1
( ) 2 2
3
4
5
6
4 7
8
5 9
10
11
12
Logic Error Length of Service Error Competitive Rater Error 13
Rawls,1971 G.S.Leventhal 1 The Consistency Rule The Bias-Supperssion Rule The Accuracy Rule The Correctability Rule 14
The Representative Rule The Ethicality Rule 66 15
16
bureaucratism logical positivism 17
Weller, 1994:34-35 18
New rightists New Public Management post-bureaucratism debureaucratization entrepreneurial government ungovernability 8 19
TQM TQM 20
performance management 10 1, 2 1 2 3 (indicator) (economy) (Efficiency) (sffectiveness) (equaity) (entirness) (everlasting) 3 10 21
结 22
11 23
12 9-10 24
Noe2000279-282 performance measure content validity 13 8-9 25
14 11-12 26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
( ) 15 15 34
( ) 16 () () () ( ) () () () 16 35
( ) ( ) 1. 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 35 50 60 75 65 50 30 365 90 150 180 155 120 100 60 855 100 130 150 210 220 180 90 1080 85 150 190 170 115 100 50 860 70 100 170 160 140 110 75 825 380 580 750 770 660 540 305 3985 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 20 20 42 35 30 20 12 179 22 45 40 41 25 25 15 213 22 46 50 41 35 36 18 248 26 39 48 38 30 19 15 215 90 150 180 155 120 100 60 855 2. 84 500 42000 84 1000 84000 85 400 33600 83 600 49800 36
2500 85 50 4250 84 300 25200 83 450 37350 86 200 17200 1000 84000 89 84 () ( ) 37
17 38
39
40
41
18 42
43
44
45
46
OECD, 1997 19 47
20 48
Nutley & Osborne, 1994; Rouse,1997 49
50
51
22 110 52
53
23 23 54
55
56
57
24 80 2003 2 13-15 58
goal displacement 59
60
25 2001 10 109 61
62
26 63
64
myth 65
myth ( 66
) ( 83 83 ) 70 70 ( ) 70 () () 69 () 70 (68 2 ) 80 80 75 69 ( ) 59 ( ) 70 1 () ( 82 1270 1012 )69 1 ()59 ( 67
) ( ) 2.5 ( 1 1.5 ) ( ) ( 2.5 300 83300 =249 ) ( ) 69 ( )249 20 ( 20%) 173913 14.28 27 ia BC DE F 89 19 710 1 13490 192637 87 17 690 1.2 14076 201005 87 17 790 1.2 16116 230136 87 17 780 1.2 15912 227223 27 1.A = 2.Bi =Ai-70 3.Ei =Bi Ci Di 4.Fi =249 5.TF = 6.i =1,2,3,4 20 68
86 16 750 1.2 14400 205632 86 16 650 1 10400 148512 85 15 670 1 10050 143514 85 15 650 1.2 11700 167076 84 14 630 1 8820 125950 84 14 590 1 8260 117953 83 13 445 1 5785 8260 83 13 400 1 5200 74256 82 12 445 1 5340 76255 81 11 610 1 6710 95819 80 10 520 1 5200 74256 79 9 490 1 4410 62975 79 9 630 1.2 6804 97161 78 8 610 1 4880 69686 78 8 445 1 3560 50837 77 7 400 1 2800 39984 83 173913 2483478 70 69 10% 69
70
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Rawls, A Theory of Justice. Combridge, MAHarvard Univ. Press, 1971 Cohen, R. L.ed.,JusticeViews from the social sciences. N.Y. Plenum Press, 1986 Jay M.Shafritz, et.al.,personnel Management in GovernmentPoiitics and Process, 4 th ed, 1992 Cardy, R. L. & Dobbins, g. h., Performance Cincinnati, OHSouth Western Publishing Co, 1994 Farnham, D., Managing the new Public Service LondonMacmillan, 1993 Landy F. J. & Farr J.,The Measurement of Work PerformanceMethods, 72
Theory and Application. New York Academic Press, 1983 Nutley, S. & Osborne, S. The Public Sector Management Handbook. Harlow, UKLongman group Limited, 1997 Rouse, J. Resource and Performance Management in Public Service Organization. In K. Isaac-Henry, C. Painter & C. Barnes eds., Management in the Public SectorChallenge and Change.3 rd ed., LondonInternational Thomson Business Press, 1997 Shafritz. J. M. & Russell, E. W. Introducing Public Administration, New York. An import of Addison Wesley Longman, 2nc, 1997 73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
1. 83
1. 84
85
86
532 542A 542B 18 92.11 50 50 S.O.P. 12 90% 92.06 100 87
9 10 92.11 50 50 23-26 7.8.10 10 92.06 100 1-6 12.13 18 27 28.29 10 92.11 50 50 10 92.11 40 60 18 3 10 92.11 60 40 90% 92.05 15 92.08 20 7 92.03 100 DOS 88
ISO 13 92.11 50 50 2000 SOP ISO 9001 89