1
E- / Find data bases to fit a research question Find research questions to fit existing data sets 2
/ 3
efficacy safety utilization marketing potential market 4
5
IC 6
/ 7
, 8
Therapeutic efficacy / safety evaluation Exposure (cause): a certain treatment drug, procedure, education,... Outcome: the end result of care, or a measurable change in the health status or behavior of patients clinical, functional,... 9
Prospective cohort study Assemble the cohort inception cohort: onset of disease/zero time Measure predictor variables (prognostic/predictive) Follow-up and measure outcomes time to event (incidence): change of status surrogate, qol, : change of value 10
Retrospective cohort study Identify a suitable cohort Collect data about predictor variables Collect data about outcomes at a later time basically also a cohort or follow-up study only difference: time of measurement common in clinical studies/data linkage not necessarily collecting outcomes later but at a later time than the occurrence of the exposure 11
Case-control study in outcome research Draw a sample of new (incident) cases (outcome +) Draw a sample of controls (outcome - at a certain time) a sample of hypothetical population from which cases came from Measure the predictor variables usually at the time when cases and controls are drawn 12
(HOSB) (DD) 13
(CD) (GD) ( ) 14
(DO) order_type order_code order_qty order_price order_amt 15
/ (OO, GO) order_type drug_code drug_use drug_fre unit_price total_qty total_amt 16
CD DD OO DO CD-OO / DD-DO column 1-32 1-6 column 1-33 1-6 17
OO/DO order_type 1= 18
drug_code : http://www.nhi.gov.tw/02hospital/ho spital_6.htm 19
---------- A000096100 A000315100 A000315100 A000437100 A000437100 A000437100 A000647100 A001641100 --------- 0.48 0 0.34 0 0.74 0.82 0.32 0.32 ------ 840301 910401 840301 910101 890401 840301 840301 840301 ------- 991231 991231 910331 991231 901231 890331 991231 991231 -------------------------- MENNA CAPSULES CYPRODIN TABLETS CYPRODIN TABLETS ALLERCUR S.C. TABLETS ALLERCUR S.C. TABLETS ALLERCUR S.C. TABLETS CYTADINE 2MG TABLETS(CYPRO CYTADINE TABLETS 4MG 20
drug_use 0 Unit =000100 21
drug_fre Qd, bid, tid, 22
drug_n B019844100 B012946100 A034746321 A030439100 A036198100 A027549100 B014294100 drug_u 000100 000100 000100 000100 000100 000100 000100 drug_f QD QD ASORDER TIDPC TIDPC TIDPC PRNPC 23
column 1-32 1-6 column 1-33 1-6 ( ) 24
CD-OO data CD; *length default= 4; infile 'd:\research\nhi\formal99\s_cd19990.dat' lrecl=209; input id $1-33 kind $34; proc sort data=cd; by id; run; data OO; *length default= 4; infile 'd:\research\nhi\formal99\s_oo19990.dat'; input id $1-33 order_t $34; proc sort data=oo; by id; run; 25
CD-OO data CDOO; merge CD OO; by id; run; data CDOO1; set CDOO; if kind ^= ' ' and order_t ^= ' '; run; 26
; 100% 27
2001;20:43-51 Chen SY, Chie WC, Lan C, Lin MC, Lai JS, Lien IN. Rates and characteristics of lower limb amputations in Taiwan, 1997. Prosthetics and Orthotics International 2002;26:7-14. SCI Chie WC, Yang RS, Liu JP, Tsai KS. High incidence rate of hip fracture in Taiwan estimated from a nationwide health insurance database. Osteoporosis International 2004; 15: in press. SCI Shao PL, Chie WC, Wang CY, Yang CY, Lu CY, Chang LY, Huang LM, lee CY. Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Taiwan, 1997 and 2000. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2004; 37: 164-168. SCI 28
OO DO GO ID 29
weichu@ntu.edu.tw 30