53
1 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1980 1980 1981 3 1 1995 EU 8164 5857 5824 5728 6867 2000 7498 2001 526 247 2 1992 47-60 3 1999 206 54
1. 2. 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 86-91 5 64-74 44 10 51-52 6 1991 3 55
1979 1996 GDP 5-1 1980 GDP 12.3% 8.02% 8.05% 6.54% 6.63% 7 RMB % 1 7 209 1 12.2 2 5 032 2 11.7 3 3 993 3 11.6 4 2 801 4 11.6 5 2 695 5 11.0 6 2 613 6 10.2 7 2 492 7 8.9 8 2 159 8 8.8 2000 21-22 1979-1996 8 1949~1987 70.16% 21.52% 6.73% 1.6% 5-2 7 6 8 185-189 56
2.47 1953 1987 RMB 1954 997.94 29.75 3.32 363.10 1964 2 087.55 317.17 288.13 1 210.01 1974 3 292.62 46.82 42.13 1 898.69 1976 3 391.08 199.33 16.92 1 998.59 1979 3 624.61 147.98 52.05 2 987.98 1980 3 779.10 67.46 50.47 2 703.82 1984 4 928.72 784.03 159.36 4 717.83 1987 9 588.28 1 999.35 295.45 9 659.03 1989 13 687.39 3 258.89 599.89 14 116.47 1991 17 735.02 2 387.83 689.10 18 247.87 1992 22 264.31 2 629.72 1 338.88 21 961.08 1993 34 655.98 2 230.05 1 784.03 33 126.98 1994 29 870.49 17 766.38 1 219.79 41 682.80 1995 38 234.49 19 183.59 1 535.50 52 562.55 1 1950~1987 2 1953~1987 1954~1987 3 1989~1995 4 1999 13-14187-189224-226 1979 51.23%1987 73.44% 1979 9 5.39%1987 67.00% 1. 2. 3. 9 315 57
extrabudgetary state enterprises 10 1982 5-3 69.42% 105.91% 36.49% 1983 1985 1984 11 1993 8 438 10 Linda Chelan Li, Centre and Provinces--China 1978-1993: power as non-zero-sum..oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998,pp187-189. 11 317-318 58
1986 12 1 2 3 13 RMB / % / % 1955 32.04 798.22 2.63 21.28 359.36 5.92 1960 122.88 2 096.60 6.87 171.37 1 817.95 9.43 1965 40.68 2 044.05 2.00 44.72 977.20 4.58 1970 34.39 2 576.53 1.30 32.57 1 350.35 2.41 1975 136.18 3 577.97 3.80 130.01 1 858.07 7.00 1977 1 055.00 3 546.69 29.75 180.66 2 012.22 8.98 1979 1 825.45 3 624.61 51.23 161.19 2 987.98 5.39 1980 2 075.43 3 779.10 55.67 185.27 2 703.82 6.85 1982 2 901.69 4 223.31 69.42 3 530.80 3 333.68 105.91 1983 3 170.39 4 428.78 72.24 3 311.36 3 745.02 88.42 1984 3 697.53 4 928.72 75.48 3 768.25 4 717.83 79.87 1985 4 811.15 6 926.79 69.46 4 463.59 6 674.16 66.88 1986 5 479.25 8 241.08 66.49 5 302.73 8 954.64 59.22 1987 7 041.92 9 588.28 73.44 6 472.05 9 659.03 67.00 1999 321-323 1994 14 12 13 319-320 14 1995 59
15 1 23 1996 33.67% 1978 1985 1991 1995 1998 75% 75~100% 100~150% 150% 100% GDP 375 RMB 814 RMB 1,758 RMB 4,767 RMB 6,731 1999 2000 7 RMB 15 2001 2001 594-596 60
2 3 1991 1994 5-4 1994 16 16 28 61
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 RMB 86.19 121.82 191.70 247.75 260.23 196.48 243.06 81.29 109.58 186.84 248.70 217.39 180.24 217.97 2001 387-388 5-5 17 RMB 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 54529 91887 227235 687814 188133 291656 335447 42893 49828 61657 15049 4944 2604 1992 1993 2002 469 18 RMB b/a a b % b/a a b % 1997 542.79 543.94 1.15 100.2 746.47 682.66 63.81 91.5 1998 638.46 640.75 2.29 100.4 886.00 825.61 60..39 93.2 1999 764.45 766.19 1.74 100.2 1,034.44 965.90 68.54 93.4 2000 909.54 910.56 1.01 100.1 1,173.40 1,080.32 93.08 92.1 1998~2001 17 18 62
5-6 5-8 1999 2001 5-81991 RMB % % 1991 2563.99 9.34 81.26 55.97 1992 2876.10 12.17 122.26 50.46 1993 3970.52 38.05 226.56 85.31 1994 4728.74 19.10 402..64 77.72 1995 5515.51 16.64 604.46 50.12 1996 6436.02 16.69 764.06 26.40 1997 7548.00 17.28 993.00 29.96 1998 8551.74 13.30 1232.53 25.94 1999 10311.89 13.40 1648.86 33.78 2000 12660.00 22.80 2217.00 34.45 2001 15165.28 19.74 2882.72 30.04 2001 3962.00 13.12 793.55 19.43 2003 2-130 63
19 1949~1979 20 15 1980~1984 8 1980~1993 4 1985~1987 17 8 16 1988~1993 10 3 3 1994~ 1985~1987 1980~1984 12 RMB1988~1993 14.1 RMB 9% 2000 82 19 1949~1979 1960 20 1950 1979 11950 21951~1957 3 1958 41959~19671969~1970 51968 61971~1973 719741975 81976~1978 1979 280-286303 64
5-9 22 1. 2. 3. 1980 1984 12 21 80 22 90-91 416-418 65
1985 1980 1987 http://www.mof.gov.cn 23 23 1 2 1988~1993 66
recentralization 1985 1988 14.1 9% 1988 1993 1987 1988 1994 24 1988 1993 1994 24 1979 2001 GDP 28.4%25.7%24.2 %22.9%23.0%22.9%22.4%20.8%18.4 %15.8%15.8%14.6%13.1%12.6 % 11.2%10.7%10.9 %11.6 %12.6%12.6%13.9 %15.0%17.1%2001~2002 67
25 26 1994 1 25 James Tong, A Principal-Agent Analysis of Fiscal Decentralization, Transition From Communism in China: Institutional and Comparative AnalysesLondon: Lynne Rienner, 1999,pp.146-149. 26 2001 2 35 2000 10 68
27 2 3 28 4 29 1979 1993 5-10 2001 1999 1994 8 92-93 27 1999 /GDLTIS 28 29 25% 69
1993 30 25 1994 30 44 10 43 70
1996 1998 1998Hsu, Szu-chien2000 1999 2001 1. 2. 3. 4. 10 5. 71
6. 1. 2. 1949-1999 2000 851 72
31 32 31 32 1997 1949-1990s 4-5 73