Harold Perkin The Third Revolution: Professional Elites in the Modern World The major theme in each is the provenance and character of the professiona

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2 Harold Perkin The Third Revolution: Professional Elites in the Modern World The major theme in each is the provenance and character of the professional elites, their success in establishing their dominance, and the temptations they are under to exploit their society to excess, thus risking their own and their society s decline or even destruction (Perkin, 1996xv) 18 Perkin risking their own and their society s decline or even destruction B1 20

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9 replacement rate Gruber, Munnell, Gruber, Munnell, replacement rate 11 Bei steigender Abgabenbelastung der Bruttoeinkommen der Erwerbstätigen (Steuerprogression) im Zuge eines inflationistischen Nominaleinkommenswachstums und zunehmender Sozialabgabenbelastung führt die bisherige Retenanpassungspraxis zwangsläufig dazu, daß die abgabenfreien Einkommen der Rentner stärker wachsen als die Nettoeinkimmen der Erwerbstätigen und sich den letzteren immer mehr annähern. Deshalb wurde schon verschiedentlich angeregt, die Renten zukünfig nur noch nach dem Anstieg der Nettoarbeitsentgelte anzupassen ( ). Winterstein, 1980, S. 50) Vom Konzept der dynamischen Rente her gesehen, ist die Nettoanpassung die systemadäquate Methode, da sie die beiderseitigen verfügbaren Einkommen in Beziehung setzt: Soweit die Renten nicht durch Pflichtbeiträge und direkte Steuern belastet sind, sollen sie nur in dem Ausmaß wachsen, in dem sich die Nettoeinkommen der Aktiven erhöhen. (Molitor, 1987, S ) 27

10 earnings test , Gruber, : The earnings test reflects the basic philosopher that the social security system was designed to provide income support to people who have retired rather than an annuity to everyone who reaches the age of sixty-five. In 1939, this provision was also seen as a method of reducing unemployment by releasing jobs for unemployed younger workers. (Munnell, ) 28

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16 political power Lord Acton Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely Harold Perkin self-serving elites exploitation individual peculation Chalmers Johnson structural corruption the built-in rewards Perkin 21 Professional society is the most creative system the world has ever seen, bringing material, cultural, intellectual, and moral benefits on a scale not dreamed of by earlier generations, even among the rich and powerful. How can we enjoy the enormous benefits of professional society without allowing the professional elites to abuse their power and exploit 16 The most important kind, however, is not individual peculation but what Chalmers Johnson, in the case of Japan, has called structural corruption, the built-in rewards that the system offers to politicians, bureaucrats, and corporate managers, who receive lucrative appointments and compensation for loss of office for cooperating with the elite to perpetuate the exploitation and the inequitable distribution of income. (Perkin, 1996xv-xvi) 34

17 their societies to the point of exhaustion and collapse? That is the most important question the world has to face in the twenty-first century. (Perkin, 1996, p. xvi) Perkin Enlightened self-interest,.., is more profitable than narrowly selfish greed. (Perkin, 1996xvi) A A10 35

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31 ~113 Gruber, Jonathan (2005), Public Finance and Public Policy, New York: Worth Publishers. Molitor, Bruno (1987), Soziale Sicherung, München: Verag Franz Vahlen. Munnell, Alicia H. (1977), The Future of Social Security, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. Perkin, Harold (1996), The Third Revolution: Professional Elites in the Modern World, London and New York: Routledge. Winterstein, Helmut (1980), Das System der Sozialen Sicherung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, München: Verag Franz Vahlen

32 The Questions and Answers of the Premium with 18% Interest Rate: an Innovative View Shih-Sin Huang Jian-Jhong Guo Abstract There is no reason that the premium with 18% interest rate can exist since it has been the policy of allowing professional elites to connect more economic rent at authoritarian time in Taiwan. Every political party should face such a problem and eradicate this out-of date policy. This reform will involve profiteers, but more emphasis should be put on those who have been damaged through the past mistake of systematic design. It is really one of the most important issue in modern Taiwan. In view of social justice and sustainable development, a new perspective should be developed, but not a financial crisis Keywordsthe premium with 18% interest rate, professional elites, annuity payment, social reform, social justice 50

The Idea Changing of Father & Son between Two Dynasty Chou Wan-Yu Kao* Abstract Chinese is proud of its country with courtesy and justice. The courtes

* 92 2 14 92 6 3 * The Idea Changing of Father & Son between Two Dynasty Chou Wan-Yu Kao* Abstract Chinese is proud of its country with courtesy and justice. The courtesy means everyone s behavior should