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1 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB AN Application Note BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB The XM1201 Module Reference Board for XE1201 Author: Gael Coron For further information please contact: XEMICS Tel: Fax: E mail: wireless@xemics.com Web:

Table of contents Introduction 2 Performances 2 How to use this document 2 Board 2 XM1201 Reference Board 3 I/O Lines 3 Performances 4 How to use 6 PCB issues 8 Components 8 Exhibit I: Board diagram

2 Table of contents Introduction 2 Performances 2 How to use this document 2 Board 2 XM1201 Reference Board 3 I/O Lines 3 Performances 4 How to use 6 PCB issues 8 Components 8 Exhibit I: Board diagram 9 Exhibit II: List of Components, references 10 Introduction This application note describes the XM1201 module, vers 3.0, which constitutes a reference module for the XEMICS XE1201 single chip transceiver. Targeted for high volume manufacturing, this UHF board has been optimized for performance and cost. For users needing additional on-board features such as a microcontroller, this module is an excellent starting point. This enables the utilization of the XE1201 Evaluation kit Software. Moreover, a loop antenna on board has been designed for a Quick Start Transmission. For users wishing to connect a spectrum analyzer or another antenna other than the antenna designed for this board, the loop antenna can be easily removed from the board. Furthermore, an external power amplifier has been added to increase the data range. This design optimizes the increase of output power without sensitivity loss. In addition, this external power amplifier produces the antenna switch" thereby reducing the number of external components and in turn the overall costs. To enable complete cost reduction and better production all tuning element on the board has been removed. Only one trimmer capacitor has been inserted to fix the value of the Local Oscillator. Final applications can be built without any tuning component. The module includes the RF IC XE1201 with its associated external RF circuitry and printed loop antenna. Performances Typical performance is at 19.2 Kbits/s is +5dBm output power and -107dBm sensitivity. How to use this document The reference board described here is a reference module for the XEMICS XE1201 single chip transceiver. Click here to download the full set of the XM1201 Gerber files, or download information on the XE1200 series at XEMICS website, Information contained within this document, as well as in the XM1201 Gerber files are for reference and information only. If you need to develop your personalized UHF board, you can start from this design and then make the necessary upgrade to match your requirements. To access the XE1201 Datasheet, simply download it from XEMICS website: Board The XE1201 Reference Board allows the user to program the XE1201 in any configuration. A 10-pin connector can be used to connect the XM1201 directly to a microcontroller board or to the XEMICS Interface board

3 XM1201 Reference Board I/O Lines An Overview of I/O lines is given in Figure 2. Connector 10 pins: RXTX Line : Receive / transmit is activated when the control bit (A13) is set to zero. In this mode, the module can be set to the transmitter or receiver mode. RXTX Mode 0 Transmit Mode 1 Receive Mode EN Line : Chip "enable" is activated when the control mode bit (A13) is set to zero. In this mode, the XE1201 can be switched on or off. EN Mode 0 Chip disabled 1 Chip enabled TXD Line : Transmit Data Line CLKD LINE : Clock Data Line. This signal is generated by the bit synchronizer block that provides glitch free data allowing the received data signal to be directly read by a low complexity microcontroller. RXD : Line Receive data Line VDD Line : Connect to a 3 V power-supply. GND Line : Ground Probe-pad: TXD Line : Transmit Data Line CLKD LINE : Clock Data Line. RXD : Line Receive data Line Power supply: The XM1201 Module can be powered in two different ways. The first uses the two externals VSS and VCC and the second uses the 10-pins connector. DE, SC, SD Lines : The XE1201 is controlled via the 3-wire serial bus and by a microcontroller that addresses the 3 wires (SD-Serial Data, SC- Serial Clock, DE- Data Enable). For more information refer to the XE1201. datasheet RXD CLKD TXD SD SC XE1201 DE VSS VCC EN RXTX TXD CLKD RXD GND VDD - 3 -

maximum power available (-5dBm). In transmitter mode: Set up configuration: A13=0 EN=1 RxTx=0 Output Power at the antenna connector P out = 5.5dBm Total current consumption I tot= 16.

