III V. 1. 1. 2... 4... 5. 7... 9. 15. 17. 17. 17. 17. 19. 22. 22. 23. 30. 33. 34. 35. 38. 39. 42. 43. 45 I
. 48... 55. 58. 60. 60. 61. 61. 63. 63. 64. 64... 66... 68... 69... 69... 161. 171. 188. 191 II
. 4. 19. 21. 38. 58 5-1-1 5-1-2 5-1-3 5-1-4. 82-147 age.. 82... 83... 85. 87 5-1-5. 89 5-2-1 5-2-2 5-2-3 5-2-4 5-2-5 5-2-6 5-2-7 5-2-8 5-2-9. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96... 97..... 98 5-2-10.... 99 5-2.2-1... 100 5-2.2-2.. 102 5-2.2-3.. 103 5-2.2-4.... 104 5-2.2-5.... 105 5-2.2-6.. 106 5-2.2-7.. 107 5-2.2-8.. 108 5-2.2-9.. 109 5-2.2-10.. 110 5-2.3-1.. 111 5-2.3-2.. 112 III
5-2.3-3.. 113 5-2.3-4.. 114 5-2.3-5.... 115 5-2.3-6.. 116 5-2.3-7.. 117 5-2.3-8.... 118 5-2.3-9.... 119 5-2.3-10.. 120 5-2.4-1.... 121 5-2.4-2.... 123 5-2.4-3.... 124 5-2.4-4.. 125 5-2.4-5...... 126 5-2.4-6.... 127 5-2.4-7.... 128 5-2.4-8...... 129 5-2.4-9...... 130 5-2.4-10.... 131 5-3-1. 132 5-3-2. 134 5-3-3. 135 5-3-4... 136 5-3-5... 137 5-3-6. 138 5-3-7. 139 5-3-8..... 140 5-3-9. 141 5-3-10. 142 5-4-1. 143 5-4-2. 144 5-4-3. 145 5-4-4... 146 5-4-5... 147 IV
... 39... 39. 40. 55. 63 V
,, ;,, 1. 2. 1
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(ethics) right wrong the philosophical study of morality good life What are goods? (should) (ought) (value statements) factual statements moralis morality NO.1 pp.45 (Ethics) Ethics the formal study of morality Utilitarians 5
Dentology : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 5 Praktische Philosophie 6
: morals morality [ ] < > p1-2 "ethics" "morals"(morality) "ethical" "moral" "ethos" 7
"mores" (habit) (customs) (fitting) (right) (obligatory) (moral pluralism) (moral philosophy) ( ) ( any specific set of principles ) ( the systemic reflection on morals in general ) 1982 Ethics (John M Beazley) Ethics are the principles that govern our action and morality is the practice of ethics ( ) ( ) ( Wisdom is knowing what to do next,skill is knowing how to do it, and virtue is doing it ) (Plato) p.7 ; ( 1994) : ; 8
; Utilitarianism Deontology Virtue Ethics 1. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism utilitarianism (utility) David Hume(1711-76) Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) John Mill(1806-73) consequences of the actions (Good) (right) (disutility) (the principle of utility) (The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people) consequentialism teleological theory 2. Deontology 9
10 Immanuel Kant categorical imperative (free will) :?(What kind of person should I be?) 3. (Virtue Ethics) (Virtue Ethics) (Eudaemonism); (Aristotle,384-322B.C.) ( )(Nicomachen Ethics) :
? (happiness); ; ; ( ) ( ) 19 1 pratitya-samutpada paticca-samuppada Gotama sakyamuni Buddha nidana Imasmim sati idam hoti imass uppada idam uppajjati imasmim asati idam na hoti imassa nirodha idam nirujjhati --- 11
dharma dhamma ; -- 1. 2. 3. 19 12
13...
. ; Tattvasangraha sraddha 2. Dandavaggo Samyutta-Nikaya --- 14
15 ( : ; : ( ) ( ) ; : ) ( sat-paramitah ) ( cat-varisamgraha ) ( ) 1960 applied ethics
(professions)- Abbott(1988 p8) (clients) moral philosophy 16
(Medical Ethics) (Dignity of Life) ; moral philosophy (the Code of Hammurabi) (Moses) (Mount Sinai) ; 17
8 (Priest-physician) ; Aesculapius (Troy) ( : "the Staff of Aesculapius" ) 460-377 (Dr. Hippocrates) (Code of Medical Ethics) O (World Medical Association) 18
( (The Declaration of Geneva) (Helsinki Declaration).. P.15 ( ) ( ) 19
) ( ) ( ) ; ; ; ; --- 20
.... ; : : 9 21
1979 Tom L. Beauchamp James F Childress Raanan Gillon 20 (codes for professional ethics) 1. the principle of autonomy autonomy (the principle of autonomy ) (the principle of respect for patient's autonomy) RaanaGillon (autonomy of thought) (autonomy of will) (autonomy of action) : 2. The principle of nonmaleficience 3. The principle of beneficence beneficence 22
4. The principle of justice (fairness) (desert) (entitlement) Gillon ( ) ( ) ( ). --- 23
( ) 24
" " " " 25
26 40 1.
2. 3. ; ; 4. 27
5. " " -- " 6. 7. ; 8. 9. 28
29 ( ; 10. " 1 " " " "," 2 " " " " 3 ; 4
5 11.? " 12. ( ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 30
---. 1. pan~ca vidya^-stha^ na^ni ( ) s/abda - vidya^ ( ) s/ilpakarma -vidya^ ( ) 31
ci kitsa^ -vidya^ ( ) hetu -vidya^ ( ) adhya^tma -vidya^ 2.... : --- 28 - - 32
- - -- 33
24 human 18 being person p41-43 fertilization zygote 24 46 (Pre-embryo) (blastomere) (morula) 34
8-16 (compacting) blastocyst implantation 3 48 5-9 (embryo) 14-56 (fetus) 56 (8 ) 3 14. 35
20 [1] ( ) 36
[2] : 1 2 3 4 [3] 74 : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 20 (1).. (2). 37
., biological human being social human being surrogate mother 1. 2. 38
90 8 9.? (Clone ) Dolly A ( DNA) B C A A Dolly Dolly 21 ( New Scientist-Cloning Special Report http://www.nsplus.com/nsplus/insight/clone/gaintleap.htm ) 39
90 8 9 DNA 50 22 1 2 N N 2 Human Cloning 21 40
21 Human cloning 1. 2. : : 1. 2. Dolly Dolly 3. 1. 41
2. 33 {P71-3-1} Science 1999 42
43 23.. : ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ( 76) ( autigen) ( autibody)
44 ( ) ( ) ; : 1. ( ) 2. (anuria) ( ) ( 76) (shingrafting) ( 75) (Alexis Carrel) 0
(Barnald,Chieufi) 0 17 1. 2. 3. 45
4. ; ; 46
47
2000/2 p.58 25 400 (Hospice, " ) 1902 St. Joseph's Hospice 1967 Dame Cicely Saunders St. Christopher's Hospice 48
Saint Christopher's Hospice Saint Christ Hospice Hospice 1990 Hospice 1981 Vihara 26 Hospice 27 (Hospice Care) 26 1. 2. 3. 4. 26 49
28 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 28 1. 50
2. 3. 4. 5. (hospice) 28 29 51
( ) (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) (1) (2) (3) 52
(4) ( ) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 29 24 1 (cardiopulmonary death) 2 (brain death) 3 (brain stem death) :25 1. (irreversibility) 2 (universality) 3. (non functionality) 53
4. (causality) 30 1. 2. 3. 4. Cheyne-Stokes respiration 5. 6. 7. 54
8. : 55
1.地藏菩薩本願經:...臨命終時,父母眷屬,宜為設福,以資前路...若能更為身死之 後,七七日內,廣造眾善,能使是諸眾生永離惡趣,得生人天,受勝妙樂,現在眷屬, 利益無量.是故...臨終之日慎勿殺害,乃造惡緣,祭拜鬼神,求諸魍魎.何以故,爾 所殺害,乃至祭拜,無纖毫之力利益己人,但結惡緣,轉增深重. 2.地藏菩薩本願經:若有臨命終人,家中眷屬,乃至一人,為是病人高聲念一佛名,是 命終人,除五間罪, 餘業報等悉得消除. 3.無量壽經:設我得佛,十方眾生,至心信樂,欲生我國,乃至十念,若不生者,不取正 覺,唯除五惡,誹謗正法. 4.過去現在因果經:諸行無常.是生滅法.生滅滅已.寂滅為樂.一切造善惡.皆從心想 生.是故真出家.皆以心為本.於諸福田中.佛福田為最.若欲求大果.當供佛福田 5.觀無量壽佛經:一日乃至七日,即得往生. 6.地藏菩薩本願經:未來現在諸眾生等,臨命終日,得聞一佛名,一菩薩名,一辟支佛 名,不問有罪無罪,悉得解脫. 7.識:真識.現識.分別事識. 8.華嚴經:應觀法界性,一切唯心造. 56
9. :,,,. 10. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. 11. :,,. 12. :,,,,?,,,, : 46 1558 56 1579 282 47 57
: (catvara bhavan) ( ) 48 49 48 58
1. 84 2 5 2. 3. 80 59
(euthanasia) (Webster s Dictionary) 30 (Posidipp,Ca.300B.C.) (Philo) (Sueton) 31 (felici vel honesta morte mori) (passive) (active) 1. 2. 3. 60
4. A:\.htm 61
62 p0752c apapika parajka p0752c self-adminis-trated-suicide voluntary euthanasia 50,, :, ( ) 1. ( )2.
