675-704 0 E-Mail: pcfeng@cc.nctu.edu.tw
676 Kingston, 1976: 6, Jen, 1996: 45 Maxine Hong Kingston The Woman Warrior 1976 Gish Jen Mona in the Promised Land, 1996 Satz, 1993: 140 switch 1 1 Martha Satz wicked Satz, 139-140
677 Scarshill horizontal community 2 rainbow coalition cultural hybridity authenticity politics of relationality 2 Jesse L. Jackson
678 3 Virginia Woolf A Room of One s Own 1945: 66 David Leiwei Li American Orientalist discourse 1992: 323 4 matrilineage Alice Walker 3 Eric Hobsbawm Terence Ranger (The Invention of Tradition invented traditions Invented tradition is taken to mean a set of practices, normally governed by overtly or tacitly accepted rules and of a ritual or symbolic nature, which seek to inculcate certain values and norms of behaviour by repetition, which automatically implies continuity with the past Hobsbawm & Ranger, 1983: 1 4 Shirley Geok-lin Lim Jade Snow Wong (Fifth Chinese Daughter Kim Ronyoung (Clay Walls Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston (Beyond Manzanar 1993: 572
679 the Eaton sisters Amy Ling 1991: 192 1990: 220-221 Lim, 1993: 573 Amy Tan The Joy Luck Club, 1989 The Kitchen God s Wife, 1991 The Hundred Secret Senses, 1995 Fae Myenne Ng Bone, 1993
680 5 bachelor society Sau-ling Wong Wong, 1995: 177 6 Bow, 1994: 236-237 counter-orientalist gestures 5 Lisa Lowe space 1996: 120 6 1 2 3 4 5 Nan Bauer Maglin, qtd. in Wong, 1995: 176-177
681 self-orientalizing sugar sisterhood Wong, 1995: 181 7 authentic Typical American, 1991 Ralph Chang 8 7 tang je Wong, 1995: 180-183 8 Theresa Helen rotten egg
682 9 Callie cliched Jen, 1996: 44 catechist Hailan Grover Ding 9 Wong, 1995: 197
683 Jen, 1996: 46 Chang-kees 10 11 assimilation Jen, 1996: 129 10 the Yankees Jen, 1991: 127 11
684 Jen, 1996: 265 Naomi there is being Chinese and being Chinese Jen, 1996: 167 Kailan Jen, 1996: 301 family narrative original culture Lowe, 1996: 62 master narratives (Lowe, 1996: 63 horizontal vertical heterogeneity Lowe, 1996: 63-64
685 interrogative modality 12 trope palinode declarative modality Wong, 1995: 195 nativist Changowitz Jen, 1996: 56 12 Elliott Butler-Evans
686 13 Sherman Matsumoto Temple Youth Group Barbara Gugelstein Seth Mandel Eloise Ingle oppressors Expressers Camp Gugelstein Alfred Evie integration separatism Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Jen, 13 (Tripmaster Monkey, 1989
687 1996: 203 redemptive love Jen, 1996: 201 Michel Foucault heterotopias qtd. in Lowe, 122 (Lowe, 1996: 123 14 Holocaust national formation a house with no walls between 14 ghettoized Lowe, 1996: 122
688 the rooms Jen, 1996: 208 dashiki Jen, 1996: 207 M. M. Bakhtin carnivalesque cause Miss B. Jen, 1996: 132 Blanco the underground railroad unspeakable paternalist Jen, 1996: 202
689 multiculturalism Jen, 1996: 208 pluralism Lowe, 1996: 86 E. San Juan, Jr.
690 San Juan, 2002: 7 play house Andy Kaplan 15 The New York Times Book Review Jacqueline Carey gender bending an explosion of transformation Carey, 1996: 16 15
691 1994: 21 Werner Sollors 1989: xiii-xiv Robert Young 1995: 24 Young, 1995: 26-27 [U.S. Census Bureau] insider 16 Wittman Ah Sing Joycean 16 pre-ethnic/post-ethnic 1994: 56
692 a quirky sense of humor Jeanne Rosier Smith trickster 1997: 49 17 many-deli Jen, 1996: 3 WASP the model minority Smith, 1997: 2 17 Mary Antin (The Promised Land
693 18 New Jews ( 1997: 173 tonal complexity 1997: 160 1997: 173 Byeh fa-foon Shee-veh. Ji-nu Jen, 1996: 5 18 mixedblood/crossblood tricksters
694 Chineseness Jen, 1996: 6 Jen, 1996: 8 markers of authenticity Wong, 1995: 187 19 Jen, 1996: 10 Jen, 1996: 168 Jen, 1996: 186 Jen, 1996: 129 20 19 20 John Fiske 1996: 118
695 Io 21 Jen, 1991: 3 Ingle Jen, 1996: 181 (Jen, 1996: 182 21
696 Jen, 1996: 55 Jen, 1996: 56 passing R. Radhakrishnan multiple rootedness 1996: 162 Homi Bhabha 1997: 104 Susan Stanford Friedman relational narratives denial accusation confession relational positionality 1995: 7 regard identity as situationally constructed and defined and at the crossroads of different systems of alterity and stratification Friedman, 1995: 17
697 the dominant paradigm Okihiro, 1994: 155 coalition politics R. Radhakrishnan, qtd. in Friedman, 1995: 40 location Friedman, 1995: 40 Jen, 1996: 237 participatory 1996: 106
698 22 Lee, 2000: 225 Grand Central (Jen, 1996: 255 Jen, 1996: 256 22 lightheartedness tragic-comic Matsukawa, 1993: 119
699 postlapserian 23 Elaine Showalter A Literature of Their Own 1982: 13 23 a cautionary figure 1997: 17 underclass 1997: 20 upward mobility
700 Jen, 1996: 304