4 Performances Output Power and Current consumption The performances of the XM1201 Module are listed below. These measures have been made with a typical configuration, frequency deviation at 125kHz, power supply at 3 V, temperature at 25 C, a data rate at 16 kbit/s and the output power register set at the maximum power available (-5dBm). In transmitter mode: Set up configuration: A13=0 EN=1 RxTx=0 Output Power at the antenna connector P out = 5.5dBm Total current consumption I tot= 16.1mA Current consumption with the external Power amplifier off I min=8.47ma In receiver mode: Set up configuration: A13=0 EN=1 RxTx=1 Sensitivity Sens = -107dBm Current consumption I rx = 6.46mA Stand by mode Set up configuration: A13=0 EN=0 RxTx=X Current consumption I sby = 60µA Spectrum waveforms To calculate these measures, the capacitor C15 has been removed so as to obtain an impedance equal at 50 Ohm (input impedance of the Spectrum Analyzer). Figure 3 shows the spectrum of the FSK signal for 1 transmit (Flo + Fdev). The output power, in static mode, is more than +5dBm and the attenuation of the spurious at the 3 rd harmonic of Fdev is better than 40dBc. The frequency image (Flo Fdev) is measured at 30dBc. Figure 3: Spectrum of a 1 transmission Figure 4 shows the spectrum of the FSK signal for 0 transmit (Flo -Fdev). The output power in static mode is more than +5dBm and the attenuation of the frequency image and the spurious at the 3 rd harmonic gives the same result as that for a 1 transmit. Sensitivity To achieve a RF transmission, two parameters need to be defined: The output power and the sensitivity. In order to obtain the maximum data range a compromise needs to be made between these two values The value of the bit rate can also influence the receiver sensitivity. Figure 1 shows the measure of the sensitivity with a bit error rate less than 10E-2 versus the data rate. This measure is based on a calculation of frequency deviation at 125kHz and supply voltage at 3 V. Figure 4: Spectrum of a 0 transmission The frequency deviation can also influence the receiver sensitivity. Figure 3 shows that the sensitivity is optimum 50kHz and 250kHz and maximum 125kHz. This is due to the receiver Base-band filter, for more information refer to XE1201 Application information chapter II

5 Sensitivity in dbm Sensitivity versus Data rate Data rate in bit/s Figure 1 Sensitivity versus Frequency deviation Sensitivity in dbm Frequency deviation in khz Figure 2-5 -

6 Loop Antenna A loop antenna has been designed for this board. The performances are not optimal. The performances are 250 meters in free space and more than 50 meters indoor. If the final application needs more data range then the other antenna structure needs to be implemented as a wipe antenna. The loop antenna s main advantage is the cost (Figure 7), being directly included in the cost of the PC board. The fixed capacitors Cloop1 and Cloop2 may be replaced by a tuning capacitor in order to optimize the antenna adaptation. The capacitor's values depend on the application and of the PC board location. The maximum performance of the antenna requires two conditions: Resonance and Matching. Resonance: This is obtained at the centered frequency once the characteristic impedance is strictly resistive. The minimum reactive part should be observed at the considered frequency (Figure 5: Smith s chart) C loop2 RF C loop1 Figure 7: Printed Loop Antenna The loop antenna is a good solution for portable instruments, which are not demanding in terms of range. Beware of attenuation and directivity caused by body effect. For the antenna in this application note, make sure to place it well within proximity of the body. How to use Figure 5: Smith chart Matching: A proper matching of the antenna to the feed point implies that both impedance is identical. This condition ensures that all the energy delivered by the feed point is converted in an electromagnetic field. In the case of mismatch, a Standing Wave appears and part of its energy returns to the transmitter. The SWR (Standing Waves Ratio) determines the amount of energy that is not converted by the antenna into an electromagnetic energy. (Figure 6) The XM1201 Module has been designed for Quick Start Transmission. It can be used in two different ways Œ With the XEMICS interface board and software or Œ In stand alone with a microcontroller board XEMICS Interface board The XM1201 Module can be interfaced directly with the XEMICS interface board via the 10-pins connector (Figure 8). In this case, the XE1201 software can program the XM1201 Module. To download the XE1201 software, go to XEMICS website at Interface board TXD RXD CLKD XM1201 Figure 8: XM1201 with XEMICS interface board Figure 6: SWR - 6 -