1. 2. 3. 63
1. 2 3 1 3, 2. SPSS conventional sampling 1278 225 N=123 1626 ( ) 1 64% 27% 18% 18% 2. a 250 164 66% 3 64.4% b. 23.3% 3. 130 108 83.1% 50 64
90.7 8.9 0.4 96.7 3.3 ( ) ( ) N=1626 90 10 91 2 3000 1886 58.66% 1. 31.3561±9.8527 25-35 age Valid 14-24 25-35 36-46 47-57 58-68 69-79 Total Valid Cumulativ Frequency Percent Percent e Percent 433 26.6 26.6 26.6 763 46.9 46.9 73.6 271 16.7 16.7 90.2 131 8.1 8.1 98.3 24 1.5 1.5 99.8 4.2.2 100.0 1626 100.0 100.0 2. 49.8 Valid Total ( ) Valid Cumulativ Frequency Percent Percent e Percent 145 8.9 8.9 8.9 562 34.6 34.6 43.5 810 49.8 49.8 93.3 109 6.7 6.7 100.0 1626 100.0 100.0 65
3. 75.1 1. -- 29.1572±7.4976 40.7353±11.3893 2. 47.4070±11.9315 34.8140±11.6170 a. 458 37.5 648 53.1 82 6.7 b. 5 14.7 11 32.4 10 29.4 6 17.6 2 5.9 c. 11 12.8 31 36.0 23 26.7 18 20.9 3 3.5 d. 3 1.1 51 17.9 71 24.9 138 48.4 22 7.7 5-1-1 p83 age SPSS ANOVA Eigenvalue over 1 varimax rotation Rotated Component Matrix a 0.3 5-1-2 p84 N=1626K-M-O=0.857Tall = 0.8313 1 2. 3. 66
4. 5 6. CPR 7. 8. 9 10. 11.. 12. 13. 14. 15. 0.5 5-1-3 p86 9. 12. 13. 14. 15. 5-1-4 p88 1. CPR 2. 3. 67
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.. 68
5-1-5 p90 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 5-2-1 5-2.4-10 p91-133 69
70 1. 5-2-1 p91 1. 2. 3. 4 2. 5-2-2 p92 ( ) 3. 5-2-3 p93 4. 5-2-4 p94 5. 5-2-5 p95 6. 5-2-6 p96 1. CPR 2.51 ±1.01 CPR 2. 7. 5-2-7 p97
71 8. 5-2-8 p98 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 14 9. 5-2-9 p99 1. 2. 9. 5-2-10 p100 1. 2. 3. a 4. b 1. 5-2.2-1 p101
72 2. 5-2.2-2 p103 3. 5-2.2-3 p104 1. ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) 4. 5-2.2-4 p105 1. 2. 5. 5-2.2-5 p106 6. 5-2.2-6 p107 1. 2. 3. 7. 5-2.2-7 p108
73 1. 2. 3. 8. 5-2.2-8 p109 1. 14 2. 3. 4. 14 9. 5-2.2-9 p110 10. 5-3-10 p111 1. 2. 3. 1 5-2.3-1 p112 1.
74 2. 3. 2. 5-2.3-2 p114 3. 5-2.3-3 p115 4. 5-2.3-4 p116 5. 5-2.3-5 p117 6. 5-2.3-6 p118 7. 5-2.3-7 p119 1. 2. 3. 8. 5-2.3-8 p120 1.
2. 9. 5-2.3-9 p121 10 5-2.3-10 p122 14 79 14-24 25-35 36-46 47-57 58-68 69-79 1 5-2.4-1 p123 1. 2. 47-57 14-24 47-57 25-35 3. 14-24 25-35 36-46 4. 14-24 25-35 2. 5-2.4-2 p125 3. 5-2.4-3 p126 ( ) 4. 5-2.4-4 p127 36-46 14-24 5. 5-2.4-5 p128 75
76 36-46 14-24 6. 5-2.4-6 p129 7. 5-2.4-7 p130 1. 2. 14-24 25-35 36-46 3. 14-24 25-35 47-54 4 14-24 36-46 8. 5-2.4-8 p131 1 14 2. 36-46 14-24 9 5-2.4-9 p132 1 b c a 2. b 14-24 25-35 3. a 14-24 25-35 36-46 10. 5-2.4-10 p133
77 1. 2. 2 47-57 25-35 58-68 25-35 : 1. 5-3-1 p134 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. 5-3-2 p136 1. 2. 3. 4. 3. 5-3-3 p137 1. 2. ( ) ( )
4. 5-3-4 p138 1. 2. 5. 5-3-5 p139 1. 2. 6. 5-3-6 p140 1. 2. 3. CPR 7. 5-3-7 p141 1. 2 3. 78
4. 5. 8 5-3-8 p142 1. 14 2. 3. 4. 5. 9 5-3-9 p143 1 b a 2. a 79
80 3. c 10. 5-3-10 p144 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 5-4-1 p145 1. =.293 =-.135 =.680 p 0.001 2. =.829 =-.080 p 0.001 2. 5-4-2 p146 1. =.738 p 0.001 2. =-.047 p 0.01 =.742 =-.120 p 0.001 3 5-4-3 p147 1. =.040 p 0.05 =.622 =.139 p 0.001 2. =.731 =.104 = -.146
p 0.001 4. 5-4-4 p148 1. =-.419 =.142 =.575 p 0.001 2. =.516 =.157 =.095 p 0.001 5. 5-4-5 p149 =-.106 =.171 =.679 p 0.001 81
5-1-1 age N=1626 (age) 1626 100 31.36 9.85 1221 75.1 29.16 7.50 34 2.1 40.74 11.39 86 5.3 47.41 11.93 285 17.5 34.81 11.62 66 4.1 35.70 10.17 447 27.5 28.67 6.44 95 5.8 28.56 5.82 299 18.4 31.28 7.72 208 12.8 23.22 4.22 516 31.7 34.92 11.09 89 5.5 31.15 8.52 30 1.8 41.83 16.76 252 15.5 30.28 8.32 193 11.9 29.96 8.79 439 27 27.79 7.38 107 6.6 31.11 8.50 22 1.4 50.36 17.09 123 7.6 40.84 11.90 562 34.6 31.70 8.87 810 49.8 28.77 8.35 109 6.7 34.27 8.76 971 59.7 26.19 6.09 114 7 34.07 8.31 528 32.5 40.02 9.21 13 0.8 41.38 11.73 1109 68.2 30.37 8.80 517 31.8 33.46 11.53 19 1.2 39.47 11.48 4 0.2 37.00 2.16 6 0.4 61.67 13.78 607 37.3 34.00 11.03 990 60.9 29.37 8.14 82
5-1-2 N=1626 K-M-O=0.857 Tall = 0.8313 Cronbach s 7 7.149 12.766 12.766 0.759 0.695 0.695 0.680 0.670 0.606 0.584 0.385 4 0.818 0.805 0.778 5.173 9.238 22.004 0.874 0.774 4 3.368 6.015 28.018 0.823 0.820 0.806 0.774 0.766 3 0.844 0.826 2.31 4.125 32.143 0.862 0.751 3 2.067 3.69 35.834 0.835 0.872 0.834 0.771 4 1.699 3.033 38.867 0.727 0.722 CPR 0.651 0.633 0.552 6 1.628 2.907 41.774 0.571 0.650 0.607 0.571 0.516 0.468 0.330 4 1.536 2.743 44.517 0.558 83
0.695 0.694 0.558 0.392 3 1.427 2.547 47.065 0.427 0.666 0.634 0.593 3 0.798 0.679 0.668 3 0.812 0.781 0.461 1.38 2.465 49.53 0.694 1.222 2.182 51.711 0.617 3 0.715 1.188 2.121 53.833 0.462 0.603 0.350 3 1.103 1.969 55.802 0.336 0.682 0.573 0.553 2 1.032 1.842 57.644 0.403 0.715 0.638 2 1.027 1.833 59.477 0.214 0.614 0.313 84
5-1-3 0.635 0.735 0.524 0.695 0.576 0.676 0.528 0.664 0.558 0.657 0.406 0.591 0.247 0.354 0.740 0.831 0.734 0.812 0.710 0.805 0.698 0.770 0.689 0.818 0.672 0.796 0.679 0.782 0.675 0.769 0.811 0.855 0.756 0.820 0.731 0.774 0.823 0.893 0.776 0.854 0.691 0.784 0.672 0.771 0.639 0.644 CPR 0.517 0.640 0.560 0.559 0.540 0.674 0.562 0.585 0.579 0.578 0.600 0.519 0.458 0.500 0.567 0.715 0.586 0.711 0.458 0.591 85
0.406 0.373 0.691 0.811 0.587 0.666 0.653 0.692 0.706 0.800 0.685 0.795 0.487 0.466 6.18 4.54 3.06 2.16 1.84 1.62 1.47 1.33 1.33 1.08 15.44 11.35 7.65 5.40 4.61 4.04 3.67 3.33 3.32 2.71 15.44 26.79 34.44 39.84 44.45 48.49 52.16 55.49 58.80 61.52 Cronba 0.81 0.78 0.87 0.82 0.86 0.84 0.73 0.59 0.56 0.69 0.62 N=1626 KMO=0.853 Cronba Cronbach s 86
