5, 350 35 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2) : :
292, 10, : 12 18 g, 78g, 0. 63 0. 5814 2g, 2. 0mm Hg 1. 2mmH g 24, :, 30% 66%, 2 % 7%, 4 40% ( 3) :,,,,,
293,,,,,,,,, 3, ( 4),,,,,,, : :,,,,,, :,,,
294,, ( 5),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10 %,, ;,,,,,,,,,
295,,,,, ( 6),,, :, X ( CT ),,, 24 B ( 7) ( ) 1999 WH O : 160mmH g, 95mmHg,
296, 140mmH g, 90mmH g 140mmH g 160mmH g, 95 mmhg, 90mm Hg, 3, 3 : 1 2 X,,, 3, 1 :,,, ( ),,,,, 71. 5%, 11. 1%,,,, ( 8),,,,, ( ),
297,,,, : < 135/ 85mm Hg, 120/ 80mm Hg; ;,,,,, : ( 6 ),,,,,, 30004000, 800 300,,,,
298,,,,,,,,, : ( ACE ),,,,,,,,,,,,,
299, ( 9) :,, 12. 5mg, 12 ;, ( > 80 / ) 50 mg, 12 ; 25mg, 12 ; 510mg, 1,, 30mg, 1 ; 120240 mg, 1 10mg, 23, ( > 265mol/ L 3mg/ dl ) : 12. 5 25 mg, 23 ; 1020 mg, 12
300 ( AT1), 50100mg, 1, 80160mg,, ( 10 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,, 20%,,,,,,,,,, < 120/ 80 mmhg
301,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 2, : ( 11 ),, 26. 6/ 16 ( 200/ 120 mm Hg ), ; ; ;
302,,,,,, 2 2 ; 2,,,, ( ),,,,, ( 12 ) :,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, ( 13 ) : : 6,,,,,
303,,,,,,, :,, :,,, :,,,,,,, :,,, :,,, 2. ( 1),,
304,,,,,,, ( 2) : :
305, ( ),,,, :,,,,,, 35 :,, :,, : :, ( 3), ( > 50 % 70 % ),,, :,,, ( 30 % ), :
306,,,,, ( 4),,,, : :,,,,,, :, 12,,,, :,, :,
307 50,,,,, :,,,, ( 5) :,,,,,,, 15, 15 ;, 12 ( 5 ) ( ),,,,,,,,, T ST,,, ( EC T)
308 24 ( H olt er ), ( 6),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 115, 35, 30 (), ( ),,
309,,,, ;,,,, 12 ( 5, ),, ( 7) : ( ) ( ),,, 10,,,,,, ST, Q X,,
310,,,, 12,,,,,,, ( 8) : :,, 13,, 50%, ST X, X
311,, 1,, 3,,,,, 10, ST T, :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, ST, S T ( avr V1 S T ),,, 30 1,
312,,,,, :,,, : :, :, 1. 52 :, 0. 5 1 : ( ), ( 9) :,,,,, ;
313, : : : (, )0. 30. 6mg, 12, ; : ( ) 51Omg, 2 5, 23,,, 510, ( ) :,,,,,,,, : ( ) - : : ( ) : ( )ATP :,
314 10 ) : 6, :,,,,,,, 2448 :,,,,,,,,,, 80%,
315,, : ( 11 ) 1,,,,,, 3 1, 3,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,
316 ( 12 ) : : 10%, < 30%, < 300mg/, ( ) ;,,, : ( 10 ),, :, : :, 20% :,, C : VitC,
317 3 30 ( ),,,, 3. ( 1),,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :
318, 40,, ( ) : 90%,,,,,, 80% 90% ( 2) :,,, 4, 40, 100 510
319 :, :,,, 40 50, 6065,,,, ( ), ( 3) :,,,
320,, ( 4 ), ; 3, ( 4) :,,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,
321,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) :, ( 7mmol/ L ) (126 mg/ dl) (11. 1mmol/ l) ( 200mg/ dl) ( 5) : :,,, ( ),
322,,,,,,, : ; ; ( 6) :,, ( ) ( ), :, 25% 55% 65%,, 15 %, 80%,, ( )
323 10 / 1, 12,, : ( ), : : ( 7) : -,,,,,,,, 30,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),
324 -, (),,,,,,, -,,,,,,, ;,, ( 8) :,,,, :,