7 Application board The XM1201 can be directly inserted in the final application (Figure 9). For that, the motherboard needs to be connected to the module via the 10-pins connector in order to: Œ program the XE1201 (SD, SC,DE), Œ manage the communication (EN,RxTx), Œ transmit/receive data via (TXD, RXD, CLKD) Transmitter mode ½ Control mode bit A13=0 ½ Enable pin EN=1 ½ Receive/transmit RxTx=0 Õ External PA Switch On Õ XE1201 in transmitter mode Mother board uc XM1201 Figure 9: XM1201 with Motherboard Programmation The XM1201 is configured with two different blocks: the XE1201 and the external power amplifier. For using both blocks, the user needs either to switch to receiver mode, transmitter mode or stand-by mode. Receiver mode configuration ½ Control mode bit A13=0 ½ Enable pin EN=1 ½ Receive/transmit RxTx=1 Stand-by mode ½ Control mode bit A13=0 ½ Enable pin EN=0 ½ Receive/transmit RxTx=1 Õ External PA Switch Off Õ XE1201 in stand by mode Õ Õ External PA Switch Off XE1201 in receiver mode - 7 -

PCB issues We strongly recommend the use of a PCB similar to the one as described here in Figures 10 and 11. Moreover, do not forget that the XE1201 circuit is a Direct Conversion Receiver.

To avoid self-mixing and DC bias, maximum insulation between the LO section (tank, SAW resonator) and the receiver antenna is essential.

8 PCB issues We strongly recommend the use of a PCB similar to the one as described here in Figures 10 and 11. Moreover, do not forget that the XE1201 circuit is a Direct Conversion Receiver. As such, the local oscillator is operating at the carrier frequency. To avoid self-mixing and DC bias, maximum insulation between the LO section (tank, SAW resonator) and the receiver antenna is essential. Components Below is a reference list of components, this describes the types and references of the various selected components. When selecting an equivalent device, one should make sure performances such as tolerances and Q-factor is equal or above those indicated. Decoupling components should be placed as close as possible to the XE1201 circuit. They should not be connected through vias. Figure 10: XM1201 Top View Figure 11: XM1201 Bottom View - 8 -

9 SUNSTAR微波光电 Application Note April 2000 Exhibit I: Board diagram -9- SUNSTAR射频通信 AN

10 Exhibit II: List of Components, references Name Type Reference Value Form Quantity U1 XE1201 Transceiver IC XE1201-T TQFP32 1 Q1 XTAL Quartz S MHz - 1 T1 NPN Transistor BFQ67 Sot23 1 T2 PNP Transistor BC808 Sot23 1 SAW1 SAW Resonator RO-2101A MHz SM-2 1 C2 Decoupling capacitor 10uF 1 C1, C3, C5, C6, C7, C9, C14, Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 10nF SMD C16,C19 C26 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 0.68pF SMD C4,C11,C13,C17,C27 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 1.5pF SMD C8,C18,C23 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 2.2pF SMD C24 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 2.7pF SMD C12,C20 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 4.7pF SMD C22 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 10pF SMD C25 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 33pF SMD C21 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 22pF SMD C15 Capacitor NPO Ni, +/-0.25pF, 50v 100nF SMD C10 Trim-Capacitor TZC03Z060A110 2 to 6pF SMD L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L7 self 0805 CS-120-X JBC 5% 12nH SMD L6, L8, L9 self 0805 CS-180-X JBC 5% 18nH SMD L10 self 0805 CS-560-X JBC 5% 56nH SMD R6 Pola resistor any 43k SMD R1,R7 Pola resistor any 110k SMD XEMICS 2000 All rights reserved. Reproduction whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, nor is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. The publisher for any consequence of its use will accept no liability. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in Switzerland Date of release AN Application Note: A

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