5-1-4 N=1626 KMO=0.853 0.725 0.533 0.709 0.528 0.642 0.453 0.604 0.422 0.532 0.418 0.517 0.382 0.495 0.256 0.475 0.479 0.469 0.249 0.406 0.226 CPR 0.369 0.241 0.341 0.200 0.332 0.199 0.730 0.552 0.713 0.518 0.644 0.428 0.627 0.408 0.622 0.410 0.539 0.291 0.532 0.343 0.525 0.305 0.516 0.349 0.511 0.315 0.312 0.171 0.299 0.256 0.686 0.481 0.637 0.471 0.555 0.429 0.532 0.440 0.526 0.307 0.517 0.314 0.507 0.518 0.409 0.239 0.370 0.206 0.358 0.147 0.302 0.126 0.321 0.382 0.200 6.314E-02 87
6.1759 4.541 3.060 15.440 11.352 7.649 15.440 26.792 34.441 Cronba 0.823 0.801 0.708 88
5-1-5 1 2 3 4 5 1. 1.8916 0.4849 0.7836 2. 2.2137 0.8285.301 0.8741 3.3.2152 0.8692 -.049.082 0.8228 4.3.8693 0.9389 -.178-0.015.325 0.8618 5.2.6426 0.9151.093.210.184.241 0.835 6.2.1275 0.6579.487.455 0.013 -.083 0.024 0.726 7.3.0871 0.5903-0.017 -.217-0.013 -.070.051 8. 2.4291 0.6081.233.249.175.165.198 9.2.3186 0.6506.295.086 0.045 0.027.230 10. 2.3186 0.6506.295.086 0.045 0.027.230 11. 2.1542 0.5054.460.803.121 0.025.212 12. 3.2585 0.5862 -.087.125.721.697.618 13. 2.3022 0.3903.732.191-0.011 -.156.169 1..* P 0.05 ** P 0.01 2. 89
5-2-1 F p Scheffe 1 1.6863.6079 2.330.073 2 1.5000.5075 3 1.5930.5397 4 1.7298.5573 1 1.9119.7063 1.996.113 2 2.0882 1.1110 3 1.8953.5745 4 2.0071.7096 1 1.6330.6234 1.701.165 2 1.4706.7065 3 1.6163.6168 4 1.6961.6069 1 1.8368.7386 3.144.024 2 1.7059.6755 3 1.6860.6732 4 1.9298.6833 1 1.9614.7776 6.327.000 2 1.6765.5888 3 1.7326.6024 4 2.0739.7218 1 1.9484.8127 5.963.000 2 2.1471 1.0483 3 1.7209.5006 4 2.0912.7161 1 2.1705.8978 4.114.006 2 2.2647.9312 3 2.2706.8506 4 2.3723.8518 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 90
5-2-2 F p 1 2.4150 1.0369.383.765 2 2.3529 1.1516 3 2.5059.9955 4 2.3786.9195 Tall 2.4121 1.0173 Scheffe 1 2.0452.9681 2.911.033 2 2.0294 1.0867 3 2.3059 1.0804 4 1.9576.8283 Tall 2.0432.9558 1 2.3873 1.0513.164.921 2 2.3333 1.2162 3 2.4588 1.0299 4 2.3972.9423 Tall 2.3917 1.0348 1 1.9934.9041 1.620.183 2 2.1176 1.0664 3 2.1860.8746 4 1.9683.7536 Tall 2.0019.8823 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 91
5-2-3 F p Scheffe 1 3.1242 1.1575.879.451 2 3.0345 1.1175 3 3.3210 1.1048 4 3.1014 1.1268 Tall 3.1286 1.1488 1 2.8655 1.0633.884.449 2 2.7576 1.1465 3 3.0116 1.1007 4 2.8121 1.0487 Tall 2.8617 1.0644 1 3.3294 1.0495 4.239.005 2 3.2727 1.1531 3 3.7108.9819 4 3.2491 1.0464 Tall 3.3340 1.0509 1 3.6339.9999 1.219.301 2 3.4828.8710 3 3.6582 1.0239 4 3.5152 1.0243 Tall 3.6117 1.0034 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 92
5-2-4 F P Scheffe 1 3.8841 1.0547.438.726 2 3.7647 1.1822 3 3.9884.9267 4 3.9014 1.0385 Tall 3.8902 1.0478 1 3.6246 1.1981 2.218.084 2 3.4848 1.3947 3 3.9176 1.0260 4 3.7218 1.0945 Tall 3.6543 1.1777 1 4.0567.9550.697.554 2 3.9412 1.0714 3 4.1860.8333 4 4.0702.9204 Tall 4.0635.9453 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 93
5-2-5 F p Scheffe 1 2.6801 1.1117.573.633 2 2.6471 1.2031 3 2.7791 1.0221 4 2.6140.9957 Tall 2.6730 1.0892 1 2.7631 1.0863.348.790 2 2.7353 1.2865 3 2.8023.9433 4 2.6982 1.0141 Tall 2.7532 1.0708 1 2.4791 1.0341 1.262.286 2 2.5000.9614 3 2.6824.9538 4 2.5406.8918 Tall 2.5009 1.0055 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 94
5-2-6 F p Scheffe 1 2.3516.9534.500.683 2 2.3529 1.0977 3 2.4824 1.0306 4 2.3559.9111 Tall 2.3593.9532 1 1.8811.7304 1.740.157 2 1.9118.6212 3 1.9529.8151 4 1.9859.6840 Tall 1.9038.7256 1 2.2600 1.0286 5.716.001 2 2.6471 1.1516 CPR 3 2.3372 1.0472 4 2.5088 1.0126 Tall 2.3159 1.0339 1 1.8876.7676 4.838.002 2 1.8824.8796 3 2.0116.8744 4 2.0775.8328 Tall 1.9273.7904 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 95
5-2-7 F p Scheffe 1 2.7409.9999 3.323.019 2 2.8529 1.0190 3 2.4070.9986 4 2.7641.9968 1 3.6169.8776.392.759 2 3.6667.8539 3 3.6395.8248 4 3.6761.7709 1 3.2251.9554 6.969.000 2 2.9394 1.2232 3 2.7619 1.0252 4 3.1886.8763 1 3.3289.9663.220.883 2 3.3939 1.1974 3 3.2941 1.0098 4 3.3675.8459 1 2.5387 1.0152.145.933 2 2.5000 1.1348 3 2.6047 1.0091 4 2.5548 1.0174 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 96
5-2-8 F p Scheffe 1 2.3097.9257 5.840.001 2 2.4516 1.1500 3 2.7326.9000 4 2.3630.8803 Tall 2.3443.9255 1 2.0783.8163 9.104.000 2 2.1818.9505 3 2.4337.7018 4 2.2837.7529 Tall 2.1347.8090 1 2.3037 1.0541 6.290.000 2 2.5758 1.2755 3 2.7952 1.1017 4 2.3463.9603 Tall 2.3420 1.0508 1 2.8326.8470 7.770.000 2 3.1613 1.0984 3 3.1098.7028 4 3.0360.7592 Tall 2.8890.8363 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 97
5-2-9 F p Scheffe 1 2.3883.8668 1.503.212 2 2.3793.9788 3 2.5000.8178 4 2.4981.7693 Tall 2.4125.8511 1 2.1055.7269 2.623.049 2 1.8485.6671 3 2.2125.7238 4 2.1708.6964 Tall 2.1170.7214 1 2.4679.8712 12.046.000 2 2.1667 1.0532 3 2.1325.7452 4 2.7094.8497 Tall 2.4853.8743 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 98
5-2-10 F p Scheffe 1 2.5467 1.0452 10.917.000 2 2.9412 1.0428 3 3.1786 1.1318 4 2.5993.9941 Tall 2.5973 1.0507 1 2.9991 1.1415 6.585.000 2 3.2581 1.2902 3 3.5972 1.0436 4 3.0198 1.1620 Tall 3.0365 1.1500 1 1.6642.7610 13.880.000 2 2.0625 1.1053 3 2.1412 1.0253 4 1.8429.8532 Tall 1.7283.8108 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 99
5-2.2-1 F p Scheffe 1 1.7586.6267 2.073.102 2 1.7117.5990 3 1.6506.5821 4 1.7064.6132 1 2.0694.8980 2.077.101 2 1.9055.6735 3 1.9255.7032 4 1.9259.6795 1 1.7500.6742 2.207.085 2 1.6453.6330 3 1.6114.6076 4 1.6759.5932 1 1.8621.7034.919.431 2 1.8699.7165 3 1.8319.7439 4 1.7523.6688 1 1.9379.6894.467.705 2 1.9376.7132 3 1.9814.8058 4 1.9908.7391 1 2.1172.8208 2.677.046 2 1.9804.7952 3 1.9235.7871 4 2.0000.7577 1 2.4615.9697 5.581.001 > 2 2.2250.8889 > 3 2.1483.8676 4 2.3028.9078 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 100