701 1997 25, 9: 104-120 1994 39-60 1994 1-24 1997 25, 11: 157-174 1997 But what is an Asian American? : Culture, class, and invented traditions in Gish Jen s Mona in the Promised Land 1996 105-131 Bow, L. 1994 Cultural conflict/feminist resolution in Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club. In F. Ng, et al. Eds., New visions in Asian American Studies: Diversity, community, power pp. 235-247. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press. Carey, J. 1996, June 9 Switch. The New York Times Book Review, p.16. Friedman, S. S. 1995 Beyond White and other: Relationality and narratives of race in feminist discourse. Signs, 21, 1: 1-49. Hobsbawm, E., & Ranger, T. Eds. 1983 The invention of tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jen, G. 1991 Typical American. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Jen, G. 1996 Mona in the Promised Land. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Kingston, M. H. 1976 The woman warrior: Memoirs of a girlhood among ghosts. New York: Vintage. Kingston, M. H. 1989 Tripmaster monkey: His fake book. New York: Vintage. Lee, R. 2000 Gish Jen. In K.-K. Cheung Ed. Words matter:
702 Conversations with Asian American writers pp. 215-232. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Li, D. L. 1992 The production of Chinese American tradition: Displacing American Orientalist discourse. In S. G.-L. Lim, & A. Lim Eds., Reading the literatures of Asian America pp. 319-332. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Lim, S. G.-L. 1993 Feminist and ethnic literary theories in Asian American literature. Feminist Studies, 19, 3: 571-595. Ling, A. 1990 Chinese American women writers: The tradition behind Maxine Hong Kingston. In A. LaVonne B. Ruoff, & J. W. Ward Eds., Redefining American literary history pp. 219-236. New York: MLA. Ling, A. 1991 Emerging canons of Asian American literature and art. In S. Hune, et al. Eds. Asian Americans: Comparative and global perspectives pp. 191-197. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press. Lowe, L. 1996 Immigrant acts: On Asian American cultural politics. Durham: Duke University Press. Matsukawa, Y. 1993 MELUS interview: Gish Jen. MELUS, 18, 4: 111-120. Ng, F. M. 1993 Bone. New York: Hyperion. Okihiro, G. Y. 1994 Margins and mainstreams: Asians in American history and culture. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Radhakrishnan, R. 1996 Diasporic mediations: Between home and location. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. San Juan, E., Jr. 2002 Racism and cultural studies: Critiques of multiculturalist ideology and the politics of difference. Durham, & London: Duke University Press. Satz, M. 1993 Writing about the things that are dangerous: A conversation with Gish Jen. Southwest Review, 78, 1: 132-140. Showalter, E. 1982 A literature of their own: British women novelists from Brontë to Lessing New Rev. ed.. London: Virago. Smith, J. R. 1997 Writing tricksters: Mythic gambols in American
703 ethnic literature. Berkeley: University of California Press. Sollors, W. 1989 Introduction: The invention of ethnicity. In W. Sollors Ed., The invention of ethnicity pp. ix-xx. New York: Oxford University Press. Tan, A. 1989 The Joy Luck Club. New York: Ivy Books. Tan, A. 1991 The kitchen god s wife. New York: Ivy Books. Tan, A. 1995 The hundred secret senses. New York: G. P. Putnam s Sons. Wong, S. 1995 Sugar sisterhood : Situating the Amy Tan phenomenon. In D. Palumbo-Liu Ed. The ethnic canon: Histories, institutions, and interventions pp. 174-210. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Woolf, V. 1945 A room of one s own. London: Penguin. Original work published 1928 Young, R. 1995 Colonial desire: Hybridity in theory, culture and race. London: Routledge.
704 Reinventing a Chinese American Women s Tradition in Gish Jen s Mona in the Promised Land Pin-chia Feng Abstract This paper places Gish Jen s Mona in the Promised Land within the context of Chinese American women s fictional texts and examines the ways in which Jen playfully reinvents a Chinese American women s tradition. With an inclusion of a mother-daughter plot in the novel, Jen dutifully constructs a vertical generational relationship, which is one of the typical thematics of Chinese American women s writing. Yet Jen also inventively creates a horizontal community for her protagonist Mona, in which racial, class, and gender boundaries are deliberately overlooked. The dissolution of such a utopian hybrid community nevertheless questions the possibility of this kind of solidarity. Moreover, through the multiple switches of identity of her characters, Jen undermines the essentialist fixture of racial authenticity and the politics of insiderism. Finally, with the reconciliation between Mona and her mother and the birth of Mona s Jewish-Chinese American daughter, I argue that Jen is consciously re- inventing a comic tradition for Chinese American women s writing through which she may at once acknowledge the importance of matrilineage and introduce a politics of relationality that goes beyond racial confines. Key Words: Chinese American literature, women s literary tradition, politics of relationality, Gish Jen, Mona in the Promised Land