325,,,,, : : (, RI ) :,,,,, 0. 51, 24, 68 : ( NP H ),,, RI,, RI 34, 612, 2428 : ( PZI ),,,, RI N P H 46, 1424, 36,,, 24, 2430, ( + ), 1 ( + ) 4, 2 ( + ) 8,
326,,, ( ),,,, ( 9) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ; ;,,,,
327,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. ( 1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
328,,,,, ;, ;, ( ) ( 2) : :, ; :, ; :,,, ; ; :,, ; :,, ; :,, ; :,, :, : (,, ) ; ( ) ; (, ) ; () ; (, ) : (, )
329 ( 3) : :,,, :, 2. 5 0. 4 21 ( ) 5, 93 % A 3. 5 ( 4 ) 3 3 1, 5 2. 5 3
330 4) : ( ) ; ( ) ; ;, ; ; ; ;, ;, ; ;, ;, ( 5) : ( CT MRI ) :,, 1 2 1, 24 :
331,,,, : ( ) :,, :,,, :,,, 80%
332,,, ( 6) : : ;,,, :,,,, 2030 :,, :,,,,
333 :,, ( ) ( 7) :,,,,,,,, :,, 23,, ;,,,,,,,
334,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, ( 8) :,,,,,,,,, ;,
335,,,,,,,,, ; ; :,,, :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,
336. ( 1),,,,, :,, ( ),,, :,,,,,,,,,, ( 2),,,?, ;,,
337 :,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ( 3) 160, 130,, 5 80% 90%,,,
338,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
339,,,,,, ( 4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,
340,,,,, ( 5),, X, 40 1, 12 X 1, 1, 3 1 40 1 50 1, 1,,,,, ( ),, 45 X 1 ;
341 ; ; ( ) ( ) ( 6) :,, :,, : X : X,,, B :, CTMRI : CT, M RI,, M RI,, :,,
342,, :,,, :,,,,, :,,, ( 7) : ( ) ;,,, ( ) ( ),
343, ; ( ), 40,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,
344,,, (,, ),, ( 8) :,, :, :, : :,,, : 3 3, 4 5
345, 5 :,, :,,, 1. (1 ), 35 (2 ),,, 10 (3 ), 34 5 (4 ),,, 5 (5 ),, (6 ), 75% 2. :
346 1 ), (2 ), 0 (3 ),, ( ),,,,, (4 ), 3cm,,, 2030 mm Hg,,,,, (5 ),,, : (1 ),, 67, 910, 12 (2 ),,, (3 ),,,, (4 ), 0 3.,
347,,,, 120140 ; 90100 ; 80 90 ; 7080,,,, 1,,,,, 1, 1020,, 4. 3040 ; 2530 ; 2025 ; 1620, 40, 10,,,,,,
348,,,,, 5.,, 5 : (1 ) :,,, (2 ) :,,, (3 ) :,,,,,, (4 ) : (5 ) :,,,,
349,,,,, ; 6., : (1 ) (2 ), ( ) : (1 ) : Rp : Sig S. (2 ) : Tab. : Inj. : Sol. : Emp. : Cap. : Ung. : Syr. : Aq. : Mist. : Tr. : Lot. (3 ) : g,, 0. 5g 0. 5 : ml (1 ml = 1cc) : mg : g : U : #, 4 # 4 (4 ) 1 : b. d. 1 /, 1/ ()
350 : b. i. d. 2 /, 2/ 2 1 : q. 2h. 3 : t. i. d. 3 /, 3/ 8 1 : q. 8h. 4 : 4/, 4. i. d. : q. n. 1 : q. o. d. : p. r. n. s. o. s. 1 : q. w. 1 / 2 : b. i. w. (5 ) q. i. d. 4 /, : H, : iv, : im, : (6 ) 7. : a. c. : Stat. ; St. : : p. c. : ht,,,,, (1 ) :,,
351,,,,, (2 ) :,, 8. (1 ),,, (2 ), (3 ),,, ( ), (4 ) ( C ), ( APC ),, ( ) (5 ), 1, 23, 35,, (6 ),,
352., (1 ),,, (2 ) :,,, ; (3 ) :, (4 ) :,,, (5 ), (6 ) (7 ),, (8 ), 10.,, 4 ; 5, (1 ),
353 (2 ) : ( ), 23 2030, (3 ) :, 4, (4 ), 15, 2 ; 1, 15 ; 5 1, 2 (5 ), 4 ;, 5 ;,, (6 ),,,,,,,, 11. (1 ),, (2 ),,,
354 3 ),, 12. (1 ),,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),, (4 ),,,, (5 ),, (6 ),,,,,,,
355 (7 ), (8 ) :, ; :, ; :,,,,,,,,,
356,,,, 2008, ;,,,,, 2002 12