5-2.2-2 F p Scheffe 1 2.4375 1.0223.777.507 2 2.3594.9986 3 2.4389 1.0335 4 2.4537.9895 Tall 2.4121 1.0173 1 2.1538 1.0299 1.015.385 2 2.0089.9206 3 2.0396.9678 4 2.1009.9423 Tall 2.0432.9558 1 2.3873.9954 1.654.175 2 2.3207 1.0026 3 2.4248 1.0561 4 2.5138 1.0768 Tall 2.3917 1.0348 1 2.1931.9376 3.243.021 2 1.9644.8047 3 1.9801.9099 4 2.1009.9520 Tall 2.0019.8823 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 101
5-2.2-3 F p Scheffe 1 3.0970 1.1690.641.589 2 3.1749 1.1149 3 3.1157 1.1638 4 3.0278 1.1876 Tall 3.1286 1.1488 1 2.8750 1.0436 4.147.006 > 2 2.9838 1.0482 3 2.7920 1.0689 4 2.7339 1.0941 Tall 2.8617 1.0644 1 3.5461 1.0034 8.576.000 > 2 3.4599 1.0173 > 3 3.2411 1.0442 > 4 3.0935 1.2095 > Tall 3.3340 1.0509 1 3.6538 1.0321 2.770.040 2 3.6935.9221 3 3.5737 1.0230 4 3.4272 1.1766 Tall 3.6117 1.0034 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 102
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. 1.892 0.485 (0.784) 2. 2.214 0.828.301 (0.874) 3. 3.215 0.869 -.049.082 (0.823) 4. 3.869 0.939 -.178 -.015.325 (0.862) 5. 2.643 0.915.093.210.184.241 (0.835) 6. 2.128 0.658.487.455.013 -.083.024 (0.727) 7. 3.087 0.590-0.017 -.217 -.013 -.070.051 -.119 (0.585) 8. 2.429 0.608.233.249.175.165.198.228 -.103 (0.558) 9. 2.318 0.651.295.086.045.027.230.095.148.079 (0.694) 10. 2.319 0.651.295.086.045.027.230.095.148.079 1.000 (0.617) 11. 2.154 0.505.460.803.121.025.212.724 -.243.544.119.119 (0.823) 12. 3.259 0.586 -.087.125.721.697.618 -.017.007.234.128.128.167 (0.801) 13. 2.302 0.390.732.191 -.01 -.156.169.321.426.229.626.626.284 -.023 (0.708) 1..* P 0.05 ** P 0.01 2. 90
5-2.2-4 F P Scheffe 1 3.9792.9928 5.154.002 > 2 3.9839.9597 > 3 3.8490 1.0628 4 3.5963 1.3411 Tall 3.8902 1.0478 1 3.8264 1.0665 8.678.000 > 2 3.8165 1.0833 > 3 3.5466 1.2163 > 4 3.3945 1.3541 Tall 3.6543 1.1777 1 4.0966.9077 1.654.175 2 4.1036.8791 3 4.0532.9568 4 3.8899 1.1968 Tall 4.0635.9453 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 104
5-2.2-5 F p Scheffe 1 2.6207.9507 3.537.014 2 2.5954 1.0187 3 2.7580 1.1482 4 2.5093 1.1232 Tall 2.6730 1.0892 1 2.7724.9842 1.585.191 2 2.6868 1.0298 3 2.8062 1.0998 4 2.6759 1.1587 Tall 2.7532 1.0708 1 2.5278.8523 2.610.050 2 2.4260.9153 3 2.5637 1.0734 4 2.3853 1.0879 Tall 2.5009 1.0055 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 105
5-2.2-6 F p Scheffe 1 2.5887 1.0287 3.498.015 > 2 2.3761.9540 3 2.3127.9465 4 2.3211.8594 Tall 2.3593.9532 1 2.0211.6465 4.661.003 > 2 1.9680.7686 3 1.8453.7037 4 1.8532.7178 Tall 1.9038.7256 1 2.3862 1.0287 2.301.076 2 2.2335.9950 CPR 3 2.3407 1.0477 4 2.4630 1.1143 Tall 2.3159 1.0339 1 2.0966.8766 3.095.026 > 2 1.9466.8082 3 1.8860.7600 4 1.9083.7763 Tall 1.9273.7904 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 106
5-2.2-7 F p Scheffe 1 2.7724 1.1471 3.807.010 > 2 2.6409.9370 3 2.8030 1.0134 4 2.5794.9909 1 3.5417.7922 1.236.295 2 3.6601.7945 3 3.6369.8859 4 3.5321 1.0053 1 3.0000 1.0282 4.609.003 > 2 3.1986.9002 3 3.2441.9626 4 2.9722 1.0542 1 3.3147.9888 1.485.217 2 3.3625.9026 3 3.3441.9643 4 3.1560 1.0644 1 2.5724 1.1946 2.175.089 2 2.4581.9740 3 2.5995 1.0038 4 2.5413 1.0588 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 107
5-2.2-8 F p Scheffe 1 2.6690 1.0295 11.056.000 2 2.4252.9089 3 2.2391.8878 4 2.2844 1.0101 Tall 2.3443.9255 1 2.3786.8264 13.263.000 2 2.2442.8100 3 2.0398.8017 4 1.9633.6929 Tall 2.1347.8090 1 2.7361 1.1707 13.111.000 2 2.4427 1.0376 3 2.2267 1.0190 4 2.1560 1.0108 Tall 2.3420 1.0508 1 3.2059.8871 8.411.000 2 2.8945.8384 3 2.8235.8144 4 2.9439.8336 Tall 2.8890.8363 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 108
5-2.2-9 F p Scheffe 1 2.4878.8996.407.748 2 2.4000.7889 3 2.4134.8771 4 2.3810.9028 Tall 2.4125.8511 1 2.1168.7078.348.791 2 2.1354.7152 3 2.0999.7211 4 2.1509.7782 Tall 2.1170.7214 1 2.3538.9306 2.327.073 2 2.4447.7943 3 2.5374.9069 4 2.4630.9215 Tall 2.4853.8743 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 109
5-2.2-10 F p Scheffe 1 3.1111 1.1594 15.979.000 2 2.6457 1.0074 3 2.4981 1.0333 4 2.3981 1.0316 Tall 2.5973 1.0507 1 3.2705 1.2131 3.954.008 2 3.1142 1.1142 3 2.9495 1.1474 4 3.0283 1.2147 Tall 3.0365 1.1500 1 2.0851 1.0385 10.682.000 2 1.6786.7745 3 1.6927.7667 4 1.7850.8690 Tall 1.7283.8108 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 110
5-2.3-1 F p Scheffe 1 1.6735.6020 3.072.027 2 1.6316.5528 3 1.7273.5888 4 1.3077.4804 1 1.9411.7221 1.155.326 2 1.8158.5415 3 1.9408.7227 4 1.8462.8006 1 1.6305.6313 2.518.057 2 1.5702.6376 3 1.6800.6025 4 1.3077.4804 1 1.8454.7567 1.173.319 2 1.7345.6816 3 1.8636.6779 4 1.6923.6304 1 2.0155.7824 4.130.006 2 1.8772.7659 3 1.8920.7116 4 1.6923.6304 1 1.9907.8078 1.206.306 2 1.9386.8014 3 1.9318.7614 4 1.6923.7511 1 2.1722.8705 3.426.017 2 2.1140.8389 3 2.3124.9316 4 2.0833.9003 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 111
5-2.3-2 F p Scheffe 1 2.4342 1.0491.862.460 2 2.4825.9887 3 2.3562.9575 4 2.4167 1.2401 Tall 2.4121 1.0173 1 2.0330.9770 1.805.144 2 2.1858 1.0569 3 2.0419.8964 4 1.5833.5149 Tall 2.0432.9558 1 2.4481 1.0690 2.694.045 2 2.3661 1.0569 3 2.2906.9547 4 2.5000 1.1677 Tall 2.3917 1.0348 1 2.0062.9186.544.652 2 2.0088.8608 3 2.0000.8227 4 1.6923.6304 Tall 2.0019.8823 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 112
