2014 11 36 6 Modern Law Science Nov.2014 Vol. 36 No. 6 1001-2397 2014 06-0003 - 12 100872 DF636 A DOI 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1001-2397. 2014. 06. 01 1 2011 11 2011 2011 2005 2007 2008 2010 2011 1 1 2012 5 2014-08 - 24 1953-2013 9 2013 12 2014 5 3
2 3 corruption embezzlement bribery bribery embezzlement corruption corruption 4 5 4
6 1 2003 2 21 7 163 5 1 2. M. 2004 370-376. 2005 10 27
3 3 2 2010 154 836 424 1. 9 40 974 4 600 4 1. 12 20 583 3. 08 14 159 2 700 13 986 10 10 21. 6 8 2014 19 Adolf Quetlet1796-1874 2014 3 23. 6% 2014 1 459 2013 22 23 675 2013 46. 2% 11 Marvin Zalman 2009 4 1990 Gauss Curve 829 340 1994 872 220 1998 927 720 2002 1 051 000 2006 A. M. Guerry 1 132 290 12 9 2012 3 86. 9 18. 4 4. 6 51. 8 6
2009 2013 1 2009 17 2 2013 18 3 2014 1 6 16 4 27 13 2013 10 22 2008 1 2013 8 151 350 198 781 13 368 1 029 32 1 2008 2012 19. 5% 48 671 32. 1% 53 532 2 2009 17 1 2 3 4 35. 4% 14 354 5 9. 5% 6 7 8 34 793 23% 9 10 167 514 11 12 148 931 13 14 99. 9% 377 14 15 16 17 3 2013 18 1 2008 2012 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4 2014 1-6 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 7
3 2007 7 8 2014 1 10 9 2013 1 950 374 6 1 220 191 172 532 15 15 14% 16 14% 50% 12. 5% 87. 5% 1 2004 8 1 50% 50% 50% 50% 4 50% 6. 25% 100 7. J. 2013 3824. 8
survey of surveys 2001 2002 31 16 1995 2002 2011 10 6. 9% 2001 10 10. 0-8. 0 0. 7% 35. 6% 8. 0-5. 0 5. 0-2. 5 4% 41. 6% 2% 12. 4% 2. 1% 3. 5% 0. 6% 17 2. 5-0. 0 confidence range 5-7 3 10 2006 70 Transparency International 1 3. 3 9 3. 0-3. 6 CPI 2 70 3. 3 3 2. 2-3. 72012 1 10 2013 12 13 1. 1 1993 5 18 2 Corruption Perceptions Index 9
African Development Bank Governance Ratings 2. Bertelsmann Foundation Sustainable Governance Indicators 3. Bertelsmann Foundation Transformation Index 4. Economist Intelligence Unit Country Risk Ratings 5. Freedom 177 House Nations in Transit 6. 91 Global Insight Country Risk Ratings 7. 15 75 80 40 IMD World 8 Competitiveness Yearbook 8. Political and Economic Risk Consultancy Asian Intelligence 9. Political Risk Services International Country Risk Guide 10. 2012 80 2012 2013 6 Transparency International Bribe Payers Survey 11. World 1995 Bank - Country Policy and Institutional Assess- 41 ment 12. World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey 13. World Justice Project Rule 2. 16 2. 88 of Law Index 18 2012 3. 1 3. 6 2012 39 2013 40 32 42 1-6 0. 5 1 6 10 18 2013 12 3 2013
19 21 Bribe Payers Index BPI Global Corruption BarometerGCB Global Cor- ruption ReportGCR National Integrity System assessmentsnis Transparency In Corporate Reporting 1999 3 2011 3000 28 10 2011 28 8. 8 10 8. 1 15 7. 6 6. 5 6. 1 22 20 2012 Johann Graf Lambsdorff 11
individual corruption institutional corruption or systematic corruption social corruption or systemic corruption 23 20 80 90 24 25 26 1 2 2002 12 1 2 10 21 2014
9. M. 10. EB / OL. 2012-03 - 03 2014-06 - 20. http / /news. timedg. com /2012-03 /03 / content_8823420. htm. 11. FIFA EB /OL. 2014-05 - 14 2014-06 - 22. http / /news. dahe. cn /2014 /05-14 /102848177. html. 12. N. 2011-05 - 04 10. 13. C.. 2004. 2004 395. 14. 5 32 N. 2013-10 - 23 A07. 15. 2013 EB /OL. 2014-01 - 10 2014-06 - 22. http / /politics. people. com. cn /n /2014 /0110 /c1001 - ML 1. 2011 10 J. 02 /24 / content_7675708. htm. 2011 12 25. 17. 2 EB /OL. 2003-03 - 11 2014-06 - 22.. M. 1988 http / /www. southcn. com /news /china /zgkx /200303110749. 1392. htm. 3. M. 18. EB /OL. 2014-06 1991 1069. 4Bryan A. Garner. Black s Law DictionaryK. St.. 1989 67-68. 24081364-2. html. 16. EB /OL. 2008-02 - 24 2014-06 - 21. http / /news. xinhuanet. com /politics /2008 - - 19. http / /cpi. transparency. org /cpi2013 /in_detail /. 19. Paul West Group1999 348. N.. 2013-12 - 10 5. 5. G/ / 20S. Andersson P. M. Heywood. The Politics of. Perception Use and Abuse of Transparency International s. 1995 27. Approach to Measuring Corruption J. Political Studies 6. M. 2013 57 4746. 2002 19. 21Dan Hough. CorruptionAnti - Corruption and 7. GovernanceM. Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan 2013 16 - M. 2011 121. 17. 8. 22. 2011 EB /OL. 2013 G/ / - 07-12 2014-06 - 23. http / /baike. baidu. com /. 1996 291. view /10768087. htm fr = aladdin. 13
23. http / /news. 163. com/08/1027/23/4pa2kdte0001311u. html. N. 21 2014-06 - 08. J. 1996 1 85. 25. 5 5071562. htm. EB/OL. 2008-10 - 27 2014-06 -26. 26. 24. EB /OL. 2006-09 - 10 2014-06 - 26. http / /news. xinhuanet. com /legal /2006-09 /10 /content _ The Assessment of the Current Situation of Corruption Crimes in China HE Jia-hong Law School of Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Abstract The corruption crime is the act of embezzlement or bribery by a state worker or an employee of a company or other unitwho uses his or her station or office to procure some benefit. The assessment of the situation of corruption crimes can be done in the objective way and the subjective way. Howeverboth have some demerits. In combining the two methodspeople may reach two points about the situation of corruption in China now. FirstChina is not the worst country of corruption in the worldbut the problem is still quite serious. Second the corruption in China is not an individual corruptionit is an institutional and social corruption. Knowing the situation and nature of corruption crimes may provide some scientific basis for the anti-corruption decision-making. Key Words corruption crime objective assessment subjective assessment 14