27 11 Vol. 27 No. 11 2012 11 JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Nov. 2012 1 2* 1. 100101 2. 100875 GIS 34 3 h 1 h GDP 50 km GDP F592. 99 A 1000-3037 2012 11-1951 - 11 2009 927 10 4 km 2 96. 57% 9. 98 10 8 75. 2% 1 2 20 50 3 4-5 Bowen 1979 1997 6 2011-06- 07 2012-03- 13 41001082 2011RC201 1981- E-mail wangje@ igsnrr. ac. cn * 1984 - E-mail bsdhao@ 126. com
1952 27 20 100 a 7 339 8 31 9 10 11 12 Spot 13 14-16 17 17 18 19 GIS 1 2008 50 513 8 339 113 513 34 1 34 18 2008 2 2. 1 Voronio Voronio Voronio L ik = Min L i j i = 1 m j = 1 n i j L ij i j k i L ik GIS 1
11 1953 Table 1 1 34 Brief introduction of 34 medium-and small-sized cultural tourist cities /10 4 1 37. 02 2005 1982 2 37. 21 1998 1982 3 47. 00 1998 1982 4 31. 48 2000 2008 5 27. 00 2005 1994 6 15. 06 2003 1994 7 46. 73 2000 2005 8 35. 47 2003 1986 9 38. 5 2003 1994 10 42. 13 2000 2008 11 31. 29 2005 1994 12 27. 98 1998 2010 13 46. 68 2005 1994 14 46. 92 2000 1994 15 42. 78 2005 1982 16 21. 63 1998 1982 17 6. 93 2005 1986 18 18. 22 2000 1982 19 25. 06 2007 1994 20 22. 14 2003 1982 21 19. 08 2005 1986 22 21. 98 2005 1986 23 8. 62 1998 2008 24 26. 44 2003 1986 25 20. 56 1998 1986 26 34. 86 2003 1986 27 16. 84 1998 1994 28 8. 09 2004 1994 29 17. 97 1998 1982 30 40. 01 2005 1994 31 19. 63 2004 1986 32 21. 94 2000 1994 33 19. 91 2006 1986 34 4. 04 1998 1986 250 km 20 50 km 100 km 200 km 1
1954 27 2. 2 1 km 1 km 100 km /h 80 km /h 60 km /h 30 km /h 1 km 1 km cost = 1 60 2 v v 1 h 2 h 3 h 3 3. 1 1 2 34 1 34 1 a 3. 2 50 km 100 km 200 km 2
11 1955 Fig. 1 1 Accessibility of the medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities by the shortest distance and time 200 km 50 km Fig. 2 2 Spatial distribution of counties accessed by medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities in 50-200 km
1956 27 50 km 100 km 200 km 34 GDP 50 km 2 34 3. 88% 7. 89% 8. 23% GDP 100 km 50 km 3 2. 89 10 8 200 km 56. 49% 56. 14% GDP 50 km GDP 100 km 200 km GDP Table 2 2 Socio-economic development of counties accessed by medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities in 50-200 km GDP /10 4 km 2 /% /10 4 GDP /% /10 8 50 km 162 37. 22 3. 88 10 481 7. 89 24 757. 73 8. 23 100 km 451 111. 70 11. 64 28 910 21. 77 60 841. 42 20. 24 200 km 1 192 282. 91 29. 47 75 021 56. 49 168 805. 40 56. 14 3. 3 /% 3 h 3 h 3 h 2 h
11 1957 2 h 3 1 h Fig. 3 3 Spatial distribution of areas accessed by medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities in 1-3 hours 3 34 1 h 53. 96 10 4 km 2 5. 62% GDP 10. 92% 11. 44% 2 h GDP 16. 06% 32. 03% 29. 20% 3 h GDP 26. 79% 56. 43% 59. 11% GDP 1 h 2 h 3 h GDP GDP Table 3 3 Socio-economic indicators of counties accessed by medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities in 1-3 hours GDP /10 4 km 2 /% /10 4 GDP /% /10 8 /% 1 h 222 53. 96 5. 62 14 498 10. 92 34 393. 20 11. 44 2 h 638 154. 19 16. 06 42 535 32. 03 89 912. 50 29. 20 3 h 1 126 257. 14 26. 79 74 946 56. 43 177 713. 09 59. 11
1958 27 4 GDP 4 5 200 km 3 h GDP 50 ~ 200 km GDP 0. 53 ~ 0. 71 0. 01 1 h GDP 0. 711 4 Fig. 4 Correlation coefficient of medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities market and socio-economic indices in accessed areas by distance 5 Fig. 5 Correlation coefficient of medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities market and socio-economic indices in accessed areas by time