5-2.3-3 F p Scheffe 1 3.1200 1.1478.392.759 2 3.0545 1.1560 3 3.1556 1.1458 4 3.3333 1.3707 Tall 3.1286 1.1488 1 2.8506 1.0622 1.970.117 2 2.9825 1.0888 3 2.8410 1.0549 4 3.4615 1.2659 Tall 2.8617 1.0644 1 3.3095 1.0383 1.108.345 2 3.4234 1.1485 3 3.3503 1.0463 4 3.7500 1.2881 Tall 3.3340 1.0509 1 3.5764 1.0137 2.076.101 2 3.6111 1.0216 3 3.6660.9794 4 4.1667.8348 Tall 3.6117 1.0034 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 113
5-2.3-4 F P Scheffe 1 3.8278 1.0771 3.283.020 2 3.8860 1.1032 3 4.0019.9729 4 4.0769.9541 Tall 3.8902 1.0478 1 3.5358 1.2060 9.743.000 2 3.6228 1.2437 3 3.8716 1.0788 4 4.0000 1.0801 Tall 3.6543 1.1777 1 4.0516.9586.413.744 2 4.0088.9730 3 4.0951.9126 4 4.1538 1.0682 Tall 4.0635.9453 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 114
5-2.3-5 F p Scheffe 1 2.7278 1.1110 2.880.035 2 2.6579 1.0029 3 2.5674 1.0549 4 3.0000 1.2910 Tall 2.6730 1.0892 1 2.7673 1.0771.718.541 2 2.7807 1.0951 3 2.7135 1.0571 4 3.0769.9541 Tall 2.7532 1.0708 1 2.5433 1.0303 1.568.195 2 2.4298 1.0302 3 2.4354.9515 4 2.6154.9608 Tall 2.5009 1.0055 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 115
5-2.3-6 F p Scheffe 1 2.3831.9768 1.259.287 2 2.3451.9615 3 2.3282.9084 4 1.9167.7930 Tall 2.3593.9532 1 1.8751.7243 2.755.041 2 1.9211.6931 3 1.9619.7352 4 1.5385.5189 Tall 1.9038.7256 1 2.3429 1.0526 1.486.216 2 2.2212 1.0241 CPR 3 2.2979 1.0040 4 1.8462.8006 Tall 2.3159 1.0339 1 1.9093.7882 2.159.091 2 1.9474.7853 3 1.9677.7958 4 1.4615.6602 Tall 1.9273.7904 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 116
5-2.3-7 F p Scheffe 1 2.7903.9574 3.892.009 2 2.5841 1.0916 3 2.6609 1.0432 4 2.2308 1.3634 1 3.6749.8747 4.436.004 2 3.3772.9350 3 3.6008.7882 4 3.6154 1.0439 1 3.2237.9492 3.852.009 2 2.9375.9706 3 3.1880.9581 4 2.7692 1.0919 1 3.3557.9521 2.303.075 2 3.1579 1.0440 3 3.3461.9268 4 2.9231 1.1152 1 2.6209.9963 4.953.002 2 2.4602 1.0180 3 2.4305 1.0473 4 2.1538.8006 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 117
5-2.3-8 F p Scheffe 1 2.2734.8841 6.102.000 2 2.5965 1.0452 3 2.4135.9477 4 2.6154 1.3253 Tall 2.3443.9255 1 2.0869.7807 2.918.033 2 2.2411.8621 3 2.1985.8389 4 2.2308 1.0127 Tall 2.1347.8090 1 2.2961 1.0368 2.271.079 2 2.3304 1.0937 3 2.4187 1.0553 4 2.7692 1.3634 Tall 2.3420 1.0508 1 2.8734.8016.885.448 2 2.8468.8655 3 2.9209.8887 4 3.1538.9871 Tall 2.8890.8363 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 118
5-2.3-9 F p Scheffe 1 2.4138.8597 2.315.074 2 2.2752.8150 3 2.4517.8372 4 2.0000.9129 Tall 2.4125.8511 1 2.1160.7102.636.592 2 2.1171.7476 3 2.1257.7325 4 1.8462.8987 Tall 2.1170.7214 1 2.5212.8754 2.427.064 2 2.2973.8696 3 2.4615.8672 4 2.3846.9608 Tall 2.4853.8743 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 119
5-2.3-10 F p Scheffe 1 2.5602 1.0198 2.100.098 2 2.8182 1.1185 3 2.6188 1.0848 4 2.6154 1.1929 Tall 2.5973 1.0507 1 2.9871 1.1291 1.539.203 2 3.0769 1.2595 3 3.1228 1.1591 4 3.1667 1.3371 Tall 3.0365 1.1500 1 1.7287.7743.659.577 2 1.8246.9616 3 1.7075.8445 4 1.6923.6304 Tall 1.7283.8108 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 120
5-2.4-1 p125 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 1.6975.6074 2.709.019 2.25-35 1.6435.5875 3.36-46 1.7048.5849 4.47-57 1.8168.5657 5.58-68 1.8750.7409 6.69-79 1.5000.5774 Tall 1.6851.5947 1.14-24 1.9628.6749 2.839.015 2.25-35 1.8765.6962 3.36-46 1.9591.7836 4.47-57 2.0231.6873 5.58-68 2.2917.9991 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 1.9314.7119 1.14-24 1.6120.6398 3.482.004 47-57 14-24 2.25-35 1.6071.6043 47-57 25-35 3.36-46 1.6691.6216 4.47-57 1.8231.5902 5.58-68 1.8333.8681 6.69-79 1.7500.5000 Tall 1.6397.6224 1.14-24 1.8380.7316.148.981 2.25-35 1.8493.7509 3.36-46 1.8444.6829 4.47-57 1.8244.6383 5.58-68 1.7500.8470 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 1.8424.7261 1.14-24 2.1389.8310 6.736.000 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 1.9065.7268 14-24 36-46 3.36-46 1.8561.7236 4.47-57 1.9466.7266 5.58-68 1.8750.6124 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 1.9630.7600 1.14-24 2.0855.8191 2.893.013 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 1.9083.7966 3.36-46 1.9520.7897 4.47-57 1.9466.6600 5.58-68 1.8750.7409 121
6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 1.9656.7923 1.14-24 2.1640.8297 2.937.012 2.25-35 2.1640.9073 3.36-46 2.3507.9422 4.47-57 2.3740.8887 5.58-68 2.2609.6887 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 2.2128.8908 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 122
5-2.4-2 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 2.4432 1.0436.422.834 2.25-35 2.3818 1.0240 3.36-46 2.4074.9702 4.47-57 2.5000 1.0058 5.58-68 2.3750.9696 6.69-79 2.5000 1.0000 Tall 2.4121 1.0173 1.14-24 2.0162.9788 2.523.028 2.25-35 1.9908.9326 3.36-46 2.1045.9502 4.47-57 2.2748.9927 5.58-68 2.2500 1.0321 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 2.0432.9558 1.14-24 2.4721 1.0808.950.448 2.25-35 2.3633 1.0178 3.36-46 2.3371 1.0399 4.47-57 2.3953.9554 5.58-68 2.5000 1.1421 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 2.3917 1.0348 1.14-24 1.9606.9355 1.989.077 2.25-35 1.9763.8457 3.36-46 2.0295.8772 4.47-57 2.1692.8639 5.58-68 2.3333 1.1293 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 2.0019.8823 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 123
