36 12M 2013 12 Environmental Science & Technology Vol.36 No.12M 36 Dec. 2013 牛天林 1,2, 刘雪华 1,2*, 李周园 2, 高韵扬 2, 德科加 3, 王迅 3, 史惠兰 4 1. 100084 2. 100084 3. 810016 4. 810010 20 1990-2009 20 1990 1994 2000 2006 2009 5 Landsat TM 1990-2009 20 10 10 2000-2005 1995 X87 A doi 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2013.12M.092 1003-6504(2013)12M-0438-05 The Spatio-temporal Changes of the Grassland in Madoi County, the Source Region of the Yellow River During 1990-2009 NIU Tian-lin 1 2 LIU Xue-hua 1 2* LI Zhou-yuan 2 GAO Yun-yang 2 DE Ke-jia 3 WANG Xun 3 SHI Hui-lan 4 1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing 100084, China; 2. Tsinghua University,School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China; 3. Qinghai Academy of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China; 4. Qinghai University, Xining 810010, China Abstract Madoi County is the core area of the source region of the Yellow River and it deserves special attention for its e- cological environment and changes of functions. By the end of 20 century, under the impacts of natural and human beings, the ecological environment of the source region had been shown a worsening trend with mainly changing on grassland quality. The features and trends of spatial-temporal changes of grassland quality in Madoi County was investigated through supervised classification with the five Landsat TM images of during 1990-2009. The results showed that the grassland quality changed from high-cold steppe of high coverage to degradation, and then recovered gradually after management during these 20 years from 1990 to 2009. During 2000 and 2005, the area of middle-coverage grassland decreased faster, but increased slightly with the efficient management. The area of high-coverage grassland has been increasing stably since 1995. The study showed the low resistance stability and high resilience stability of plateau grassland system. All these indicated that the ecological management in Madoi County of the source region of the Yellow River has achieved a positive effect. Key words source region of the Yellow River; remote sensing; land cover; spatio-temporal changes; Madoi County / [1-2] / [3] 2013-07-26 2013-10-24 (11Y02ESPCT) 1991- ntl10@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn * xuehua-hjx@tsinghua.edu.cn
12M 1990-2009 21 1 [4] 1.1 研究区域 20 70 LandsatTM 5 1960-2000 1 98 ~99 E 37 ~38 N 4 000 m 2.5 10 4 20 70 2000 km 2-3.8 321.6 mm [5] 1 322.5 mm 1990 2000 2004 TM [10-11] 1990-2004 [12] [6] 1977 1990 2003 3 MSS/TM 1977-2003 20 70 20 70 1990-2003 2 1.2 数据采集 [7-8] 5 Landsat TM 1990 8 30 1994 7 24 20 90 2001 7 3 2006 7 25 2009 7 1999 2000 1 2 17 2011 7 8 2005 75 GPS 1 2006 [9] 2012 7 8 1990 1994 2001 2006 2009 5 7 8 1 TM 1 km 21 1.3 遥感影像分类及检验 1.3.1
36 ERDAS IMAGING 9.1 5 TM 83 GPS AOI 25 195 2 1 2.1 黄河源区草地变化时间分析 UTM1987 1 28+2 493=2 521 29 4 25+2 309=2 334 38 2 12+1 220=1 232 49 16+832=848 22 2+18 341=18 343 9 83+25 195=25 278 147 70% 30%~70% 30% ERDAS IMAGING 147 Kappa Statistics Kappa 0~1 Kappa 2 0.6~0.8 Kappa 0.4~0.6 Kappa 0~0.4 20 10 10 1.3.2 2 Kappa 2 2 2000-2005 2 1990 1994 2001 2006 2009 65.22 82.61 65.22 69.75 65.22 /% Kappa 0.536 5 0.754 7 0.534 2 0.577 4 0.536 5 1994 2011 2012 7 8 2 1980-1990
12M 1990-2009 20 90 2006 [13] 1990 5 1996 5 2003 [14] 2004 2006 [15] 2006 2.2 黄河源区草地变化空间分析 5 3 20 3(a)~(e) 2006
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