苏 力 * 77 * * DOI:10.14111/j.cnki.zgfx.2013.05.002
2013 5 1 2 3 / / 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 1959 102 1959 174 1 1959 106 1988 114 1980 184 1960 193 1959 149-152 78
6 7 8 9 瑏 瑠 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 6 7 8 9 瑏 瑠 瑏 瑡 瑏 瑢 1980 133 1980 144 1980 32 1980 159 160 1959 2354-2355 1990 1119-1123 1980 96 1980 193 79
2013 5 20 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 瑏 瑣 瑏 瑤 1996 2709 1998 232 80
瑏 瑥 81 瑏 瑥 7 1959 2429-2430 8 1959 2451 7 1959 2155
2013 5 750 瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 瑏 瑦 瑏 瑧 瑏 瑨 瑏 瑩 瑐 瑠 2 1959 422 1 1962 197 10 1959 3224 1 1962 156 2007 5 82
瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 瑐 瑡 瑐 瑢 2001 14-20 4 1974 1274 1273-1277 8 83
2013 5 587 605 1300 瑐 瑣 700 瑐 瑤 瑐 瑣 瑐 瑤 2004 57-65 2002 2008 36 1990 46-49 Richard A. PosnerProblems of JurisprudenceHarvard University Press1990ch. 2. 84
瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 瑐 瑩 瑑 瑠 瑑 瑡 瑑 瑢 瑐 瑥 瑐 瑦 瑐 瑧 瑐 瑨 瑐 瑩 瑑 瑠 瑑 瑡 瑑 瑢 8 1959 2446-2447 1979 255-258 2009 29-31 2000 71-72 1979 24 500 350-400 300 150-200 7 1959 2366-2368 7 1959 2359-2362 1985 395-400 1985 59 8 1959 2533-2534 85
2013 5 瑑 瑣 瑑 瑤 瑑 瑥 瑑 瑦 瑑 瑧 瑑 瑨 瑑 瑩 瑑 瑣 瑑 瑤 瑑 瑥 瑑 瑦 瑑 瑧 瑑 瑨 瑑 瑩 1980 3 2004 566 1998 397 4 1975 934 1998 460 14 1956 6694 2012 10 15 86
瑒 瑠 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑢 瑒 瑠 瑒 瑡 瑒 瑢 1962 160 瑒 瑠 160 1 1988 311 87
2013 5 瑒 瑣 750 瑒 瑤 700 1425 55% 35% 10% 瑒 瑥 瑒 瑦 瑒 瑧 1397 52 61 瑒 瑣 瑒 瑤 瑒 瑥 瑒 瑦 瑒 瑧 1963 101 Friedrich NietzscheGay Scienceed. by Bernard Williamstrans. by Josefine NauckhoffCambridge University Press2001pp. 110-112151 110265 NietzscheBeyond Good and EvilPrelude to a Philosophy of the Future trans. by Judith Norman Cambridge University Press2002pp. 5-6. 1995 212 瑒 瑥 209 238-239 2010 7 88
瑒 瑨 瑒 瑩 1426 10% 瑒 瑨 瑒 瑩 瑒 瑥 212 1949 1948-1949 2000 354-355 89
2013 5 550 affirmative action 瑓 瑠 5 12226 30% 20% 瑓 瑡 瑓 瑢 瑓 瑠 瑓 瑡 瑓 瑢 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke438 U. S. 265 1978 1961 10925 Ping - ti HoThe Ladder of Success in Imperial China Aspects of Social Mobility 1368-1911Columbia University Press 1964 pp. 112-114. 50% 瑓 瑡 p. 256 90
/ 瑓 瑣 瑓 瑣 1960 162 1988 230 1938 10 14 2 1991 2 526 91
2013 5 1905 Abstract The consideration and discussion on elite politics run through China's ancient constitutional systems. However in ancient agricultural countrythe difficult issue of practicing elite politics wasat the all timehow to select elite institutionally fairlyaccurately and effectively rather than the issue of seeking swift horse by how talent scout. Therefore in ancient Chinadifferent dynasties formed and established unified national selection system gradually. Ancient China guaranteed the comparability of selection by using written examination which laid particular stress on knowledge test. In additionancient China still paid attention to inspect and cultivate abilities of elite. As a big country with a vast territorynumerous ethnic groupscultural diversificationand multiple intereststhe elite selection in ancient China also considered different regions such as implanting the political considerations with the representative nature into imperial examination system. 92