5-2.4-3 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 3.0471 1.1317 1.191.311 2.25-35 3.1553 1.1647 3.36-46 3.1489 1.1333 4.47-57 3.2302 1.1325 5.58-68 3.1364 1.2458 6.69-79 2.2500.5000 Tall 3.1286 1.1488 1.14-24 2.7870 1.0623 1.629.149 2.25-35 2.8780 1.0567 3.36-46 2.8593 1.0572 4.47-57 2.9690 1.0964 5.58-68 3.2500 1.2247 6.69-79 2.2500.5000 Tall 2.8617 1.0644 1.14-24 3.2324 1.0267 2.375.037 2.25-35 3.3495 1.0690 3.36-46 3.3385 1.0802 4.47-57 3.4762.9610 5.58-68 3.7500.9441 6.69-79 4.0000.0000 Tall 3.3340 1.0509 1.14-24 3.5409.9883 1.724.126 2.25-35 3.6321 1.0193 3.36-46 3.6527.9834 4.47-57 3.7059.9420 5.58-68 3.2273 1.2318 6.69-79 4.3333.5774 Tall 3.6117 1.0034 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 124
5-2.4-4 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 3.8337 1.0297 1.070.375 2.25-35 3.8750 1.0835 3.36-46 4.0037 1.0166 4.47-57 3.9542.9187 5.58-68 3.7917 1.1788 6.69-79 3.7500 1.2583 Tall 3.8902 1.0478 1.14-24 3.4545 1.1922 5.170.000 36-46 14-24 2.25-35 3.6706 1.1946 3.36-46 3.8801 1.1005 4.47-57 3.7176 1.1044 5.58-68 3.9583 1.0826 6.69-79 3.0000 1.1547 Tall 3.6543 1.1777 1.14-24 4.0785.9018.263.933 2.25-35 4.0499.9842 3.36-46 4.1004.9310 4.47-57 4.0382.8718 5.58-68 4.0000 1.0215 6.69-79 3.7500 1.2583 Tall 4.0635.9453 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 125
5-2.4-5 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 2.8380 1.1365 3.795.002 36-46 14-24 2.25-35 2.6592 1.0816 3.36-46 2.5519 1.0504 4.47-57 2.5420 1.0470 5.58-68 2.2917.8065 6.69-79 2.2500.5000 Tall 2.6730 1.0892 1.14-24 2.8430 1.0751 1.762.118 2.25-35 2.7484 1.0866 3.36-46 2.7259 1.0485 4.47-57 2.5802 1.0225 5.58-68 2.6667.9631 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 2.7532 1.0708 1.14-24 2.6166 1.0545 1.973.080 2.25-35 2.4790 1.0125 3.36-46 2.4613.9454 4.47-57 2.3538.9223 5.58-68 2.3478.8847 6.69-79 2.5000.5774 Tall 2.5009 1.0055 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 126
5-2.4-6 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 2.3349.9482.875.497 2.25-35 2.3509.9482 3.36-46 2.3532.9531 4.47-57 2.4651.9846 5.58-68 2.6250 1.0959 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 2.3593.9532 1.14-24 1.8403.6846 2.056.068 2.25-35 1.8963.7311 3.36-46 1.9440.7399 4.47-57 2.0382.7687 5.58-68 2.0833.8297 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 1.9038.7256 1.14-24 2.4203 1.0774 1.722.126 2.25-35 2.2480 1.0279 CPR 3.36-46 2.2989 1.0015 4.47-57 2.3846.9756 5.58-68 2.4167 1.0598 6.69-79 2.2500.5000 Tall 2.3159 1.0339 1.14-24 1.8912.7942 2.608.023 2.25-35 1.8857.7549 3.36-46 2.0148.8343 4.47-57 2.0458.8308 5.58-68 2.2083.8836 6.69-79 2.2500 1.2583 Tall 1.9273.7904 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 127
5-2.4-7 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 2.8910.9498 4.274.001 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 2.6895.9704 14-24 36-46 3.36-46 2.6966 1.1078 4.47-57 2.4923 1.0211 5.58-68 2.6667 1.1293 6.69-79 3.2500 1.5000 1.14-24 3.7593.8188 4.115.001 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 3.5879.8839 14-24 47-57 3.36-46 3.6519.8026 4.47-57 3.4154.8517 5.58-68 3.5417.9315 6.69-79 3.5000 1.0000 1.14-24 3.3907.8933 5.777.000 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 3.1292.9525 14-24 36-46 3.36-46 3.0669 1.0015 4.47-57 3.1613.9827 5.58-68 2.9167 1.1001 6.69-79 3.2500.9574 1.14-24 3.5128.9146 4.706.000 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 3.2658.9619 14-24 47-57 3.36-46 3.3383.9467 4.47-57 3.1783.9474 5.58-68 3.1667 1.0901 6.69-79 3.2500.9574 1.14-24 2.6852.9979 2.984.011 14-24 36-46 2.25-35 2.5336 1.0032 3.36-46 2.4148 1.0517 4.47-57 2.4385 1.0039 5.58-68 2.3750 1.2446 6.69-79 2.5000 1.0000 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 128
5-2.4-8 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 2.1930.8122 4.125.001 2.25-35 2.3704.9380 3.36-46 2.4173.9918 4.47-57 2.4651.9441 5.58-68 2.7083 1.1602 6.69-79 2.7500 1.5000 Tall 2.3443.9255 1.14-24 2.0510.7546 3.452.004 36-46 14-24 2.25-35 2.1145.8254 3.36-46 2.2669.8689 4.47-57 2.2063.6849 5.58-68 2.4583.9771 6.69-79 2.0000.0000 Tall 2.1347.8090 1.14-24 2.1953 1.0146 3.792.002 36-46 14-24 2.25-35 2.3360 1.0384 3.36-46 2.4737 1.1131 4.47-57 2.5344 1.0400 5.58-68 2.6250 1.1349 6.69-79 2.5000 1.0000 Tall 2.3420 1.0508 1.14-24 2.8738.7731 2.781.017 2.25-35 2.8453.8397 3.36-46 2.9537.9096 4.47-57 2.9754.8279 5.58-68 3.2609.9154 6.69-79 3.7500.5000 Tall 2.8890.8363 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 129
5-2.4-9 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 2.5667.8782 6.304.000 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 2.3104.8290 3.36-46 2.3636.8031 4.47-57 2.5752.9044 5.58-68 2.6500.8127 6.69-79 2.5000.7071 Tall 2.4125.8511 1.14-24 2.1818.7231 2.685.020 2.25-35 2.0675.7114 3.36-46 2.1412.7370 4.47-57 2.0945.6599 5.58-68 2.4348.9921 6.69-79 1.5000.7071 Tall 2.1170.7214 1.14-24 2.7698.9039 13.149.000 14-24 25-35 2.25-35 2.3710.8233 14-24 36-46 3.36-46 2.3643.8410 4.47-57 2.5086.9555 5.58-68 2.2857.7838 6.69-79 2.2500.5000 Tall 2.4853.8743 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 130
5-2.4-10 F p Scheffe 1.14-24 2.5684 1.0113 2.705.019 2.25-35 2.5849 1.0594 3.36-46 2.5509 1.0327 4.47-57 2.7252 1.0888 5.58-68 3.2917 1.2676 6.69-79 2.7500.9574 Tall 2.5973 1.0507 1.14-24 2.9880 1.0867 2.820.015 2.25-35 2.9877 1.1690 3.36-46 3.1116 1.1728 4.47-57 3.2613 1.1733 5.58-68 3.7222 1.0741 6.69-79 3.5000.7071 Tall 3.0365 1.1500 1.14-24 1.7930.8029 7.159.000 47-57 25-35 2.25-35 1.6377.7526 58-68 25-35 3.36-46 1.7127.8139 4.47-57 1.9845.9999 5.58-68 2.2727 1.0771 6.69-79 1.7500.5000 Tall 1.7283.8108 P 0.05 P 0.01 P 0.001 131