11 1959 50 km GDP 0. 702 1 h 50 km GDP 0. 6 50 km GDP 0. 606 1 h GDP GDP 5 GDP References 1. 2010 M. 2010. Small City Economic Development Commission. The Report of Chinese Small and Medium Cities Development 2010 The Green Developing Road of Chinese Small and Medium Cities. Beijing Social Sciences Academic Press 2010. 2. M. 1. 1999 44-45. LI Xiao-jian LI Guo-ping ZENG Gang et al. Economic Geography. Version 1. Beijing Higher Education Press 1999 44-45. 3 Hansen W G. How accessibility shapes land use J. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 1959 25 73-76. 4 Linneker B Spence N. Road transport infrastructure and regional economic development The regional development effects of the M25 London orbital motorway J. Journal of Transport Geography 1996 4 2 77-92. 5 Gutierrez J Gonzalez R Gomez G. The European high speed train network Predicted effects on accessibility patterns J. Journal of Transport Geography 1996 4 4 227-238. 6 Bowen J. Airline hubs in Southeast Asia national economic development and modal accessibility J. Journal of Transport Geography 2000 8 25-41. 7. 20 J. 2004 59 2 293-302. JIN Feng-jun WANG Jiao-e. Railway network expansion and spatial accessibility analysis in China 1906-2000. Acta Geographica Sinica 2004 59 2 293-302. 8. J. 2005 60 6 903-910. CAO Xiao-shu XUE De-sheng YAN Xiao-pei. A study on the urban accessibility of national trunk highway system in China. Acta
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11 1961 Accessibility of Medium- and Small-sized Cultural Tourist Cities Based on Spatial Distance and Time Cost WANG Jiao-e 1 HU Hao 2 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China 2. School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Abstract Medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities are an important component part of regional tourism. Besides the attraction of scenic spots enhancing accessibility and perfecting infrastructure construction in scenic spots are very important for their tourism development. Therefore the research on accessibility of medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities is meaningful. First there are 113 cultural cities which are proved by the State Council of the People s Republic of China. The medium- and small-sized cities are defined with non-agricultural people less than 500000 in 2008. Therefore the paper gets 34 medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities as research objects. Second the paper researches the accessibility of 34 medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities from the perspective of Euclidean distance and time cost based on GIS with countiec as the basic unit. The Euclidean distance is measured by 50 km 100 km and 200 km respectively and the time cost is calculated by 1 hour 2 hours and 3 hours based on the road transport network since most tourists are distributed in 250 km from the attractions. Results indicate that the accessibility of the 34 medium-and small-sized cultural tourist cities shows disequilibrium in spatial distribution and the blank areas and overlapped areas from attractions for enjoying tourism resources exist together. For example Northeast China South China Inner Mongolia Plateau and Tibetan Plateau can t access medium- and small-size cultural tourist cities in 200 km or 3 hours. Conversely the market areas of cultural tourist cities in the Yangtze River Chengdu-Chongqing region Southwestern Shandong and West of the Taiwan Strait are overlapped in 200 km or 3 hours and the tourism resources of these areas have the potential for regional cooperation. Finally this paper calculates the correlation coefficient of tourism income tourism population of the 34 cities and the socio-economic indices in accessed areas by distance and time and the result shows that the GDP in 1 hour has the highest correlation coefficient with the tourism income and the GDP in 50 km having the highest correlation coefficient with the tourism population. In a word how to perfect the infrastructure construction of medium- and small-sized cities and enhance their accessibility has great function to expand their tourism market. Key words Euclidean distance time cost medium- and small-sized cultural tourist cities short-distance and short-time trip accessibility