5-3-1.1 P P P P -.063.193 -.091.063 -.077.116 -.015.754 -.152.003 -.111.032 -.140.006 -.070.177 -.073.029 -.069.040 -.068.042 -.071.035.020.553.062.066.063.062.002.958 -.021.436 -.026.321 -.017.522 -.037.168.142.000.100.000.140.000.087.001.053.121.056.106.114.001 -.004.909.160.003.079.147.132.015.115.035 -.019.501.043.142 -.026.371.003.911.135.006.096.052.115.019.138.005 F 5.459 3.315 6.043 2.747 P.000.000.000.002 R.181.142.190.129 R2.033.020.036.017 Adj R2.027.014.030.011 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 : 132
5-3-1.1.1 P P P -.058.232 -.127.009 -.096.050 -.095.063 -.217.000 -.150.004 -.047.162 -.086.010 -.041.221.051.130.036.278 -.024.471 -.004.889.009.725 -.041.121.150.000.109.000.035.179 -.089.010 -.077.024.024.498.091.092.139.010.031.572 -.020.480.069.017.001.974.136.005.180.000.086.081 F 6.989 5.704 3.134 P.000.000.001 R.204.185.138 R2.042.034.019 Adj R2.036.028.013 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 133
5-3-2 P P P P -.035.472 -.040.412 -.029.560 -.101.039.015.777 -.029.575.017.745 -.095.067.017.615 -.012.716.039.250 -.019.572.058.103.079.025.086.016.091.010.034.207.058.029.019.477.023.398 -.066.012.043.101 -.040.124 -.005.848.050.183.114.002.025.500.111.003 -.023.682 -.037.513 -.044.429.001.980 -.017.567 -.032.276 -.016.584 -.001.962 -.030.543 -.089.076 -.026.611 -.032.523 F 1.329 2.722 1.556 2.217 P.209.003.114.015 R.091.129.098.117 R2.008.017.010.014 Adj R2.002.011.003.007 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 134
5-3-3 P P P P.060.236.059.229 -.024.621.002.973.070.187.006.905 -.065.196.002.972.023.506 -.002.943 -.051.124 -.022.534.008.816.051.143.048.164 -.037.296 -.021.439.039.148.026.326 -.021.443 -.111.000 -.130.000 -.231.000 -.193.000.061.103.090.014.120.001.065.081 -.060.291 -.018.742 -.068.218.044.443 -.027.353 -.024.397 -.046.107 -.012.686 -.052.307 -.026.604 -.085.087 -.004.940 F 2.482 4.478 12.340 6.963 P.006.000.000.000 R.125.165.270.210 R2.016.027.073.044 Adj R2.009.021.067.038 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 135
5-3-4 P P P.004.939.028.554.003.944.006.911 -.010.840.017.735 -.041.220 -.026.430 -.015.649 -.090.009 -.124.000 -.053.131 -.035.181 -.056.032 -.033.211 -.217.000 -.222.000 -.159.000.020.573.041.260 -.028.440 -.009.872 -.045.414 -.078.160 -.024.390 -.043.131 -.037.200.005.917 -.010.838 -.046.350 F 9.795 12.937 4.748 P.000.000.000 R.239.273.169 R2.057.075.029 Adj R2.051.069.023 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 136
5-3-5 P P P -.030.539 -.066.178 -.037.455.035.495 -.008.878.028.593 -.021.523 -.019.572 -.013.690 -.028.430 -.064.070 -.013.703 -.002.952 -.005.843 -.015.566 -.018.501 -.040.127 -.041.113 -.139.000 -.118.001 -.105.004 -.148.008 -.081.145 -.173.002 -.029.311 -.018.527 -.035.234 -.127.011 -.081.105 -.106.034 F 3.265 2.011 2.816 P.000.029.002 R.141.111.131 R2.020.012.017 Adj R2.014.006.011 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 137
5-3-6 CPR P P P P -.116.020 -.005.913 -.019.693 -.047.337 -.156.003 -.099.056.001.990 -.108.036 -.071.036 -.059.080.024.469 -.062.067.091.010.010.787.035.317.052.137.020.460.006.823 -.010.713.021.442 -.033.215.050.057.079.003.071.007.060.105.046.214 -.033.368.067.070.015.789.025.654 -.066.234.011.849 -.014.625 -.004.880.038.187 -.018.530.005.925.060.232.035.484.079.115 F 1.957 2.463 3.604 3.264 P.034.006.000.000 R.110.123.148.141 R2.012.015.022.020 Adj R2.006.009.016.014 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 138
5-3-7 P P P P P -.119.015.072.143.024.627.010.836 -.070.151 -.079.126.064.216.051.328 -.009.860 -.044.393 -.093.006.022.516 -.036.293 -.042.214 -.028.404.027.447 -.013.707 -.037.288 -.066.063.048.174 -.022.400 -.079.003 -.079.003 -.063.020.002.940.078.003 -.070.007 -.035.187.006.810.076.004 -.065.079 -.092.012 -.041.265 -.133.000 -.100.007.126.024 -.112.043.170.002 -.066.240 -.100.074.058.046 -.004.878.024.408.003.916 -.025.382.116.020 -.038.446.146.004 -.024.634 -.069.166 F 4.026 3.559 4.007 2.257 3.441 P.000.000.000.013.000 R.156.147.157.118.145 R2.024.022.025.014.021 Adj R2.018.016.018.008.015 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 139
5-3-8 P P P P -.081.098 -.009.851 -.082.093 -.118.019 -.148.004 -.116.024 -.151.003 -.169.001 -.058.082 -.079.019 -.089.008 -.050.146 -.021.541 -.008.816.030.393.030.405.060.023.029.269 -.003.900 -.007.792 -.109.000 -.080.002 -.121.000 -.010.717.041.261.022.540.098.007.020.598 -.110.046 -.137.014 -.085.127 -.076.184 -.036.206 -.041.154 -.018.524.010.733 -.086.081 -.024.635 -.075.134.009.857 F 6.852 7.063 7.359 3.659 P.000.000.000.000 R.203.206.209.151 R2.041.042.044.023 Adj R2.035.036.038.016 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 140
5-3-9 P P P -.022.674.020.692.016.745 -.035.522.006.913.022.680 -.031.389.030.382 -.009.792 -.030.405 -.012.737 -.058.100 -.049.078 -.004.886 -.063.019.066.014 -.060.024.116.000 -.058.122 -.024.517 -.159.000 -.077.184 -.086.134.057.306 -.024.416 -.073.014 -.010.720 -.022.667 -.029.567.165.001 F 1.557 1.519 8.126 P.114.126.000 R.100.097.223 R2.010.009.050 Adj R2.004.003.044 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 141
5-3-10. Sig Sig Sig -.169.001.005.930 -.147.003 -.251.000 -.060.276 -.176.001 -.146.000 -.020.580 -.070.037 -.002.955 -.015.676.104.003.058.027.001.972.064.016.008.752.014.612.091.000 -.056.128.011.776.039.291 -.209.000 -.189.001 -.184.001 -.038.192 -.041.175 -.012.672 -.178.000 -.166.002 -.099.045 F 6.925 2.694 7.579 P.000.003.000 R.204.133.213 R2.042.018.045 Adj R2.036.011.039 Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 142
5-4-1 1 2 t P t P.293 19.027.000.829 53.954.000 -.135-9.124.000.012.836.403.680 44.997.000 -.080-5.330.000-5.045.000-3.810.000 Std.E.058.099 F 1047.213 1053.763 P.000.000 R.812.813 R 2.660.661 Adj R 2.659.660 1. p 0.05 p 0.01 p 0.001 2. Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 Std.E Standard Error 143
5-4-2 3 4 t P t P.002.101.920 -.047-2.656.008.738 43.192.000.742 43.927.000 -.023-1.325.185 -.120-6.965.000-1.975.048 6.574.000 Std.E.121.129 F 648.841 675.637 P.000.000 R.739.745 R 2.546.555 Adj R 2.545.555 1. p 0.05 p 0.01 p 0.001 2. Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 Std.E Standard Error 144
5-4-3 5 6 t P t P.040 2.018.044.731 42.106.000.622 32.291.000 -.146-8.733.000.139 7.088.000.104 6.118.000-9.997.000 2.305.021 Std.E.143.089 F 395.663 708.224 P.000.000 R.650.753 R 2.423.567 Adj R 2.422.566 1. p 0.05 p 0.01 p 0.001 2.Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 Std.E Standard Error 145
5-4-4 7 8 t P t P -.419-20.006.000.516 24.411.000.142 7.065.000.157 7.738.000.575 27.980.000.095 4.582.000 17.343.000 2.192.028 Std.E.096.100 F 317.841 303.134 P.000.000 R.608.599 R 2.370.359 Adj R 2.369.358 1. p 0.05 p 0.01 p 0.001 2.Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 Std.E Standard Error 146
5-4-5 9 10 t P t P -.106-5.434.000 -.106-5.434.000.171 9.148.000.171 9.148.000.679 35.585.000.679 35.585.000-6.224.000-6.224.000 Std.E.099.099 F 454.209 454.209 P.000.000 R.676.676 R 2.457.457 Adj R 2.456.456 1. p 0.05 p 0.01 p 0.001 2.Adj R 2 =Adjusted R 2 Std.E Standard Error 147
14 79 14-24 25-35 36-46 47-57 58-68 69-79 1. 2. 1 2 148
3 4 47-57 14-24 47-57 25-35 14-24 25-35 36-46 14-24 25-35 3 149
4 1. 2. 1 ( ) 2 3 3 4 150
1. 2. 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 4 ( ) 3 151
152 ( ) ( ) 4 1. 2. 1 2 3 4 36-46 14-24 3
4 1. 2. 1 2 3 4 36-46 14-24 3 4 153
1. 2. 1 CPR 2.5088 ±1.0126 CPR 2 3 4 3 154
CPR 4 1. 2. 1 2 3 3 155
14-24 25-35 36-46 14-24 25-35 47-54 14-24 36-46 3 4 1. 2. 1 14 156
2 14 14 3 3 14 36-46 14-24 3 14 157
4 1. 2. 1 a 2 3 4 b c a 14-24 25-35 14-24 25-35 36-46 3 158
159 4 1. 2. 1. 2 3 4 47-57 25-35 58-68 25-35 3
4 1. 51. 160
I 31.3561±9.8527 47-57 14-24 25-35 161
Prolonging Life Prolonging Dying Optimal care Maximal Treatment 10 1 2 27 162
( ) ( ) 36-46 14-24 163
36-46 14-24 164
CPR CPR 165
166
14 14 36-46 14-24 1. ---- 2. - 3. - 167
p 0.001 168
169 47-57 25-35 58-68 25-35 II 1. 2. -- 1. 2.
3. 4. 1. 2. 170
; --- -- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 171
- - - - ; - 172
1. 2. 3. ; ; 173
---,,,,,, 174
--- 175
; 176
- - 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 177 51
178 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) --
a. b. c. d. 179
180
181 a. b c d
182
183
184
185
24 2 : 2 4 8 16 (compacting) ; (Primitive Treak) 3-5 48 6-9 14 17 18 56 8 186
: {P116-2-2} ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )! 5 187
188 2001 March 2001.Volume2.Number1 1998 1997 2000 33 5 1996 p.2-4 Medical Ethics1988 1998 1973 199-. 2000 2000 1988 2000 001 1990 2001/7 1993 p.2 1991 1997-116 1995 A:\.htm :http://www.geocities.com/athens/troy/7765/introduceclone.htm 2000 + p34.
A:\ _.htm 2000 1998 2001-40 p13 11 pp. 9-48 (1998 8 ) -- 1998 A:\.htm 1998 A:\.htm 1998 http://www.kmc.edu.tw/~kmcj/data/8701/3512.htm 2001/5/12 http://www.cancer.org.tw/library/content7_detail.asp?id=1239 http://www.geocities.com/hotsprings/oasis/1755/ 1997 ( ) 2000.03.28 1994 CBETA http://www.cbeta.org http://localhost:1215/read?database=fkdict 89.7 http://localhost:1215/home 1991 http://www.cbeta.org http://localhost:1215/read?database=yinshun 189
http://www.cbeta.org 2000 1983 - p134 1979 93 1995 p159 http://localhost:1215/read?database=yinshun&book=hy05 1999 2001 (http://www.chibs.edu.tw) Latimer, Elizabeth J. MD 1998 Ethical care at the end of life Canadian Medical Association Volume 158(13) pp 1741-1747 Abrams, Fredrick R. MD,Reviewer 1998 Life Without Disease: The Pursuit of Medical Utopia Copyright 1998 by the American Medical Association. Volume 280(12) 23/30 September pp 1110-1111 American College of Physicians 1998 Ethics Manual: Fourth Edition Volume 128(7)1 April 1998 pp 576-594 This paper is also available at http://mail.acponline.org. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:576-594. 190
: : ( V) PS: 191
1.. 2. 3.. 4.. 5. 6. 7.. 8... 9. 1. 2... 10... 11. ( ) 12. ( ).... 13.... 14. 192
193 15... 16.. 17. 18. 19. 20.. 21. 22. 14 23. 24... 25.. 26... 27. 28.... 29... 30... 31.. 32.. 33... 34.. 35., 36.
37. ( )... 38. 39. 40. 41.. 42. 43. 44. CPR 45. 46.. 47. 48.... 49... 50..... 51... : * 194
1. : : 2.. 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 4. 5. 1. ( ) 2. ( ) ( ) 6. 1. ( ) 2. 3. 4. 7. 1. 2. 8 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8.9. 10. 195
196 1. 51. 1. : 25.33% 2. 16% 3. 11.33% 4. & 19.33% 5. 3.33% 6. 4.0% 7. 2.66% 8. 4.0% 9. 1.33% 10. 1.33% 11. 1.33% 12. 0.67% 13. 1.33% 14. 1.33% 15. 20.00% 16. 4.67% 51. 1. 25.6% 2. 31.53% 3. & 21.18% 4. 16.26% 5. ( )9.85% 6. 9.36% 7 7.39% 8. 5.42% 9. 6.403% 10 5.42% 11. 3.47% 12. 4.43% 13. 7.88% 14. ( )3.44% 15. 5.91% 16. ( ) EQ PPF
.. 17. 18. 3.0% 197